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Network logic between the different types of social networks that government might consider trying to promote. Conclusion In this situation it is much more sensible for governments to focus on more modest goals. Specifically, they should surely make it a priority to try to limit the clear harms their interventions do to people’s social networks. For example, training programmes for the unemployed that facilitate the creation of ties with other unemployed people only do little to extend those individuals’ access to informal routes into work, and may do some harm by way of peer effects on aspirations. Again, it should be clear from recent inquiries that ‘care in the community’ quickly becomes neglect in the community and ‘domiciliary care’ can readily become a humane form of house arrest if little or no attention is paid to the social networks of those who use these services. Community development programmes that focus all effort on building ties within a community and fail to address the importance of links outside can quickly reinforce enclaving. It makes far more sense at this stage in our knowledge for governments to be trying to develop piecemeal strategies with which to tackle these network harms. Along with this must go the most careful attention to respecting the privacy of much of the highly sensitive personal information that public bodies and their staff collect about the friendships and acquaintance of their clients. For without reassurance on these matters, the public will rightly be reluctant to trust in governments that seek to influence their social networks. So, do governments do better by trying to influence the networks of citizens deliberately? Or do they actually do better when they simply provide material services and leave the network consequences where they lie? At the moment, the only answer seems to be that if policy-makers are to do better by trying to coordinate policies and measures deliberately, then they had better begin by being very modest in ambition; by prioritising to limit network harms that flows from public service provision; by recognising that all the good things 140 Demos
Your friendship networks do not go together; and by accepting that they must care about all – not just one or two – types of networks. Dr Perri 6 is a senior research fellow at the Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham. Notes 1 This article is based on work for a forthcoming book, Perri 6, The Politics of Social Cohesion;see also Perri 6, ‘Can government influence our friendships? The range and limits of tools for trying to shape solidarities’, in C Phillipson, G Allen and D Morgan (eds), Social Networks and Social Exclusion: sociological and policy issues (Aldershot and London: Ashgate, 2003); Perri 6, ‘Governing friends and acquaintances: public policy and social networks’, in V Nash (ed.), Reclaiming Community (London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002). 2 K Polanyi, The Great Transformation: the political and economic origins of our time (Boston, Mass: Beacon Press, 1944). 3 Perri 6, ‘Can government influence our friendships? The range and limits of tools for trying to shape solidarities’, in C Phillipson, G Allen and D Morgan (eds), Social Networks and Social Exclusion: sociological and policy issues (Aldershot and London: Ashgate, 2003). The taxonomy is based on that of M Douglas, ‘Cultural bias’, in M Douglas, In the Active Voice (London: Routledge and Kegan, 1982) and ultimately on É Durkheim, Suicide: a study in sociology, tr.J Spaulding and G Simpson (London: Routledge, 1951 [1897]). 4 This is based on a review of the available literature, but it should be noted that rather little of the research has been principally concerned with evaluating impacts on social networks, and there are many limitations and weaknesses in the studies. 5 Figure 2 refers to the Western world, with its relative aggregate weighting towards greater individualism rather than either of the strongly integrated solidarities. Interventions that seem ineffective in this context might be more efficacious when used in social contexts which are initially more communitarian in their institutions. 6 The full review of the literature will appear in Perri 6, The Politics of Social Cohesion,forthcoming. 7 GC Wenger, ‘Social networks and the prediction of elderly people at risk’, Aging and Mental Health 1, no 4 (1997). 8 RE Putnam, Bowling Alone: the collapse and revival of American community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000). 9 D Stolle, ‘“Getting to trust”: an analysis of the importance of institutions, families, personal experiences and group membership’, in P Dekker and EM Uslaner (eds), Social Capital and Participation in Everyday Life (London: Routledge, 2001). 10 M Chaves and W Tsitos, ‘Congregations and social services: what they do, how Demos 141
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Network Logic Who governs in an int
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Network logic 10. Your friendship n
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