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Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Orme, J.P. McCraren, L.G. Fowler, and J.R. Leonard. Fish Hatchery Management. Washington, DC: US Dept. Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. 1982. Rogers, G.L. and S.L. Klemetson. “Ammonia removal in selected aquaculture water reuse biofilters.” Aquacultural Engineering 4(1985): 135-154. Speece, R.E. “Management for dissolved oxygen and nitrogen in fish hatchery waters”. In: Allen, L.J. and E.C. Kinney, eds., Proceedings of the Bio-Engineering Symposium for Fish Culture., Bethesda, MD:American Fisheries Society, (1981): 53-70. Wedemeyer, G.A. Physiology of Fish in Intensive Culture Systems. New York, New York: Chapman and Hall. 1996. Westerman, P.W., T.M. Lorsordo, and M.L. Wildhaber. “Evaluation of various biofilters in an intensive recirculating fish production facility.” In: Techniques for Modern Aquaculture (Proc.), 21-23 June 1993, Spokane, WA. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. Wheaton, F.W.. Aquacultural engineering. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1977. Wheaton, F.W., J. Hochheimer, G.E. Kaiser, R.F. Malone, M.J. Krones, G.S. Libey, and C.C. Easter. “Nitrification filter design methods in Aquaculture water reuse systems: engineering design and management”. In: M.B. Timmons and T.M. Lorsordo, eds., Aquaculture water reuse systems:Engineering Design and Management. Elsevier, New York, New York, (1997):127-172. 10
Heat Budget Model for Predicting Water Temperature in Outdoor Intensive Fish Tanks Under Greenhouse Cover Introduction Arik Ashkenazi 1* ; Noam Mozes 1 ; Ido Seginer 2 1 – National Center for Mariculture, IOLR, P.O. Box 1212, Eilat, 88112, Israel 2 – Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel Intensive fish culture in Israel is generally practised in covered out door tanks. The transparent covers trap solar energy, resulting in water temperature that enables fish to overwinter successfully in northern Israel and even to achieve some growth in southern Israel. Common cover materials are semi-transparent white or green PVC and PE sheets. The objectives of this study were : (a) to examine experimentally the influence of different cover materials on tank water temperature and (b) to develop energy budget models to quantify energy fluxes in a covered tank and to predict tank water temperature. Data were collected between 1996-1999 at the experimental aquaculture research station at Genosar (northern Israel) and at the National Center for Mariculture (NCM) in Eilat (southern Israel). Two models were developed : (a) an extended dynamic model (EM), which was used to estimate the relative importance of the various energy fluxes, and (b) an equilibrium radiation model (RM), which was used to predict mean water temperatures. Experimental procedure The effect of several cover types on water temperature was studied in ten 50 m 3 concrete tanks at Genosar. Materials used were semi-transparent white or green PVC and PE sheets. The tanks were occupied by overwintering tilapia fish. All tanks had the same water exchange rate (10-50%/day, depending on the year) and the same number of paddlewheel aerators. Data were collected on an hourly basis for 3 months over three winters (1996/97 to 1998/99). These included wind speed and direction, as well as inside and outside solar radiation, air temperature and humidity. Also measured were the temperatures of the tank water, inflow water, tank cover and sky. At the NCM in Eilat, similar tests, utilizing three 100 m 3 sea water tanks for sea bream culture, were conducted in the winters of 1996/97 and 1997/98. One tank was covered with green semi-transparent PVC, another with white PVC and the third remained cover-less. All three tanks had the same high water exchange rate (240%/day) and the same number of paddlewheel aerators. The air exchange rate under the covers was determined by the tracer (here CO2) decay method (Nederhoff et al., 1985; Boulard et al., 1996). The measurements were 1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
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iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
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v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
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into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
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one above the other, reducing the
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nutritional requirements of summer
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Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
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Introduction Commercial Application
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System Performance: Nine of these r
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electrical costs reduced by more th
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Nitrate, as the final product of th
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Culture conditions On August 1, 199
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surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The co
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achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the
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ecomes possible without water repla
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tropical countries for tropical fis
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fastest absorption of nutrients fro
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Recirculation System Design; The KI
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The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
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Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
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Our largest error though was in not
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Before You Invest. In my role as a
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are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
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Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
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have projects in the planning stage
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As the upward trend for seafood dem
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and the World Health Organization (
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Abstract not available at time of p
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increase the potential for bottlene
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Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
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Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
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and the polyphenol content (Northup
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References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
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Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
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In comparison of gravity separation
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NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
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O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
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The Hatchery The hatchery supports
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in crayfish populations, disappeara
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Table 2. Summary of average flows a
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depth decreases. Improvements in tr
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Perspective on the Role of Governme
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unprecedented in the growth of a ne
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with siting and the special equipme
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disease. We need to create environm
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Introduction Implications of Total
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The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
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Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
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’ Conduct research and help devel
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Information sources for aquaculture
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Tilapia is an important fish specie
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To determine the RSE of the examine
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Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
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Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
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feeder control algorithms on a PC s
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Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
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The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
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Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
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Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
