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Network logic A brief history of women’s networks Women in Britain have associated in various ways for many centuries, often forming strong personal ties through the relationships that characterise women’s traditional, domestically oriented roles. These sorts of relationships between women still exist today to varying degrees. However, what is analytically distinctive about the peer-topeer networking activities described in this essay is the way in which they give a formal expression and visibility to previously informal and loosely organised relationships, and focus them around a gendered professional identity. Women’s networks thus can complicate professional identities by constructing alternative narratives of and generating new perspectives about organisations. In doing so, they represent a force for organisational change and a form of social agency with the potential to tackle persistent workplace inequalities between women and men. Communities of professional women began to grow at the end of the nineteenth century when various membership associations and institutions were founded for the rising number of women entering Britain’s universities and professions. However, it was not until the 1970s, the period in which sexual politics were put firmly back on the political agenda by the Women’s Liberation Movement, that the dynamic peer-to-peer networking model recognisable among professional women today began to take shape. Small groups of businesswomen began to meet together in cities in the UK and the US, initially through low-key gatherings for breakfast or lunch. These grew rapidly into large corporate networks based within companies, or external business networks with a nationwide reach. 2 These early networks set the trend for those that followed. The activities ranged from purely social gatherings to workshops, seminars, mentoring programmes and opportunities for voluntary work, supplemented with access to general advice, information and mutual support through the network. This model was adopted in the UK by women in professions beyond the business world steadily throughout the 1980s. However, over the last five to ten years, Britain has witnessed what might be understood as a ‘new wave’ of the 118 Demos
women’s networking movement. This coincided with – indeed constituted part of – a new self-confidence experienced by women, especially among young professional women, in the 1990s. This decade witnessed growing evidence of a generational shift in attitudes towards more flexible and fluid gender roles, as well as the disruption of traditional feminist narratives of women’s collective consciousness and political mobilisation. 3 The ‘new girl networks’, as they were light-heartedly described, reflected elements of this new gender politics. Networks bubbled up in sectors as diverse as technology (DigitalEve), journalism (Women in Journalism), small business (Women into the Network) and corporate social responsibility (CSR Chicks). Many of these have youthful memberships, are highly proactive in marketing themselves externally with sophisticated brand identities, funky websites and catchy names, and make effective use of the internet as a communications and community-building tool. Over the same period, large employers have begun to explore networks as an alternative to conventional equal opportunities and centrally owned diversity initiatives, the limitations of which are becoming more widely understood. ‘Corporate networks’ provide opportunities for women in organisations to lead their own professional development and contribute to the strengthening of gender diversity in the workplace. Lloyds TSB, GE, Citigroup and Shell have all launched corporate women’s networks in the last five years, and diversity networks are a growing presence too within the civil service and the wider public sector. These internal networks not only connect women within the organisation, but provide important advice and intelligence to the management on women’s needs, and in many cases help to design and implement diversity policies. Selection of UK women’s networks Women in Management 1969 City Women’s Network 1978 Women in Business and Finance 1980 Old boys and new girls Demos 119
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Network Logic Who governs in an int
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Open access. Some rights reserved.
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Network logic 10. Your friendship n
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Seeing the connectedness of things
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Editors’ note A significant featu
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