motion estimation and compensation for very low bitrate video coding

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32 Chapter 1. Digital Video Coding at Very-Low BitRate Figure 1.11: Overlapping reconstruction - (top) original A (center) decoding B,E (bottom) reconstruction F coding, and the new image is rst treated as an intra-image. Once
1.4 Some (Very-) Low BitRate Codecs 33 arriving at point E of gure 1.5, it is used for ME. The impact of such an approach is studied in Chapter 4. To intra-treat the picture, the determination of interesting regions (cf. Section 1.4.2.1) is needed. Two criteria have been added so as to take the motion between two successive frames into account 5 . a motion criterion: based on a succession of motion estimations between the images at the highest frequency (even if the sequence is coded at 8; 33Hz, the criterion will compute three motion estimation between images at 25Hz), it eliminates regions with no motion and no texture (the Human Visual System does not focus on these areas) as well as the highly textured regions with a very important motion (that are too noisy to be correctly perceived). the continuity criterion: some tracking helps the algorithm taking the classi cation of the region in the previous image into account in order to ensure the temporal stability of the nal criterion. Motion transcription and coding. The high level of smoothness provided by the ABMA method justi es the use of contour/content coding of the motion vector eld. The same kind of transcription and coding is used to take advantage of what is done in the intra mode. 1.4.3 The Emerging MPEG-4 Standard The ISO group ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 (MPEG) has been working on a new work item since November 1992. After a lot of procrastination, MPEG-4 has nally found a suitable match at the Singapore meeting in November 1994. The rst Proposal Package Description (PPD) was established, focusing on three major trends of today's world: the trend towards wireless communications, the trend towards interactive computer applications, and the trend towards integration of audio-visual data into an ever increasing number of applications. 5 A motion estimation is thus performed to help computing these criteria. Nevertheless, this motion estimation is not the one used later by the coding algorithm and may even use a di erent technique.
Page 1: LABORATOIRE DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS E
Page 5: Avant-propos Mener a bien une these
Page 8 and 9: Resume L'estimation du mouvement re
Page 10 and 11: x 2.1.1 Apparent versus Real Motion
Page 12 and 13: xii A VLBR-like video sequences 167
Page 14 and 15: 2 Introduction Ancient Greece initi
Page 16 and 17: 4 Introduction Meanwhile, the desir
Page 18 and 19: 6 Introduction However, one can que
Page 20 and 21: 8 Introduction compensation in a vi
Page 22 and 23: 10 Introduction Once the proposed s
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Digital Video Coding at V
Page 27 and 28: 1.2 Video Coding 15 These di erence
Page 29 and 30: 1.2 Video Coding 17 { The redundanc
Page 31 and 32: 1.2 Video Coding 19 exhaustive use
Page 33 and 34: 1.4 Some (Very-) Low BitRate Codecs
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Page 49: 1.5 Discussion 37 1.5 Discussion Th
Page 52 and 53: 40 Chapter 2. Motion in the Framewo
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82 Chapter 3. Multiscale Block Matc
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Chapter 4 Image Pre-Processing for
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4.1 Intuitive Rationale 97 (a) (b)
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4.1 Intuitive Rationale 99 (a) (b)
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4.2 Rate Distortion Conditions 101
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4.3 Experimental Results 107 Pre-pr
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4.3 Experimental Results 109 Mean P
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4.3 Experimental Results 111 From t
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4.3 Experimental Results 113 Origin
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4.4 Conclusion 119 4.4 Conclusion T
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122 Chapter 5. Mesh-Based Motion Co
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162 Conclusion so as to adapt the s
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164 Conclusion gain is not as obvio
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Appendix A VLBR-like video sequence
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VLBR-like video sequences 169 Coast
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Appendix B Rate Distortion theory A
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B.1 Information Theory 173 B.1 Info
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B.2 Discrete Memoryless Sources and
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B.3 Rate Distortion Function 177 B.
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B.4 Extension to Moving Pictures 17
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B.4 Extension to Moving Pictures 18
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184 Chapter C. Markov Random Fields
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186 Chapter C. Markov Random Fields
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Appendix D Complements to Chapter 5
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D.2 Pseudo-code of the implementati
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Bibliography [1] COST 211ter Simula
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Bibliography 205 [21] E. Decenciere
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Bibliography 207 [41] R.M. Gray. Ve
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Bibliography 209 [65] B. Macq, M.P.
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Bibliography 211 [86] H.G. Musmann,
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Bibliography 213 [110] M.P. Queluz
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Bibliography 215 [132] F. Vermaut,
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