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ecame 2.47 l. Dissolved oxygen (DO) averaged 103.5±3.0 % (n=365, 95.7-135.1 %) of the saturation values, and well controlled to the target level. (100 %). Salinity concentration became mean 7.4±0.3 ‰ (n=162, 6.8-8.6 ‰). The mean total ammonia nitrogen NH4-N concentration was 0.18±0.07 mg/l (n=358, ND (no detection)-0.36 mg/l, ND
surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The concentration relationship was 0.47 mg-N/mg-CH3OH and alkalinity production was 0.045 meq/mg-NO3-N (Yoshino et al., 1999). Intensive replacement of water was not undertaken with this system. However, an average of 10 l (0.5 % of the total water volume) were added per day as make-up for water lost with the dumping of the sludge from the sludge collectors and evaporation. The nutrient process rate of each unit The average food consumption weight per hour, and nitrogen process volume as ammonia and excrement with each unit are shown in Table 1. As for total food consumption weight per day mean 188.5±11.7 g (n=4175, 5-203.3 g), provisioning time was 18 hours/day. The food consumption rate was 10.5g/h, and the nitrogen ingestion rate of 744±46 mg-N/h was calculated. Of ingested nitrogen, 12 % was trapped in solids such as excrement. 28 % was oxidized to nitrate in the biofilter and another 7 % in pipes/ tank walls, and both were eventually removed as nitrogen gas. Table 1. Mass balance of nitrogen, production and consumption rates in the closed recirculating aquaculture system for pejerrey* 1 Parameter Consumed nitrogen* 2 Feed Feces Ammonia Sludge collector Drum filter RBC 6 Fluidizedbed filter Others Nitrogen 3 744±46 66±36 23±9 133±52 77±42 50±38 (mg-N/h) * ( % ) 100 9 3 18 10 7 * 1 Total body weight : 38.5kg, body weight : 109.1 37.8g (Mean S.D., n=353) . * 2 Feed consumption rates : 10.5 0.65g/h (Mean S.D., n=4), protein content in feed : 48%, nitrogen content in feed : 7.1% (Nippon Formula Feed MFG. EP NO.4 for juvenile Japanese flounder). * 3 Mean S.D., n=4. Discussion The nitrogen purification mechanism of this system Major nitrogenous matter that it is excreted into the water by fish is ammonia, urea and solid excrement of undigested feed. Then, urea is degraded promptly in the water, where it becomes ammonia and carbon dioxide (Colt and Tchobanoglous, 1976). 47 % of ingested nitrogen was excreted and the remaining 53 % was assumed to taken up in fish and bacterial biomass. The purification mechanism of this system was considered from the trapped amount of
Page 1 and 2: TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
Page 3 and 4: iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
Page 5 and 6: v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
Page 7 and 8: into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
Page 9 and 10: one above the other, reducing the
Page 11 and 12: nutritional requirements of summer
Page 13 and 14: Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Commercial Application
Page 17 and 18: System Performance: Nine of these r
Page 19 and 20: electrical costs reduced by more th
Page 21 and 22: Nitrate, as the final product of th
Page 23: Culture conditions On August 1, 199
Page 27 and 28: achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the
Page 29 and 30: ecomes possible without water repla
Page 31 and 32: tropical countries for tropical fis
Page 33 and 34: fastest absorption of nutrients fro
Page 35 and 36: Recirculation System Design; The KI
Page 37 and 38: The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
Page 39 and 40: Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
Page 41 and 42: Our largest error though was in not
Page 43 and 44: Before You Invest. In my role as a
Page 45 and 46: are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
Page 47 and 48: Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
Page 49 and 50: have projects in the planning stage
Page 51 and 52: As the upward trend for seafood dem
Page 53 and 54: and the World Health Organization (
Page 55 and 56: Abstract not available at time of p
Page 57 and 58: increase the potential for bottlene
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
Page 61 and 62: Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
Page 63 and 64: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
Page 65 and 66: and the polyphenol content (Northup
Page 67 and 68: References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
Page 69 and 70: Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
Page 71 and 72: In comparison of gravity separation
Page 73 and 74: NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
Page 75 and 76:
O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
Page 78 and 79:
The Hatchery The hatchery supports
Page 80 and 81:
in crayfish populations, disappeara
Page 82 and 83:
Table 2. Summary of average flows a
Page 84 and 85:
depth decreases. Improvements in tr
Page 86 and 87:
Perspective on the Role of Governme
Page 88 and 89:
unprecedented in the growth of a ne
Page 90 and 91:
with siting and the special equipme
Page 92 and 93:
disease. We need to create environm
Page 94 and 95:
Introduction Implications of Total
Page 96 and 97:
The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
Page 98 and 99:
Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
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’ Conduct research and help devel
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Information sources for aquaculture
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Tilapia is an important fish specie
Page 106 and 107:
To determine the RSE of the examine
Page 108 and 109:
Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
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Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
Page 112 and 113:
feeder control algorithms on a PC s
Page 114 and 115:
Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
Page 116 and 117:
The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
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Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
Page 120 and 121:
Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
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Table 1 Summary of the tested resul
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similar disinfection efficiency. Th
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(2) UV254 transmittance was an impo
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Materials and Method Schematic draw
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the amount of added increase by pro
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Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
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the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
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daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
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At this time, the control (both tan
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yellow color, while the water in th
Page 144 and 145:
Case Study: Genetic improvement of
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and human effort. This commitment m
Page 148 and 149:
- Harold Kincaid works for the US F
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Figure 1. Production and selection
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Performance Comparison of Geographi
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Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
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The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
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Second, as the salmon farming indus
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Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
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Introduction Removal of Protein and
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higher superficial air velocity gre
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Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
