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nitrogen with each unit and the nitrification volume. Of the total nitrogen that was excreted by the fish, 60 % was oxidized to nitrate in the biofilter (38 % in the RBC, and 22 % in the fluidized bed filter) and another 14 % in pipes/ tank walls. In total 74 % was completely nitrified from ammonia to nitrate, and was eventually removed as nitrogen gas in the denitrification unit (Fig.3). Fig. 3. The process rate of the nitrogen (excrement, ammonia nitrogen) that a fish excreted. Furthermore, the remaining 26 % was trapped as solids (excrement) of which 19 % through the ECO-TRAP sludge collector and 7 % from the drum filter settling tank, and eliminated from the system. Uneaten feed and the solid excrement will not affect water quality immediately. However, after some time, decomposition of the organic and protein material will produce noxious substances. Therefore, the early elimination of uneaten feed and excrement is clearly shown to reduce the load to the biofilter. Denitrification Fluidized bed filter 22% Other 14% Tap water was used as the source for this experiment, and so there may have been few denitrification bacteria available in the system water. Also the system condition was kept completely aerobic with few organic deposits via stringent solids and mechanical filtration. In this environment anaerobic denitrification bacteria will not breed easily. (Dissolved oxygen concentration of the RBC influent, 7.61±0.13mg/l, n=4) Therefore, until a denitrification unit was installed, it was considered that denitrification didn't occur. Though glucose was added after denitrification unit installation and small bacterial colonies appeared in the denitrification unit, denitrification did not proceed. Heterotrophic bacteria, other than denitrification bacteria multiplied with the addition of the glucose. Therefore, it was assumed that the preferential growth of denitrification bacteria was obstructed. Eventually, with the addition of methanol, NO3-N concentration 7 RBC 38% Sludge collector 19% Drum filter 7%
achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the last 65 days, and pH and alkalinity increased greatly, requiring pH adjustment. It is already known that alkalinity rises from denitrification (Jeris and Owens, 1975). If the denitrification unit was installed since the culture initiation, the total consumption of pH adjusting chemicals can reduces and the denitrification unit can be miniaturized more. The relation of the accumulation of the nitrate and the water interchange The change of the nitrate nitrogen concentration when denitrification isn't done, and effect by the replacement water were modeled by using the excretory rate of the nitrogen obtained from this experiment. A calculation condition is shown in table 2. The nitrogen volume that it is excreted by a fish is shown as follows. Wfi Fri × Fcri × Pf × Nf × Eer × Ednr × Nr Wni = × 1000 100 Table 2. Characteristics and value of calculation condition Parameters Value Unit Total body weight on day i Wfi Wf1=10 Wf365=5000 kg Feeding rate on day i Fri 1 % Food consumption rate on day i Fcri 100 % Protein content in feed Pf 48 % Nitrogen content in Protein Nf 16 % Excretory rate of the nitrogen Eer 47 % Dissolved nitrogen rate of the excrement Ednr 74 % Nitrification rate for one day Nr 100 % Weight of nitrate nitrogen on day i Wni g Total volume of system water Tw 130,000 l Nitrogen concentration on day i Cni mg/l Replacement water rate per day X 0-10 % When the replacement water rate was X per day, Nitrate nitrogen concentration on i day is shown at the next equation. 8 (1)
Page 1 and 2: TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
Page 3 and 4: iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
Page 5 and 6: v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
Page 7 and 8: into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
Page 9 and 10: one above the other, reducing the
Page 11 and 12: nutritional requirements of summer
Page 13 and 14: Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Commercial Application
Page 17 and 18: System Performance: Nine of these r
Page 19 and 20: electrical costs reduced by more th
Page 21 and 22: Nitrate, as the final product of th
Page 23 and 24: Culture conditions On August 1, 199
Page 25: surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The co
Page 29 and 30: ecomes possible without water repla
Page 31 and 32: tropical countries for tropical fis
Page 33 and 34: fastest absorption of nutrients fro
Page 35 and 36: Recirculation System Design; The KI
Page 37 and 38: The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
Page 39 and 40: Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
Page 41 and 42: Our largest error though was in not
Page 43 and 44: Before You Invest. In my role as a
Page 45 and 46: are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
Page 47 and 48: Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
Page 49 and 50: have projects in the planning stage
Page 51 and 52: As the upward trend for seafood dem
Page 53 and 54: and the World Health Organization (
Page 55 and 56: Abstract not available at time of p
Page 57 and 58: increase the potential for bottlene
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
Page 61 and 62: Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
Page 63 and 64: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
Page 65 and 66: and the polyphenol content (Northup
Page 67 and 68: References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
Page 69 and 70: Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
Page 71 and 72: In comparison of gravity separation
Page 73 and 74: NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
Page 75 and 76: O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
Page 78 and 79:
The Hatchery The hatchery supports
Page 80 and 81:
in crayfish populations, disappeara
Page 82 and 83:
Table 2. Summary of average flows a
Page 84 and 85:
depth decreases. Improvements in tr
Page 86 and 87:
Perspective on the Role of Governme
Page 88 and 89:
unprecedented in the growth of a ne
Page 90 and 91:
with siting and the special equipme
Page 92 and 93:
disease. We need to create environm
Page 94 and 95:
Introduction Implications of Total
Page 96 and 97:
The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
Page 98 and 99:
Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
Page 100 and 101:
’ Conduct research and help devel
Page 102 and 103:
Information sources for aquaculture
Page 104 and 105:
Tilapia is an important fish specie
Page 106 and 107:
To determine the RSE of the examine
Page 108 and 109:
Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
Page 110 and 111:
Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
Page 112 and 113:
feeder control algorithms on a PC s
Page 114 and 115:
Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
Page 116 and 117:
The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
Page 118 and 119:
Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
Page 120 and 121:
Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
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Table 1 Summary of the tested resul
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similar disinfection efficiency. Th
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(2) UV254 transmittance was an impo
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Materials and Method Schematic draw
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the amount of added increase by pro
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Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
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the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
Page 138 and 139:
daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
Page 140 and 141:
At this time, the control (both tan
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yellow color, while the water in th
Page 144 and 145:
Case Study: Genetic improvement of
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and human effort. This commitment m
