the united republic of tanzania health sector hiv and aids strategic plan

Fig 1.7 : PRECEDE-PROCEED FOR HEALTH PROMOTION. (Source : L.Green and M. Krenter,1991)
Administrative
and policy
diagnosis
Health
Health
education
education
Components
Components
of
of
health
health
promotion
promotion
program
program
Policy
Policy
regulation
regulation
organisation
organisation
Direct
Communication
to public, youth,
patients,
students,
employees
Indirect
communication
througth staff
training,
supervision,
consultation,
feedback
Training:
community
organization
44 |FINAL COMBINED-HSHSP 2008-2012: June 24 th 2007
Educational and
organizational
diagnosis
Predisposing
Predisposing
factors
factors
Knowledge
Knowledge
Attitudes,
Attitudes,
Beliefs
Beliefs
Values,
Values,
Perceptions
Perceptions
Reinforcing
Reinforcing
factors:
factors:
Attitudes
Attitudes
and
and
behavior
behavior
of
of
health
health
and
and
other
other
personnel,
personnel,
peers,
peers,
parents
parents
employers,
employers,
etc.
etc.
Enabling
Enabling
Factors:
Factors:
availability
availability
of
of
resources,
resources,
acessibility,
acessibility,
referals,
referals,
skills,
skills,
Figure 5: Precede-Proceed Model for Health Promotion
Behavioral and
envirmental
diagnoses
Behavior
Behavior
(actions)
(actions)
of
of
individuals,
individuals,
groups,
groups,
or
or
communities
communities
Contextual
Contextual
factors
factors
(PEST)
(PEST)
Situation analysis
Though the primary education net enrolment rate has improved to 90.5% in 2004 compared to 58.8% in
1990, illiteracy is a challenge especially among women. Overall, 25% of females and 20% of males have
never been to school. Consequently the use of print media for sending HIV and AIDS messages to the
general public will have a limited intended impact. Therefore, there is need to explore other innovative
approaches in order to improve the impact of these messages on the target audiences including those who
are unable to read and write.
Below are the achievements and challenges in the implementation of 2003-2006 plans:
Achievements
47% of men and 42% women used condoms in their last high risk sexual encounter
Age at first sexual contact among female and male adolescent has increased by one year.
Decline in proportion of people have sex with two or more partners (females from 8% to 5%
and males from 27% to 20%)
15% of Tanzanians aged 16-49 years have ever been tested for HIV.
Challenges
Aspects Challenges with BCC Programming
Availability • Non inclusion of BCC programming in HIV and AIDS interventions
• Public awareness on some of the core interventions still low and many myths and
misconceptions persist
• Inadequate human resource in BCC programming at all levels
Equitable • Current messages are not contextualised to local settings
access
Quality • IEC has often resulted in the production of discrete communication materials.
• No monitoring tools are available to establish effectiveness of the BCC programs
inadequate linkages and coordination at all levels