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Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 10 8 6 4 2 6.12hrs 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Figure 2. Ammonia removal profile in seawater Figure 3. Change of ammonia removal rate nitrification process with immobilized and efficiency of immobilized nitrifier in nitrifier by changing HRT seawater nitrification process with airlift bioreactor by changing HRT Reference 3.47hrs 1.54hrs Operating Time (Days) Influent conc. HRT Effluent conc. 1.01hrs 0.90hrs 0.80hrs 0.70hrs 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Hydrauric Residence Time (Hours) Bower, C. E., and D. T. Turner. “Accelerated nitrification in new seawater culture systems.” Aquaculture. 24(1981):1-9 Furukwa, K., A. Ike, S. Ryu, and M. Fujita. “Nitrification of NH4-N polluted seawater by immobilized acclimated marine nitrifying sludge (AMNS).” J. Ferment. Bioeng. 76. (1993): 515-520. Huguenin, J. E., and J. Colt. Design and operating guide for aquaculture seawater systems. Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science (ed. by J. E. Huguenin and J. Colt). Elservier. Amsterdam. Oxford. New York. Tokyo. 20. p.168-170. 1989. Susumu, H., and K. Furukawa. “Immobilization of activated sludge by PVA-boric acid method.” Biotech. and Bioeng. 30(1987):52-59. 4 Ammonia Removal Rate + 3 (g NH4 -N/m /day) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hydrauric Residence Time (Hours) Removal rate Efficiency 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Ammonia Removal Efficiency (%)
Recirculating Systems for Maintenance and Propagation of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) William F. Henley, Lora L. Zimmerman, Mark R. Kidd, and Richard J. Neves Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 whenley@vt.edu. Air driven recirculating systems, an automated feeding system for delivery of algae, and water conditioning and air delivery systems have been developed and tested for the maintenance and propagation of freshwater mussels at the Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Virginia Tech. The twelve-350 L, one-200 L, and twelve-145 L air-driven recirculating trough systems are powered by a 1 hp air blower creating water outputs of 44.3 L/min. Over an 8-week period, water quality virtually did not change in 350 L experimental units that contained 200 mussels (160 mussels/m 2 ). The means and standard deviations of concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), NH3, NO2, and NO3 in the experimental units over the 8-week period were 0.10 mg/L (0.07), 0.02 mg/L (0.01), 0.01 mg/L (0.005), and 2.7 mg/L (0.7), respectively. The means and standard deviations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and percentage saturation DO in these treatment units over the same period were 7.8 mg/L (0.6) and 83.4% (4.5), respectively. All systems have been successful in long-term holding of adult and juvenile mussels. Over 2,000 animals of 25 species of adult freshwater mussels have been held over a 3 year period with an approximate mortality of 4%. In addition, fertilization and hermaphroditic shifts in mussels have been observed in these systems. Algae is cultured in Kalwall tubes and pumped to treatment units via PVC pipes and timed solenoid valves. Designs for water conditioning and air delivery systems are also discussed in the presentation. 1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
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iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
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v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
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into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
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one above the other, reducing the
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nutritional requirements of summer
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Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
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Introduction Commercial Application
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System Performance: Nine of these r
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electrical costs reduced by more th
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Nitrate, as the final product of th
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Culture conditions On August 1, 199
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surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The co
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achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the
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ecomes possible without water repla
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tropical countries for tropical fis
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fastest absorption of nutrients fro
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Recirculation System Design; The KI
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The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
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Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
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Our largest error though was in not
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Before You Invest. In my role as a
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are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
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Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
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have projects in the planning stage
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As the upward trend for seafood dem
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and the World Health Organization (
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Abstract not available at time of p
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increase the potential for bottlene
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Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
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Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
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and the polyphenol content (Northup
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References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
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Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
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In comparison of gravity separation
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NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
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O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
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The Hatchery The hatchery supports
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in crayfish populations, disappeara
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Table 2. Summary of average flows a
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depth decreases. Improvements in tr
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Perspective on the Role of Governme
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unprecedented in the growth of a ne
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with siting and the special equipme
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disease. We need to create environm
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Introduction Implications of Total
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The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
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Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
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’ Conduct research and help devel
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Information sources for aquaculture
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Tilapia is an important fish specie
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To determine the RSE of the examine
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Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
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Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
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feeder control algorithms on a PC s
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Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
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The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
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Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
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Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
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Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
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Table 1 Summary of the tested resul
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similar disinfection efficiency. Th