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The ideal mean residence time was a
Page 170 and 171:
A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
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tank’s dead time. When fish were
Page 174 and 175:
Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
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Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
Page 178 and 179:
Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
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dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
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Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
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Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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C. Maximum specific feed consumptio
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of the fish used in this experiment
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Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
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Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
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new studies begun. Daily water qual
Page 206 and 207:
Development Rationale for the Use o
Page 208 and 209:
Further, reduction in operating cos
Page 210 and 211:
The operation of the MRBF is domina
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equired a high frequency of washing
Page 214 and 215:
Several dramatically different hull
Page 216 and 217:
support airlift applications. These
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Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
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The last filter media used in this
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Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
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1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
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Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
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The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
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Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
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120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
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Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
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diffused aeration. The experiments
Page 238 and 239:
It needs to be pointed out that the
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ammonia removal rate was low in the
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Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
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Ammonia removal activity was increa
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Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 1
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Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
Page 250 and 251:
The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
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Introduction In the Central Valley
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Each of the two recirculation syste
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Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
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usiness expectations and limited te
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needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
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sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
Page 264 and 265:
In response to the large levels of
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planning at the outset will, more t
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Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
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a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
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Information flow 1. Initial concept
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achieve continuous production, faci
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Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
Page 278 and 279:
The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
Page 280 and 281:
Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
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(a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
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6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
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control unit. Two distinct advantag
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the many variables that are involve
Page 290 and 291:
Filtration Recirculation systems re
Page 292 and 293:
6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
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Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Or
Page 296 and 297:
carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
Page 298 and 299:
possible to predict mean monthly ta
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Recirculation Systems for Farming E
Page 302 and 303:
of this pilot-system will be evalua
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Figure 2. The main screen of the en
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What: What is your business structu
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should more than offset the costs o
Page 310 and 311:
• Any other documents indicating
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production projects. Once these par
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A single discharge pipe works to re
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1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
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2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
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Discharge pipe Number used within e
Page 322 and 323:
Previous efforts by the Illinois De
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media. The water enters the filter
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Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
Page 328 and 329:
References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
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Propagation and Culture of Endanger
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at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
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Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
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MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
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The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
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The Potential for the Presence of B
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The main advantage for microorganis
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organism causes disease in humans,
Page 346 and 347:
Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
Page 348 and 349:
Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
Page 350 and 351:
Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
Page 352 and 353:
Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
Page 356 and 357:
ecirculating system after mortality
Page 358 and 359:
Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
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disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
Page 362 and 363:
The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
Page 364 and 365:
This apparent interaction between t
Page 366:
References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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