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Network logic another Lovegety owner of the opposite sex and compatible profile is within 15 feet. ImaHima (‘are you free now?’) enables hundreds of thousands of Tokyo i-mode users to alert buddies who are in their vicinity at the moment. Upoc (‘universal point of contact’) in Manhattan sponsors mobile communities of interest: any member of ‘Manhattan celebrity watch’, ‘nyc terrorism alert’, ‘prayer of the day’ or ‘The Resistance’, for example, can broadcast text messages to and receive messages from all the other members. Phones that make it easy to send digital video directly to the web make it possible for ‘peer-to-peer journalism’ networks to emerge; Steve Mann’s students in Toronto have chronicled newsworthy events by webcasting everything their wearable cameras and microphones capture. Researchers in Oregon have constructed ‘social middleware’ that enables wearable computer users to form ad hoc communities, using distributed reputation systems, privacy and knowledge-sharing agents, and wireless networks. In 2000 WearComp researcher, innovator and evangelist Steve Mann launched ‘ENGwear, an experiment in wearable news-gathering systems conducted by students and researchers at the Humanistic Intelligence Lab at the University of Toronto’. 7 In the spring of 2000 Mann and a group of his students, all wearing computers equipped with ‘EyeTaps’, which broadcast everything they saw and heard to the Web, showed up at a demonstration in Toronto called by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP). Violence broke out. Mann reported: We, along with the journalists and various television crews, ran for cover. However, unlike the reporters, my students and I were 196 Demos
Smart mobs still broadcasting, capturing almost by accident the entire event. Whatever we saw before us was captured and sent instantly in real time to the World Wide Web, without our conscious thought or effort. 8 Swarm intelligence and the social mind Massive outbreaks of cooperation precipitated the collapse of communism. In city after city, huge crowds assembled in non-violent street demonstrations, despite decades of well-founded fear of political assembly. Although common sense leads to the conclusion that unanimity of opinion among the demonstrators explained the change of opinion, Natalie Glance and Bernardo Huberman, Xerox PARC researchers who have studied the dynamics of social systems, noted that a diversity of cooperation thresholds among the individuals can tip a crowd into a sudden epidemic of cooperation. Glance and Huberman pointed out that a minority of extremists can choose to act first and, if the conditions are right, their actions can trigger actions by others who needed to see somebody making the first move before acting themselves – at which point the bandwagonjumpers follow the early adopters who followed the first actors. 9 Sudden epidemics of cooperation aren’t necessarily pleasant experiences. Lynch mobs and entire nations cooperate to perpetrate atrocities. Decades before the fall of communism, sociologist Mark Granovetter examined radical collective behaviour of both positive and negative kinds and proposed a ‘threshold model of collective behaviour’. I recognised Granovetter’s model as a crucial conceptual bridge that connects intelligent (smart mob) cooperation with ‘emergent’ behaviours of unintelligent actors, such as hives, flocks and swarms. Granovetter studied situations in which individuals were faced with either–or decisions regarding their relationship to a group – whether or not to join a riot or strike, adopt an innovation, spread a rumour, sell a stock, leave a social gathering, migrate to a different country. He identified the pivotal statistic as the proportion of other people who would have to act before an individual decides to join them. Demos 197
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Network Logic Who governs in an int
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About Demos Demos is a greenhouse f
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Open access. Some rights reserved.
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Network logic 10. Your friendship n
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We are some way from being able to
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Network logic urban communities, re
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Network logic a weblog called DearR
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Network logic networks permit, to c
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Network logic we approach such regu
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Network logic Power The changing na
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Network logic Boundaries of identit
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Network logic beliefs, explanations
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Network logic verbal forms of mutua
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Network logic framework for the und
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3. Towards a theory of government K
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Towards a theory of government What
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Towards a theory of government enge
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Seeing the connectedness of things
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Network logic against risk: protect
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Network logic Holism The second pri
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Network logic the actions to tackle
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Editors’ note A significant featu
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5. Untangling the threads networks,
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Untangling the threads Given the co
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Untangling the threads teachers exp
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Untangling the threads districts, a
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Networks, knowledge and innovation
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Asked about leadership, most people
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Disparities of wealth appear as a l
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Network logic But might there be a
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Network logic may start businesses,
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Network logic ago. Under the networ
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Network logic honestly. If it is no
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9. Old boys and new girls women’s
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women’s networking movement. This
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Old boys and new girls practices. I
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Old boys and new girls An approach
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Your friendship networks government
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Your friendship networks Figure 1 N
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Your friendship networks protective
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Your friendship networks do not go
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If the rhetoric of community-led re
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