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Network logic against risk: protection from invasion and attack, then in the nineteenth century from disease, and later still protection from poverty and unemployment. Much of what we count as progress in urbanised societies has been the increasing success of many states in protecting their citizens – from war, disease and poverty. Some expected a networked world based on information to reverse this, or at least to offer a different way of handling risk. It is certainly harder for states to build certain kinds of walls or control what information and knowledge reaches their citizens (though the Taliban tried). The other widespread prediction was that a more networked world would inevitably encourage greater individualisation of risk, which might leave each person, or at least everyone with the means to do so, with their own insurance, purchased on global markets, calibrated using sophisticated algorithms, particularly with new genetic knowledge. People would buy their own security, education, or healthcare, as the state, and pooled risk, withered away. The reality is very different. We remain in a world where many risks are collective and where the public rationally looks to public institutions to protect them. These include the risks of instability in the global market, the risks of attacks on systems on which we depend (from food distribution to electricity), risks to personal privacy or global warming (in each of which states can be as much the problem as the solution). Paradoxically the very speed with which networks have advanced has reinforced the need for stronger legitimate authorities to protect people from the risks they have brought in their wake. The nature of risk also underscores the importance of moral obligations to others. September 11 was a reminder that even the richest and most powerful remain vulnerable. Thomas Hobbes’s words from over 300 years ago have special resonance now. In Leviathan he wrote that ‘the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination or by confederacy with others …’, which is why the strongest need to care about the lives and needs of the weakest. 54 Demos
Connexity revisited The implications of connexity What follows for governments, whether of cities or states? In Connexity I set out some of the emerging principles for government – from the relationship with citizens and the role of trust to the use of more horizontal structures in bureaucracies. Five aspects stand out. Transparency The first is the potential for radically greater transparency because of the ease and cheapness of sharing information. On the Web I can look up my street on a site called upmystreet.com. Through it I can instantly find out information not just about local contacts or discussion groups but also about the relative performance of my local schools or local police force. I can do this because government has been through a revolution in how information is organised. Much that used to be internal, the prerogative of management, is now external. Information has been turned inside out, rather like a Richard Rogers building. This shift was bitterly resisted by the professions and many of the experts in each field, who feared that the information was crude and that the public wouldn’t be able to make sense of it. Yet having happened it is irreversible, and has turned out to be a powerful force for changing cultures of provision, driving up performance and encouraging weak performers to learn from their more successful counterparts. Transparency has also changed the working practices of government. A good example is food, where public trust in government collapsed in the UK in the 1990s because of BSE. Now the Food Standards Agency makes all its decisions in public, publishes all the scientific and other data underpinning those decisions, and has quickly shown that a more open, adult approach increases public trust. My guess is that future governments will simply take that sort of greater transparency for granted, as an unavoidable aspect of the environment in which they have to work. Demos 55
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Network Logic Who governs in an int
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About Demos Demos is a greenhouse f
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9. Old boys and new girls women’s
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women’s networking movement. This
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Your friendship networks government
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Your friendship networks protective
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If the rhetoric of community-led re
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14. The information utility John Ta
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The information utility task will b
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The information utility instrumenta
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Power does not reside in institutio
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Copyright 226 Demos DEMOS - Licence
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