motion estimation and compensation for very low bitrate video coding

Contents
Introduction 1
Preamble :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1
Introduction and Thesis Outline ::::::::::::::::: 6
Contributions of the Thesis :::::::::::::::::::: 10
1 Digital Video Coding at Very-Low BitRate 13
1.1 Digital Video ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14
1.2 Video Coding ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15
1.2.1 Image Compression :::::::::::::::::: 15
1.2.2 Video Compression :::::::::::::::::: 18
1.3 Coding at Very-Low BitRate :::::::::::::::: 20
1.4 Some (Very-) Low BitRate Codecs ::::::::::::: 21
1.4.1 H.263 ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 21
1.4.1.1 Intra Macroblocks ::::::::::::: 22
1.4.1.2 Inter Macroblocks and Residues ::::: 23
1.4.1.3 Options ::::::::::::::::::: 23
1.4.1.4 Future Improvements: H.263+ :::::: 24
1.4.2 \COMIS", the UCL Approach ::::::::::: 24
1.4.2.1 Intra Images :::::::::::::::: 25
1.4.2.2 Inter Images :::::::::::::::: 31
1.4.3 The Emerging MPEG-4 Standard ::::::::: 33
1.4.3.1 Developments to Be Supported :::::: 34
1.4.3.2 A New Challenge for the Representation
of Audio-Visual Information ::::::: 34
1.4.3.3 Video Coding in MPEG-4 ::::::::: 35
1.5 Discussion ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 37
2 Motion in the Framework of Video Coding 39
2.1 Image Formation and Motion :::::::::::::::: 41