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Network logic have been hidden under a veneer of conformity or ‘respectability’. Tensions are an inescapable part of community life, and the capacity to resolve conflicts is essential for a cohesive and inclusive society. As Fritjof Capra recognises in his model of the ‘web of life’, ethnic and cultural diversity plays the same role in human societies as that of ecological diversity in ecosystems. A diverse community is resilient, with the capacity to adapt to changing situations: ‘However, diversity is a strategic advantage only if there is a truly vibrant community, sustained by a web of relationships. If the community is fragmented into isolated groups and individuals, diversity can easily become a source of prejudice and friction.’ 5 We actively and symbolically construct communities according to the conditions we find, the challenges that we encounter and the choices we make. Many communities organise themselves along lines that perpetuate injustice and segregation. Traditions and structures are overly rigid and social connections simply repeat patterns of informal interaction among people who are broadly similar or who obey conventional mores. Such communities are often isolated and unwilling to adapt to change. They become stagnant, defending themselves against newcomers rather than seeking opportunities for engagement and learning. Organisation studies and complexity theory provide useful insights into the important functions played by network-type linkages in helping complex systems to manage themselves within turbulent (ever-changing) environments. Complex systems that are sufficiently well connected demonstrate a tendency to ‘self-organise’ over time, with clusters and groups emerging from the pattern of interactions among the participating ‘members’. In some cases these configurations evolve as formal structures that survive so long as they fit a niche in the organisational environment. Network modes of organising are said to reduce transaction costs, though in reality these are simply transferred to less public arenas, where invisible emotional work builds trust and mutuality. Networks operate as highly effective communication channels, gathering intelligence from a range of sources and processing it to become collective wisdom or ‘common 150 Demos
Developing the well-connected community sense’. Community networks convey information and ideas, recruiting potential collaborators and supporters for self-help groups and collective action. Communities can be thought of as complex systems comprising overlapping networks of social and organisational relationships. Their boundaries are difficult to define; they consist of multiple, interdependent elements; there exists no centralised control mechanism; and interactions between members are governed by localised and relatively simple conventions. Well-functioning communities possess a range of capacities for absorbing or adapting to change, managing internal tensions and generating (and dissolving) a variety of forms for collective action. These capacities are organic and ‘owned’ by communities themselves. In many instances, they has been built up over years of collective action among a fairly stable population who accumulate skills, knowledge and confidence from a shared experience of successful organising. Social networks with diverse, boundaryspanning contacts are particularly useful, especially where these provide links to other communities and powerful agencies. Loose networks are often the precursors to more formal organisational arrangements, especially where these involve people or organisations from a diversity of backgrounds and interests. Social movements depend on activist networks to organise collective action, to raise awareness and to lobby for change. For example, the first Bristol Festival Against Racism was organised entirely through the political, professional and personal networks of the main coordinators. Having no resources of its own, it used connections to mobilise organisations, galvanise individuals, generate ideas, gain access to funding and distribute its publicity. Trust and shared values were vital to these achievements and the organisers particularly encouraged groups to work together where there had previously been only limited contact. A subsequent evaluation of the initiative revealed that participation in the Festival had reinforced people’s commitment and confidence around antiracism. A framework had been established on which stronger, more Demos 151
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Network Logic Who governs in an int
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About Demos Demos is a greenhouse f
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Open access. Some rights reserved.
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Network logic 10. Your friendship n
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We are some way from being able to
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Network logic urban communities, re
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Network logic a weblog called DearR
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Network logic networks permit, to c
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Network logic we approach such regu
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Network logic Power The changing na
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One of the most important insights
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Network logic has coined the term
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Network logic Boundaries of identit
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Network logic beliefs, explanations
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Network logic verbal forms of mutua
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Network logic framework for the und
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3. Towards a theory of government K
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Towards a theory of government in f
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Towards a theory of government What
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Towards a theory of government Look
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Towards a theory of government enge
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Seeing the connectedness of things
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Network logic up the political agen
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Network logic against risk: protect
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Network logic Holism The second pri
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Network logic the actions to tackle
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Editors’ note A significant featu
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5. Untangling the threads networks,
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Untangling the threads Given the co
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Untangling the threads teachers exp
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Untangling the threads districts, a
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Untangling the threads These networ
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Untangling the threads implementati
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Networks, knowledge and innovation
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Asked about leadership, most people
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Network logic which they are part.
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Network logic Finally, in the refor
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Network logic meet them. The task t
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Network logic social network analys
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Network logic performance of partic
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Network logic technology becomes we
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Social movements have always had an
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Network logic experience of diverse
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Network logic Use of network techno
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Network logic The challenges of net
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Network logic domain. Increasing us
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Power does not reside in institutio
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Network logic technological paradig
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Network logic recombinant power, pr
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Copyright 226 Demos DEMOS - Licence
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