Page 148 and 149:
- Harold Kincaid works for the US F
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Figure 1. Production and selection
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Performance Comparison of Geographi
Page 154 and 155:
Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
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The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
Page 158 and 159:
Second, as the salmon farming indus
Page 160 and 161:
Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
Page 162 and 163:
Introduction Removal of Protein and
Page 164 and 165:
higher superficial air velocity gre
Page 166 and 167:
Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
Page 168 and 169:
The ideal mean residence time was a
Page 170 and 171:
A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
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tank’s dead time. When fish were
Page 174 and 175:
Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
Page 176 and 177:
Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
Page 178 and 179:
Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
Page 180 and 181:
dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
Page 182 and 183:
Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
Page 184 and 185:
Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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C. Maximum specific feed consumptio
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of the fish used in this experiment
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Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
Page 202 and 203:
Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
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new studies begun. Daily water qual
Page 206 and 207:
Development Rationale for the Use o
Page 208 and 209:
Further, reduction in operating cos
Page 210 and 211:
The operation of the MRBF is domina
Page 212 and 213:
equired a high frequency of washing
Page 214 and 215:
Several dramatically different hull
Page 216 and 217:
support airlift applications. These
Page 218 and 219:
Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
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The last filter media used in this
Page 222 and 223:
Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
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1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
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Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
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The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
Page 230 and 231:
Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
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120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
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Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
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diffused aeration. The experiments
Page 238 and 239:
It needs to be pointed out that the
Page 240 and 241:
ammonia removal rate was low in the
Page 242 and 243:
Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
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Ammonia removal activity was increa
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Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 1
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Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
Page 250 and 251:
The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
Page 252 and 253:
Introduction In the Central Valley
Page 254 and 255:
Each of the two recirculation syste
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Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
Page 258 and 259:
usiness expectations and limited te
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needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
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sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
Page 264 and 265:
In response to the large levels of
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planning at the outset will, more t
Page 268 and 269:
Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
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a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
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Information flow 1. Initial concept
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achieve continuous production, faci
Page 276 and 277:
Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
Page 278 and 279:
The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
Page 280 and 281:
Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
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(a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
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6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
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control unit. Two distinct advantag
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the many variables that are involve
Page 290 and 291:
Filtration Recirculation systems re
Page 292 and 293:
6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
Page 294 and 295:
Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Or
Page 296 and 297:
carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
Page 298 and 299:
possible to predict mean monthly ta
Page 300 and 301:
Recirculation Systems for Farming E
Page 302 and 303:
of this pilot-system will be evalua
Page 304 and 305:
Figure 2. The main screen of the en
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What: What is your business structu
Page 308 and 309:
should more than offset the costs o
Page 310 and 311:
• Any other documents indicating
Page 312 and 313:
production projects. Once these par
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A single discharge pipe works to re
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1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
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2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
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Discharge pipe Number used within e
Page 322 and 323:
Previous efforts by the Illinois De
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media. The water enters the filter
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Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
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References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
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Propagation and Culture of Endanger
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at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
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Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
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MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
Page 338 and 339:
The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
Page 340 and 341:
The Potential for the Presence of B
Page 342 and 343:
The main advantage for microorganis
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organism causes disease in humans,
Page 346 and 347:
Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
Page 348 and 349:
Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
Page 350 and 351:
Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
Page 352 and 353:
Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
Page 356 and 357:
ecirculating system after mortality
Page 358 and 359:
Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
Page 360 and 361:
disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
Page 362 and 363:
The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
Page 364 and 365:
This apparent interaction between t
Page 366:
References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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