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U.S. STEEL DUQUESNE WORKS HAER No. PA-115 (Page 165) a wide gauge and narrow gauge track run parallel to each other through the length of the aisle. The pouring aisle encompasses the western half of the building. It is 54'-11 1/2" wide x 1005'-0" long x 57*-0" high to the underside of the truss. Running the length of the aisle is a 49 , -6 1/2" wide x 39'-9 1/2" high craneway. It carries three Alliance 200/50 ton capacity E.O.T. cranes and one Morgan 200/50 ton capacity crane. Located along the wall of the aisle (eastern wall of the building) are three steel framed teeming platforms. A narrow and a standard gauge track running parallel to each other alongside the teeming platforms extends the length of the building. Several ladles and scrap ingots are located at the northern end of the building. Several spare parts storage bins are located near the southern end of the charging aisle. Construction date: 1908. Construction of 45'-0" extension to accommodate one electric furnace at the northern end of building: 1916. IV. Open Hearth Number Two Mould Preparation Building: The one story, 49*-0" wide x 882'-0" long steel framed mold preparation building adjoins the eastern wall of the furnace building. Built by the American Bridge Company on a concrete foundation, the building has a corrugated metal exterior. Wide-flanged I-beams support the building 1 s sloped roof and its seven rectangular box monitors. A 44'-10" wide x 29'-0" high craneway runs the length of the building. It carries two 10-ton capacity E.O.T. cranes. A hot topping steel framed platform is located along the eastern wall of the building near its southern end. Two parallel narrow gauge tracks extend the length of the building. Construction date: 1908. V. Open Hearth Office Building: Built by the American Bridge Company, the building is located between the Open Hearth Number Two furnace building and the BOP shop at their northern end. The 251-3" wide x 39'-7" long x 22'~1" high brick building is composed of a basement and two stories. Two rows of dormer windows rim the building. An entrance way is located on its western wall. Its hipped roof is constructed of slate. Construction date: 1910. HISTORY Beginning with the construction of a basic open hearth steelmaking plant (Open Hearth Number One) at the turn of the century, the Duquesne Works gradually shifted from the acid Bessemer to open hearth production. In short, the basic open
U.S. STEEL DUQUESNE WORKS HAER No. PA-115 (Page 166) hearth process involved the burning of a mixture of gas and air over a charge of limestone, iron ore, scrap steel, and molten pig iron contained within a rectangular, magnesite refractory brick- lined regenerative furnace. The oxygen content of the air, the limestone and the iron ore transformed the iron into steel by eliminating carbon, silicon, manganese, sulphur, and phosphorus from the molten bath by means of oxidation. The use of the open hearth process had several advantages over the acid Bessemer process. Because the process used iron ore as a oxidizing agent and because heat was applied externally, the temperature of the bath was made independent of the purifying reactions and the impurities were eliminated gradually so that the temperature and composition of the molten bath was under much better control. For the same reasons, a greater variety of raw materials could be utilized, particularly scrap which was not readily consumable in the Bessemer converter, and a greater variety of products could be made. This was particularly significant at Duquesne which became an important producer of alloy steel bars for the eastern market in the United States. Another important advantage of the basic open hearth process was the increased yield of finished steel from a given quantity of pig iron, because of lower inherent iron losses and because of the recovery of the iron content of the ore used for oxidation. Finally, the greatest advantage of the open hearth over the Bessemer process was its ability to eliminate phosphorus and sulphur from the bath. This opened up vast quantities of American iron ore deposits high in phosphorus content for use in steelmaking. 1 Open Hearth Number One was located on the present site of the basic oxygen steelmaking facility. Like the Bessemer plant, its structures and equipment were laid out in such a manner as to permit a smooth and easy flow of materials. Open Hearth Number One initially consisted of a stockyard, a furnace building, a cinder yard, a skull cracker, and a mould conditioning building. The furnace building, which was the center of activity, had split level floors with the floor of the charging aisle located 9 f -0" above the floor of the pouring aisle. Twelve 50-ton capacity stationary open hearth furnaces, laid out linearly, divided the building between the charging and pouring aisles. Along the wall of the pouring aisle, opposite the furnaces, stood the teeming platform. The process began with the proportioned loading of scrap and raw materials boxes set upon flat rail cars in the stockyard which adjoined the furnace building. The proportions of scrap and raw materials used depended upon the desired grade of steel. When loading was complete, the cars were run along a narrow gauge
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seeks to develop it into an industr
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Installation Date: 1955. U.S. STEEL
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cooling tower has a capacity of 190
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* * tunnel beneath the clarifier. I
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