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Network logic because the intervention may provoke significant counterorganisation towards other network forms. The impact of other types of government action, such as life skills training and job clubs, we simply do not know. Figure 2 shows the distribution of a range of initiatives identified by the kind of solidarity that they might have promoted if they were effective, and what we currently know about their actual effectiveness. 5 The evidence available in the literature 6 suggests that, so far at least, public services have yet to develop very sophisticated tools on which to build any grand strategy for deliberate network shaping. The evaluative literature is very thin indeed. It hardly considers the interaction effects of the combinations of multiple measures as they affect the same groups of people and is weak in examining unintended consequences. In addition, it does not really examine the extent to which privacy concerns are being respected or the extent to which professionals are using these tools to gain greater discretionary power. Some evaluative instruments have been developed, especially in the field of care for frail older people (by Clare Wenger and her collaborators 7), that attempt to capture the impact of services upon client’s social networks, but they are still not being widely used. Very often people advocate fashionable measures for which the evidence of sustained impact on the social networks of their clients is largely missing. Robert Putnam has famously argued for much more generous public subsidy for voluntary organisations in the belief that they will conduce to ‘social capital’ – by which he means almost any kind of network other than the isolate form; he does not seem to accept that there are incompatibilities between these network forms that require trade-offs and even tough choices between them. 8 However, there is really very little evidence that the social networks of clients of voluntary bodies are influenced in any lasting way by using their services, and the few studies that have been conducted actually suggest that, if there are effects, they are short-lived. 9 Even religious bodies, said by some to be better at stimulating ties, actually turn out in the few studies done to be no more impressive than comparable government services. 10 136 Demos
Your friendship networks Figure 2 Interventions by solidarities they are designed to promote ISOLATE † Segregation of individual offenders within institutions ? † School exclusion without readmission to another school INDIVIDUALISM ? Life skills training Entrepreneurs’ networks Business borrowers’ clubs * Comprehensive schooling * Mixed tenure schemes Social regulation HIERARCHY ? Counselling ? Life skills training Mentoring † Funding voluntary organisations ? Circles of support † Designing out crime, e.g. closing streets to block criminals’ escape routes ? † City centre pedestrianisation; zoning for street cafés and clubs School exclusion into speciality units Social integration ENCLAVE Segregated allocation of social rented housing † Buddying schemes Befriending schemes † Funding voluntary organisations Drop-in centres ? Job clubs Communal spaces for residents in defined small areas ? † City centre pedestrianisation; zoning for street cafés and clubs * ? Creating local non-profit organisations * Interventions which the evidence suggests have not been effective in promoting the kinds of social network structures that policy-makers had hoped from them. † Interventions where the evidence about their efficacy in changing social networks is equivocal. Effects may not last, may be modest, or the intervention may provoke counter-organisation towards other solidarities. ? Interventions that may or may not in practice conduce to that solidarity. Demos 137
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Network Logic Who governs in an int
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About Demos Demos is a greenhouse f
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Open access. Some rights reserved.
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Network logic 10. Your friendship n
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We are some way from being able to
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Network logic urban communities, re
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Network logic a weblog called DearR
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Network logic networks permit, to c
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Network logic we approach such regu
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Network logic Power The changing na
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One of the most important insights
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Network logic has coined the term
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Network logic Boundaries of identit
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Network logic beliefs, explanations
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Network logic verbal forms of mutua
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Network logic framework for the und
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3. Towards a theory of government K
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Towards a theory of government in f
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Towards a theory of government What
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Toward the theory of government spe
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Towards a theory of government Look
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Towards a theory of government enge
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Seeing the connectedness of things
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Network logic up the political agen
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Network logic against risk: protect
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Network logic Holism The second pri
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Network logic the actions to tackle
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Editors’ note A significant featu
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5. Untangling the threads networks,
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Untangling the threads Given the co
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Untangling the threads teachers exp
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Untangling the threads districts, a
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Untangling the threads These networ
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Untangling the threads implementati
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6. Networks, knowledge and innovati
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Networks, knowledge and innovation
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Networks, knowledge and innovation
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The information utility other publi
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Smart mobs aren’t a ‘thing’ t
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Network logic Netwar is an emerging
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Network logic another Lovegety owne
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Network logic One of Granovetter’
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Network logic performance of partic
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Network logic technology becomes we
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Social movements have always had an
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Network logic experience of diverse
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Network logic Use of network techno
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Network logic campaigners? One way
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Network logic The challenges of net
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Network logic domain. Increasing us
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Power does not reside in institutio
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Network logic technological paradig
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Network logic recombinant power, pr
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Copyright 226 Demos DEMOS - Licence
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