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(2) UV254 transmittance was an impo
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Materials and Method Schematic draw
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the amount of added increase by pro
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Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
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the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
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daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
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At this time, the control (both tan
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yellow color, while the water in th
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Case Study: Genetic improvement of
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and human effort. This commitment m
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- Harold Kincaid works for the US F
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Figure 1. Production and selection
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Performance Comparison of Geographi
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Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
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The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
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Second, as the salmon farming indus
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Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
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Introduction Removal of Protein and
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higher superficial air velocity gre
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Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
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The ideal mean residence time was a
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A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
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tank’s dead time. When fish were
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Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
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Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
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Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
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dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
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Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
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Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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Page 198 and 199: of the fish used in this experiment
Page 200 and 201: Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
Page 202 and 203: Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
Page 204 and 205: new studies begun. Daily water qual
Page 206 and 207: Development Rationale for the Use o
Page 208 and 209: Further, reduction in operating cos
Page 210 and 211: The operation of the MRBF is domina
Page 212 and 213: equired a high frequency of washing
Page 214 and 215: Several dramatically different hull
Page 216 and 217: support airlift applications. These
Page 218 and 219: Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
Page 220 and 221: The last filter media used in this
Page 222 and 223: Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
Page 224 and 225: 1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
Page 226 and 227: Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
Page 228 and 229: The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
Page 230 and 231: Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
Page 232 and 233: 120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
Page 234 and 235: Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
Page 236 and 237: diffused aeration. The experiments
Page 238 and 239: It needs to be pointed out that the
Page 240 and 241: ammonia removal rate was low in the
Page 242 and 243: Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
Page 244 and 245: Ammonia removal activity was increa
Page 248 and 249: Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
Page 250 and 251: The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
Page 252 and 253: Introduction In the Central Valley
Page 254 and 255: Each of the two recirculation syste
Page 256 and 257: Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
Page 258 and 259: usiness expectations and limited te
Page 260 and 261: needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
Page 262 and 263: sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
Page 264 and 265: In response to the large levels of
Page 266 and 267: planning at the outset will, more t
Page 268 and 269: Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
Page 270 and 271: a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
Page 272 and 273: Information flow 1. Initial concept
Page 274 and 275: achieve continuous production, faci
Page 276 and 277: Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
Page 278 and 279: The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
Page 280 and 281: Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
Page 282 and 283: (a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
Page 284 and 285: 6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
Page 286 and 287: control unit. Two distinct advantag
Page 288 and 289: the many variables that are involve
Page 290 and 291: Filtration Recirculation systems re
Page 292 and 293: 6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
Page 294 and 295: Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Or
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carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
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possible to predict mean monthly ta
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Recirculation Systems for Farming E
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of this pilot-system will be evalua
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Figure 2. The main screen of the en
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What: What is your business structu
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should more than offset the costs o
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• Any other documents indicating
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production projects. Once these par
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A single discharge pipe works to re
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1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
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2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
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Discharge pipe Number used within e
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Previous efforts by the Illinois De
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media. The water enters the filter
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Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
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References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
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Propagation and Culture of Endanger
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at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
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Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
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MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
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The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
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The Potential for the Presence of B
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The main advantage for microorganis
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organism causes disease in humans,
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Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
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Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
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Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
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Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
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ecirculating system after mortality
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Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
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disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
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The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
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This apparent interaction between t
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References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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