motion estimation and compensation for very low bitrate video coding

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and the video group one (http://wwwam.HHI.DE/mpeg-video/). the general MPEG web page (http://drogo.cselt.stet.it/mpeg/), The rst Committee Draft (CD) has been set up (October 97, Fribourg meeting), and the Draft International Standard is planned for November 98. However, in order to be able to include more sophisticated tools that still need development and assessment (like the matching pursuits [90]), a second CD will be established in November 98 and will become a Draft International Standard (MPEG-4 version 2) in November 1999. People interested in being kept informed of the rapid evolution of the standard should refer to: A major innovation of MPEG-4 is to guarantee the access to multimedia information from every part of the world. Therefore, the bitstream structure is speci c in a twofold way: it includes coding tools and a system layer that can cope with severe channel errors and it allows scalability at the bitstream level. This scalability ensures universal accessibility as any decoder can select the information it can decode. Figure 1.13: Schematic overview of an MPEG-4 system interaction objects objects objects objects encoder multiplexer demultiplexer decoder compositor video audio stored objects local objects (coded/uncoded) 36 Chapter 1. Digital Video Coding at Very-Low BitRate
1.5 Discussion 37 1.5 Discussion This rst chapter has presented di erent facets of video compression, with emphasis on very-low bitrates. A clear distinction has been made between intra-coding and inter-coding. Inter-coding, which tries to exploit the spatio-temporal correlation between successive images, o ers the framework of the present thesis. VLBR video transmission is characterized by the impossibility for the decoder to reach avery good approximation of the original images. It is commonly admitted that the information must be deteriorated in order to reach the requested bitrates. Three VLBR codecs have been brie y reviewed and some new trends can be emphasized. With MPEG-4, the video coding community has realized that compression is not the only aim anymore. The convergence of both the ever-increasing channel capacities and the compression performances appears to be su cient to ll most needs. Yet, the market seems to expect new features like interaction, manipulation, software support, copyright protections,... Is it then the end of research in video coding? De nitely not! But new requirements have tobetaken into account. Among the various new topics that are emerging, one may cite: Joint source and channel coding for speci c transmissions in errorprone environments. As stated in the description of MPEG-4 (cf. Section 1.4.3), this future standard uses segmented objects but does not standardize how to obtain them. Tools to perform segmentation and tracking prior to coding will o er industrial competitors a struggle eld to distinguish one from each other. MPEG has decided to end with pure coding, and the next standard to come, MPEG-7 [101], deals with image analysis in the framework of audio-visual search engines [102], which promises to issue some new very interesting challenges. Aware of this evolution, many people have already started working in these new topics. Among them, one may cite the European COST 211ter (quater) project [1].
Page 1: LABORATOIRE DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS E
Page 5: Avant-propos Mener a bien une these
Page 8 and 9: Resume L'estimation du mouvement re
Page 10 and 11: x 2.1.1 Apparent versus Real Motion
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Page 14 and 15: 2 Introduction Ancient Greece initi
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Page 22 and 23: 10 Introduction Once the proposed s
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Page 27 and 28: 1.2 Video Coding 15 These di erence
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86 Chapter 3. Multiscale Block Matc
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Chapter 4 Image Pre-Processing for
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4.1 Intuitive Rationale 97 (a) (b)
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4.1 Intuitive Rationale 99 (a) (b)
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4.2 Rate Distortion Conditions 101
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4.3 Experimental Results 107 Pre-pr
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4.3 Experimental Results 109 Mean P
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4.3 Experimental Results 111 From t
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4.3 Experimental Results 113 Origin
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4.4 Conclusion 119 4.4 Conclusion T
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122 Chapter 5. Mesh-Based Motion Co
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162 Conclusion so as to adapt the s
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164 Conclusion gain is not as obvio
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Appendix A VLBR-like video sequence
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VLBR-like video sequences 169 Coast
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Appendix B Rate Distortion theory A
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B.1 Information Theory 173 B.1 Info
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B.2 Discrete Memoryless Sources and
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B.3 Rate Distortion Function 177 B.
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B.4 Extension to Moving Pictures 17
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B.4 Extension to Moving Pictures 18
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184 Chapter C. Markov Random Fields
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186 Chapter C. Markov Random Fields
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Appendix D Complements to Chapter 5
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D.2 Pseudo-code of the implementati
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Bibliography [1] COST 211ter Simula
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Bibliography 205 [21] E. Decenciere
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Bibliography 207 [41] R.M. Gray. Ve
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Bibliography 209 [65] B. Macq, M.P.
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Bibliography 211 [86] H.G. Musmann,
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Bibliography 213 [110] M.P. Queluz
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Bibliography 215 [132] F. Vermaut,
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motion estimation and compensation for very low bitrate video coding

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