motion estimation and compensation for very low bitrate video coding

x
2.1.1 Apparent versus Real Motion :::::::::::: 43
2.1.2 Unsolvable Problems of Motion Estimation :::: 44
2.2 Rate Distortion Theory ::::::::::::::::::: 47
2.3 Practical Approaches to Motion Estimation :::::::: 48
2.3.1 Additional Constraints :::::::::::::::: 49
2.3.1.1 Preservation Constraint :::::::::: 49
2.3.1.2 Coherence Constraint ::::::::::: 51
2.3.2 Estimation Methods ::::::::::::::::: 51
2.3.2.1 Multigrid and Multiscale Optimization
Methods :::::::::::::::::: 52
2.3.2.2 Forward versus Backward Estimation : : 54
2.4 Background Techniques for Motion Estimation :::::: 55
2.4.1 Linear Regression ::::::::::::::::::: 55
2.4.2 Iterative Motion Estimation ::::::::::::: 56
2.4.3 Pel-Recursive Algorithms :::::::::::::: 59
2.4.4 Stochastic Estimation Relying on Markov Random
Field ::::::::::::::::::::::: 60
2.4.5 Parametric Models of the Motion Field :::::: 62
2.4.6 Within a Transform Domain :::::::::::: 64
2.5 The Block-Matching Algorithm (BMA) :::::::::: 65
2.5.1 BMA Principle :::::::::::::::::::: 65
2.5.1.1 Search Techniques ::::::::::::: 66
2.5.1.2 Advanced Possibilities ::::::::::: 67
2.5.1.3 Result :::::::::::::::::::: 67
2.5.2 Overlapped BMA ::::::::::::::::::: 69
2.6 Image Warping Techniques ::::::::::::::::: 69
2.6.1 The Hexagonal Matching Algorithm (HMA) :::: 72
2.6.2 Adaptive Hexagonal Matching Algorithm (AHMA) 74
2.7 Conclusion :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 74
3 Multiscale Block Matching Algorithm 77
3.1 Adaptive Block Matching Algorithm :::::::::::: 78
3.1.1 Global Motion Estimation :::::::::::::: 78
3.1.2 Change Detection :::::::::::::::::: 79
3.1.3 Local Motion Estimation :::::::::::::: 81
3.1.4 Results :::::::::::::::::::::::: 82
3.2 Distributed Version of the Local Motion Estimation ::: 85
3.2.1 Pseudo-Code of the Sequential Loop :::::::: 85
3.2.2 Model of Distribution :::::::::::::::: 86
3.2.3 Practical Implementation :::::::::::::: 88