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• # U.S. STEEL DUQUESKE WORKS HAER NO. PA-115 (Page 109) blowdown rates were kept as close to zero as possible. 9 The combustion air and delivery system at the Duquesne blast furnace plant began as a relatively simple operation. Early additions and changes to the system were primarily aimed at increasing production and efficiency. These changes centered on the introduction and subsequent improvements of the plant's wet gas cleaning systems, the improvement of its cold blast production and delivery equipment, and improvements in hot blast stove construction. Beginning with the addition of the ferromanganese gas cleaning plant in 1953 and running through the installation of the various water treatment facilities, however, innovations to the system were increasingly driven by government imposed environmental protection policies rather than by traditional productivity concerns. During the five years preceding the shutdown of the blast furnace plant in 1984, millions of dollars were spent to change the combustion air and delivery system as a result of this latter category. ENDNOTES: l."The Duquesne Furnaces of the Carnegie Steel Co., Ltd.," The Iron Trade Review 30 (March 25, 1897): 9-10; "The Duquesne Furnace Plant of the Carnegie Steel Company, Limited," The Iron Age 59 (March 25, 1897): 9-11; Carnegie Steel Company, "General Arrangement of Blowing Engine House for 40" x 78" x 76" x 66" Engines, Drawing #1341, July 31, 1895"; "Operation of Blast Furnace Gas Engines," The Iron Age 88 (July 6, 1911): 36; and Carnegie Steel Company, "Equalizing Pipe for Furnaces No. 1 & No. 2: Drawing #1511, June 5, 1896." 2.A. N. Diehl, "The Blast Furnace Regenerative Stove," The Iron Age 89 (March 7, 1912): 580; "Operation of Blast Furnace Gas Engines," The Iron Age 88 (July 6, 1911): 36-8; A. N. Diehl, "Data Pertaining to Gas Cleaning at the Duquesne Blast Furnaces," Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers 50 (1914): 3-46; J. M. Camp and C. B. Francis, The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel. Fourth Edition, (Pittsburgh, 1925), 175- 179; A. N. Diehl, "How to Clean Blast Furnace Gas," The Iron Trade Review 54 (March 26, 1914): 590-593; "Keeping Your Furnace Gas Clean," The Iron Trade Review 54 (March 12, 1914): 516-518; J. E. Johnson Jr., Blast Furnace Construction in America, (New York, 1917), 306-27; Carnegie Steel Company, "Duquesne Works: Plant Description Book," (Duquesne, 1925), 42, 43; and Carnegie Steel Company, "General Arrangement of Piping for Gas Cleaning Plant: Drawing #6220, September 24, 1907." 3.L. E. Liddle, "Effect of Moisture Additions to the Air Delivered to Blast Furnaces," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 3 3
# U.S. STEEL DUQUESNE WORKS HAER No. PA-115 (Page 110) (August 1945): 965-70; and Harold E. McGannon, ed. , The Makingf Shaping, And Treating of Steel. Eighth Edition, (Pittsburgh, 1964) , 432-33. 4."Gas Scrubbers," Iron and Steel Engineer 29 (May 1952): 196, 198; "U. S. Steel Installing Scrubbers at Duquesne Works," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 40 (June 1952): 671; "Duquesne Streamlines Ferro Operations," U. S. Steel News 21 (July 1956): 29; C. H. Good Jr., "Ferromanganese Furnace Fumes Cleaned Successfully," The Iron Age 170 (July 8, 1954): 95-97; "Ferromanganese Cleaning Plant Starts Up on Duquesne Furnace," Iron and Steel Engineer 30 (August 1953): 136, 139; "Ferromanganese Cleaning Plant Operating at Duquesne," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 41 (September 1953): 1084, 1086; Roy Lubove, ed., Pittsburghf (New York, 1976): 213; Steve Chomanics, Blast Furnace Maintenance Foreman, July 18, 1989, interview with author conducted while touring the blast furnace plant; "Rebuilt Blast Furnace No. 3 Begins Tenth Campaign at Duquesne Works," Iron and Steel Engineer 30 (August 1953): 149; and "Ferromanganese Production Doubled," Blast Furnace and Steel Plant 41 (October 1953): 1207. 5.Ingersoll-Rand, "Operating and Maintenance Instructions for Ingersoll-Rand Blast Furnace Turbo-Blower and Additional Equipment," (New York, 1953); United States Steel Corporation, "U. S. Steel - Mon Valley Works - Duquesne Plant Property Inventory List," (Duquesne, 1984): 125; United States Steel Company, "Plans - Operating and Ground Floor - No. l Turboblower - No. 2 Blowing Room: Drawing #25288, October 9, 1951."; "Plan Intermediate Floor and Cross Section - No. 1 Turboblower - No. 2 Blowing Room: Drawing #25229, January 27, 1952."; United States Steel Corporation, "Plan - Ground and Operating Floor - No. 2 Turboblower - No. 2 Blowing Engine House: Drawing #26600, December 10, 1953."; "Cross Section - Looking East - No. 2 Turboblower - No. 2 Blowing Engine House: Drawing #26602, December 1, 1953."; "Plan - Ground and Operating Floor - No. 3 Turboblower - No. 2 Blowing Engine House: Drawing #27184, July 19, 1955."; "Cross Section - Looking East - No. 3 Turboblower - No. 2 Blowing Engine House: Drawing #27186, October 3, 1955." 6.Lubove, 214; United States Steel Corporation, "U. S. Steel - Mon Valley Works - Duquesne Property Inventory List," (Duquesne, 1984): 63; Operation Manual, Project No. 536-4366, "W. Q. C. Facilities - Blast Furnace Recycle System," (Duquesne, 1980), 2-11, 2-12; "Two Inch Sludge Lines - 90'-0" Diameter Thickener - Blast Furnace No. 6, Drawing #28217, April 22, 1957." 7.United States Steel Corporation, "Vertical Section Through Stove - Stoves 1, 2, 3, & 4 - Blast Furnace No. 4: Drawing
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construction carbon and alloy steel
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