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•U.S. STEEL DUQUESNE WORKS HAER No. PA-115 (Page 75) process originally took place at the BOP shop where the contents of "submarine" ladle cars from the blast furnaces were reladled into open top ladles before the iron was manually desulphurized. The time taken to desulphurize the iron in this manner resulted in a significant drop in the temperature of the molten bath, thereby increasing the oxygen blowing time at the furnace. Under the new system, the "submarine" cars were taken directly from the cast house to the desulphurization building where they were spotted under one of the facility's two fume hoods. A lance transfer car, riding on rails on the second floor of the building, was positioned at the fume hood where its lance was inserted down through a hood opening into the top opening of the "submarine" car. Calcium carbide was then drawn from a 220-ton silo located next to the building and blown through the bath. The resulting fumes from the blow were directed through the hood to a bag house attached to the western wall of the building where the particulate was filtered out before the gasses were exhausted to the atmosphere through a nearby stack. After the process was complete, the resulting slag was skimmed off the bath and "submarine" cars were taken to the BOP shop. Because the -^ "submarine" ladles also acted as mixers, the temperature of the ^p bath remained constant. Consequently, the blowing period at the oxygen furnace was decreased. 7 ENDNOTSS: l.J. M. Camp and C. B. Francis, The Makingf Shaping, and Treating of Steelf Fourth Edition, (Pittsburgh: 1924), 204 - 06; William T. Hogan, Economic History of the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States, Volume Two, (Lexington: 1971), 391 - 93; K. A. Uehling, "Advantages of Sandless Pig Iron," The Iron Trade Review 31 (March 3, 1898): 14 - 16; J. M. Camp and C. B. Francis. The Making. Shaping and Treating of Steel, Sixth Edition, (Pittsburgh: 1951), 292, 730; Bruce Shields, former Chief Metallurgist at the Duquesne Works and Director of Metallurgical Engineering for the United States Steel Corporation, interviewed by author, March 3, 1990. 2."The Duquesne Furnace Plant of the Carnegie Steel Company Limited," The Iron Age 59 (March 25, 1897): 8, 9; "The Duquesne Furnaces of the Carnegie Co., Ltd.," The Iron Trade Review 30 (March 25, 1897): 10; "The Duquesne Furnace Record," The Iron Age 29 (September 10, 1896): 492; "A Duquesne Blast Furnace Record," The Iron Age 77 (April 12, 1906): 1261. 3."The Duquesne Furnace Plant," 9; Gary B. Kulik, "Sloss- Sheffield Steel & Iron Company Furnaces," (Unpublished Paper prepared for the Historic American Engineering Record, 1976): 5;
• U.S. STEEL DUQUESNE WORKS HAER No. PA-115 (Page 76) "The Duquesne Works of the Carnegie Steel Company," The Iron Age 71 fJanuarv (January l, 1. 1903): 1903}: 12. 4."New Blast Furnace Capacity," The Iron Age 80 (July 11, 1907): 104-5; Carnegie Steel Company, "Duquesne Works: Plant Description Book," (Duquesne: 1925), 7, 23, 44, 45; George E. Rose, "Development of the Modern Blast Furnace," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 29 (February 1931): 255-57; American Iron and Steel Institute, Iron and Steel Works Directoryf (New York: 1916), 82; AI&SI, Iron and Steel Works Directory, (New York: 1926), 90; AI&SI, Iron and Steel Works Directory. (New York: 1930) , 84. 5.AI&SI, Iron and Steel Works Directory, (New York: 1951), 3 69; "Ferromanganese Production Doubled," Blast Furnace and Steel ElajQfc 41 (October 1953) : 1207; "Rebuilt Blast Furnace No. 3 Begins Tenth Campaign Duquesne Works," Iron and Steel Engineer 3 0 (August 1953): 149; "Duquesne Streamlines Ferro Operations," U. S. Steel News 21 (July 1956): 29-33; United States Steel Corporation, "General Arrangement - Ferromanganese Casting Cars - Blast Furnace Area: Drawing #28530, January 14, 1957."; Carnegie- Illinois Steel Corporation. "General Arrangement - 35 Ton Iron Ladle - Blast Furnace Department: Drawing #20327, September 10, 1936"; U.S. Steel Corporation, "Arrangement of Iron Runners - Ferromanganese Car Casting: Drawing #27860, October 14, 1955."; U.S. Steel, "Parallel Primary Crushing and Handling Facilities - Trade Ferromanganese - FeMn Crushing and Screening Plant: Drawing #51866, May 6, 1965."; U.S. Steel Corporation, "Arrangement and Elevations - Trade FeMn Crushing and Storage Facilities - Blast Furnace Department: Drawing #51865, October 6, 1965." 6.AI&SI, Iron and Steel Works Directory, (New York: 1967), 284; "Novel Equipment Features U. S. Steel's New Duquesne Blast Furnace," Iron and Steel Engineer 40 (July 1963): 150; "USS Blast Furnace Has Third Bell," Steel 52 (June 10, 1963): 106; "A Lady Grows in Pittsburgh," U. S. Steel News 27 (January-February, 1962): 16; "Duquesne Works, No. 6 Blast Furnace," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 51 (September 1963): 780; United States Steel Corporation, "General Arrangement - Plot Plan - 28'-0" Blast Furnace No. 6: Drawing #43024, January 3, 1961." 7.Steve Chomanics, Former Blast Furnace Maintenance Foreman, interview with author, July 18, 1989; "Duquesne and National Works Being Combined," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 57 (February 1969): 173, 176; AI&SI, Iron and Steel Works Directory, (New York: 1967), 284; AI&SI, Iron and Steel Works Directory, (New York: 1977), 308; John P. Ely, Former General Superintendent of the National-Duquesne Works, interview with author, July 11, 1989; U.S. Steel Corporation, "Iron Desulfurization Facility -
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construction carbon and alloy steel
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