pa1778data.pdf
pa1778data.pdf
pa1778data.pdf
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
U.S. STEEL DUQUESNE WORKS<br />
HAER No. PA-115<br />
(Page 169)<br />
1951, each of the furnaces at Open Hearth Number One had a<br />
capacity of 90 tons, while those at Open Hearth Number Two each<br />
had a capacity of 145 tons. Finally, between 1951 and 1954,<br />
changes with respect to improved furnace design and fuel usage<br />
resulted in a significant reduction of heat times. Among the<br />
most important design improvements was the replacement of acid by<br />
basic refractory brick-lined furnace roofs and ends. Acid-lined<br />
furnace roofs and ends limited the temperature at which the<br />
furnace could be fired because of their inability to withstand<br />
high temperatures without decomposing. The construction of two<br />
4,000,000 gallon capacity storage tanks, moreover, made it<br />
possible to regularly augment whatever fuel was being burned in<br />
the furnaces with number six fuel oil. By atomizing the fuel oil<br />
with steam at the furnace burners, operators were able to adjust<br />
the character of the flame in such a manner as to increase its<br />
emissivity (or radiation intensity) while decreasing total fuel<br />
consumption at the same time. As a result, heat times were<br />
reduced from an average of 12.6 hours in 1950 to 10 hours in<br />
1954, while fuel consumption was reduced by 9 percent. 4<br />
ENDNOTES:<br />
l.J. M. Camp and C. B. Francis, The Making, Shaping, and<br />
Treating of Steel, Fourth Edition, (Pittsburgh, 1924), 200;<br />
United States Steel Corporation, The Making, Shaping,, and<br />
Treating of Steel, Sixth Edition, (Pittsburgh, 1951), 401; United<br />
States Steel Corporation, "Duquesne Works - Steel Production<br />
Conference," Tms, 1951, 41.<br />
2."The Open Hearth Plant and 40-Inch Blooming Mill of the<br />
Carnegie Steel Co., at Duquesne, Pa.," The Iron Trade Review 36<br />
(January 1, 1903): 84, 85; "The Duquesne Works of the Carnegie<br />
Steel Company: The Open Hearth Plant and the Blooming and 14-Inch<br />
Morgan Continuous Mills," The Iron Age 71 (January 1, 1903): 12-<br />
14; Camp and Francis, 290-93; and The Making, Sixth Edition, 401,<br />
448-49.<br />
3.Carnegie Steel Company, "Duquesne Works: Plant Description<br />
Book," (Duquesne, 1925), 47, 50, 51, 58, 59; "Open Hearth<br />
Installation at Duquesne Completed - Bessemer Converters<br />
Replaced," The Iron Trade Review 45 (August 5, 1909): 242;<br />
Carnegie Steel Company, "Section Through 60 Ton Open Hearth<br />
Furnaces, Stock Yard No. One, & Gas Producer Building: Drawing<br />
#8793, August 1, 1911."; "Section Through Mould & Cinder Yard<br />
Number Two, Open Hearth Plant Number Two, Stock Yard, and Gas<br />
Producer Plant: Drawing #9050, December 15, 1912."; "Upper Works<br />
- Duquesne, PA - Tracks and Equipment: Drawing #12960, April 20,<br />
1923"; and Camp and Francis, 73, 74, 293.