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Network logic we approach such regulatory conundrums remains unclear, but it seems unlikely that the models we have relied on up to now will be up to the job. The role of regulatory agencies may need to shift from that of enforcement to brokerage, identifying the organisations and strategies that could be enrolled in tackling a given problem. 7 Accountability In an interconnected world simple chains of cause and effect are difficult to establish. Most organisations are nodes in a whole series of complex networks, some of which they may not even realise they belong to. The impact of those networks and the outcomes they produce is rarely the result of any one organisation but rather the interactions between them. At the same time, membership of such networks does not diminish the need to give account for one’s actions; on the contrary, it amplifies it. A typical FTSE 100 today is now required to give account to: shareholders, and particularly the large institutional investors whose judgements are so crucial in influencing perception of company performance and management competence; the media, through which its reputation and trustworthiness will often be mediated; an array of regulatory agencies, perhaps sector-specific, others concerned with generic issues like employment practices or health and safety; supranational bodies, including the European Union; and its wider stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, employees, NGOs and politicians. Yet despite this complex picture, we still treat accountability as a linear process – one party being held to account by another. This is expressed in the way that the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons works, for example, and in the way that the scrutiny functions of regulatory agencies continue to be understood. In the future, our conception of accountability seems likely to evolve away from simple lines of answerability towards something more complex and messy, with lines of accountability that are: multiple, so that any one actor was accountable to a number of other actors in a number of different ways 18 Demos
Introduction overlapping, so that at different times in different circumstances one source of accountability might take priority, but at no point could there be no accountability at all based on deliberative as well as procedural processes – generating opportunities for genuine discussion and learning, rather than fostering defensive mindsets or going through the motions. Ownership The blurring of responsibility and the growth of organisational interdependence also force us to rethink our binary assumptions about public versus private ownership. New ways of organising and providing public goods and services have emerged, which downgrade the role of the state from that of provider to that of regulator or coordinator, and seek to draw other actors into complex webs of provision cutting across traditional institutional boundaries. This process has been theorised in the rise of ‘the governance paradigm’ across the social sciences. The common theme is an interest in patterns of governing that do not rest on the traditional authority of the state to coerce and command, and which involve institutions drawn from within but also beyond government. 8 Citizenship Network citizens understand their connections to the wider world, as well as to those in their neighbourhood. They are capable of participating in networked forms of social action, as Howard Rheingold elaborates, but they are also able to respect the informal norms of collaboration in everyday life that enhance quality of life in the terms set out by Robert Sampson. Many of our public goods rely on the network effects of individuals being prepared to act as ‘coproducers’ of the service they receive from the state. Networked citizens will participate in the creation of new decision-making capabilities as well as understanding their informal power and responsibilities. Demos 19
Page 1: Network Logic Who governs in an int
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Page 8 and 9: Network logic 10. Your friendship n
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Untangling the threads teachers exp
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Untangling the threads districts, a
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Networks, knowledge and innovation
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Network logic Finally, in the refor
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Disparities of wealth appear as a l
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Network logic But might there be a
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Network logic honestly. If it is no
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9. Old boys and new girls women’s
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women’s networking movement. This
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Old boys and new girls Nevertheless
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Old boys and new girls practices. I
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Old boys and new girls An approach
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Old boys and new girls 2 For an ove
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10. Your friendship networks are th
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Your friendship networks government
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Your friendship networks Figure 1 N
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Your friendship networks Figure 2 I
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Your friendship networks protective
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Your friendship networks do not go
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If the rhetoric of community-led re
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Networks and neighbourhoods coordin
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Networks and neighbourhoods Figure
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Networks and neighbourhoods in any
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Delegating judgement and individual
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14. The information utility John Ta
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The information utility task will b
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The information utility instrumenta
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The information utility Goods and s
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The information utility other publi
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Smart mobs aren’t a ‘thing’ t
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Social movements have always had an
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Network logic The challenges of net
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Network logic domain. Increasing us
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Power does not reside in institutio
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Network logic technological paradig
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Network logic recombinant power, pr
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Copyright 226 Demos DEMOS - Licence
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