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Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
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Table 1 Summary of the tested resul
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similar disinfection efficiency. Th
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(2) UV254 transmittance was an impo
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Materials and Method Schematic draw
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the amount of added increase by pro
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Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
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the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
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daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
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At this time, the control (both tan
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yellow color, while the water in th
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Case Study: Genetic improvement of
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and human effort. This commitment m
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- Harold Kincaid works for the US F
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Figure 1. Production and selection
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Performance Comparison of Geographi
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Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
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The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
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Second, as the salmon farming indus
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Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
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Introduction Removal of Protein and
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higher superficial air velocity gre
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Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
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The ideal mean residence time was a
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A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
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tank’s dead time. When fish were
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Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
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Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
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Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
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dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
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Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
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Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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C. Maximum specific feed consumptio
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of the fish used in this experiment
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Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
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Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
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new studies begun. Daily water qual
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Development Rationale for the Use o
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Further, reduction in operating cos
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The operation of the MRBF is domina
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equired a high frequency of washing
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Several dramatically different hull
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support airlift applications. These
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Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
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The last filter media used in this
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Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
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1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
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Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
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The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
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Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
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120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
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Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
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diffused aeration. The experiments
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It needs to be pointed out that the
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ammonia removal rate was low in the
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Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
Page 244 and 245: Ammonia removal activity was increa
Page 246 and 247: Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 1
Page 248 and 249: Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
Page 250 and 251: The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
Page 252 and 253: Introduction In the Central Valley
Page 254 and 255: Each of the two recirculation syste
Page 256 and 257: Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
Page 258 and 259: usiness expectations and limited te
Page 260 and 261: needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
Page 262 and 263: sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
Page 264 and 265: In response to the large levels of
Page 266 and 267: planning at the outset will, more t
Page 268 and 269: Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
Page 270 and 271: a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
Page 272 and 273: Information flow 1. Initial concept
Page 274 and 275: achieve continuous production, faci
Page 276 and 277: Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
Page 278 and 279: The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
Page 280 and 281: Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
Page 282 and 283: (a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
Page 284 and 285: 6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
Page 286 and 287: control unit. Two distinct advantag
Page 288 and 289: the many variables that are involve
Page 290 and 291: Filtration Recirculation systems re
Page 292 and 293: 6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
Page 296 and 297: carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
Page 298 and 299: possible to predict mean monthly ta
Page 300 and 301: Recirculation Systems for Farming E
Page 302 and 303: of this pilot-system will be evalua
Page 304 and 305: Figure 2. The main screen of the en
Page 306 and 307: What: What is your business structu
Page 308 and 309: should more than offset the costs o
Page 310 and 311: • Any other documents indicating
Page 312 and 313: production projects. Once these par
Page 314 and 315: A single discharge pipe works to re
Page 316 and 317: 1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
Page 318 and 319: 2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
Page 320 and 321: Discharge pipe Number used within e
Page 322 and 323: Previous efforts by the Illinois De
Page 324 and 325: media. The water enters the filter
Page 326 and 327: Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
Page 328 and 329: References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
Page 330 and 331: Propagation and Culture of Endanger
Page 332 and 333: at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
Page 334 and 335: Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
Page 336 and 337: MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
Page 338 and 339: The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
Page 340 and 341: The Potential for the Presence of B
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organism causes disease in humans,
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Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
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Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
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Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
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Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
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ecirculating system after mortality
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Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
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disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
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The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
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This apparent interaction between t
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References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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