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motion estimation and compensation for very low bitrate video coding

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Introduction 5<br />

the home. Experts have predicted<br />

that by the year 2000,<br />

the worldwide revenues of the<br />

computer industry will be second<br />

to agricultural revenues.<br />

For a few years now, the<br />

convergence of the digitized<br />

world of computer with the<br />

worlds of audio-visual data<br />

<strong>and</strong> telecommunication have<br />

taken us to an age of multimedia<br />

<strong>and</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation technology.<br />

Such a trend is especially<br />

visible on the WWW<br />

where pages (created with a<br />

computer) that one can download<br />

(across the Internet) contain<br />

more <strong>and</strong> more visual<br />

in<strong>for</strong>mation. This evolution<br />

is quickly changing the organization<br />

of our society as it<br />

abolishes both time <strong>and</strong> distances.<br />

Data, sounds <strong>and</strong> images<br />

are now traveling around<br />

the world at the speed of light<br />

thanks to the nascent in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

highways. Nevertheless,<br />

technology evolution requires<br />

an evolution of mentalities.<br />

Moreover, the end-user<br />

of the proposed services is <strong>and</strong><br />

remains the human being. A<br />

rst step in this direction is<br />

the stress put by recent systems<br />

on the interactivity concept:<br />

the user is not passive<br />

anymore but really becomes<br />

the pilot of the application.<br />

She nally logs o , answers<br />

\positive" to the automatic<br />

query about the quality of<br />

transmission <strong>and</strong> switches to<br />

the <strong>video</strong> editing table.<br />

In analysis mode, she opens<br />

the recording of her conversation<br />

<strong>and</strong> selects the center of<br />

the screen. Once the tracking<br />

algorithm has per<strong>for</strong>med<br />

its task, she can save the segmented<br />

head <strong>and</strong> body of her<br />

gr<strong>and</strong>-mother into a separate<br />

le.<br />

She then intermingles images,<br />

past <strong>and</strong> present, reality <strong>and</strong><br />

ction, lms <strong>and</strong> cartoons.<br />

She has a gr<strong>and</strong>-mother jump<br />

on Terminator's motorbike,<br />

<strong>and</strong> join a sabbath of great<br />

historical gures. Should she<br />

have her dance with Attila or<br />

M<strong>and</strong>ela? Would she have her<br />

wear M. Monroe's dress?<br />

Joauma nally got it!<br />

This animation perfectly introduces,<br />

with her twelveyears<br />

old humor, the compilation<br />

she achieved with all<br />

the <strong>video</strong> archives of the family.<br />

Moma's birthday present<br />

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