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One group of Yellow Perch has been reared in these systems. 10,000 Yellow Perch (1 g) were stocked into a nursery tank (800gal.) at day 28 they weighed 4.2 g and were transferred to a cage in the grow-out system (1,400gal.). At day 102, 9000 Yellow Perch, at 25.6 g, were transferred from the cage to the open recirculating system. Shortly after releasing the fish from the cage approximately 3,000 were lost when pump screens failed and the pump propellers killed the fish. At day 240 these Yellow Perch averaged, 129g, and weekly harvests of fish over 8 inches began. Tanks density was 0.27lb./gal, and a total weight of fish harvested from the tank at day 270 was 1,855 lb. During the grow-out period Yellow Perch were fed a 45% protein diet (Purina Mills, Inc., St. Louis, MO), and 42% protein diet at an average rate of 15.6 lb./day (Table 1). Yellow Perch had a feed conversion rate of 1.54 over the entire culture time. Temperature was maintained at 21.5 C, with an average oxygen concentration of 7.3 mg/l. As shown in table 1, TAN and nitrite levels were 1.1 mg/l and 0.6 mg/l, respectively. Unfortunately, the Yellow Perch were not stocked at a density high enough to determine the limiting factor that may have decreased their feeding or growth rate. From their performance in this initial grow-out the system should handle stocking as high as 20,000 Yellow Perch with a maximum feeding rate of 40lb./day. Cost Analysis: The main emphasis of the design of this recirculating system is to decrease electrical cost. This is the second complete recirculating system designed by AMI, the first one also utilized a high recirculation rate but required three two horsepower pumps to move the water (Bradley and Blythe, 1998). Table 2 shows estimates of the variable operating cost for Tilapia reared in the system described in this paper, the older AMI system and another recirculating system (Lasorda, et. al. 1991). The new recirculating raceway does have Table 2: Variable operating expenses for Tilapia culture in three different recirculating systems. AMI New System AMI Old System Lasorda, et. al. 1991 Direct Operating Exp. Cents/lb. % of Cost Cents/lb. % of Cost Cents/lb. % of Cost Feed 30 38 26 30 26.1 24 Electricity 8 10 20 23 16.8 15 Heating 1 1 1.5 2 3.3 3 Liquid Oxygen 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labor 5 6 5 6 16.9 15 Fry 11 14 10 11 9.6 9 Depreciation 15 19 15 17 18.2 1 Maintenance 5 6 5 6 9.4 9 Miscellaneous 5 6 5 6 10 9 Total Cost per lb. $ 0.80 $ 0.88 $ 1.10 4
electrical costs reduced by more than half compared to the older system. Both AMI systems are able to reduce costs of production by reducing labor, because the system can be operated by one person and weekly harvesting requires only two personnel, and liquid oxygen and further filtering are not required. Conclusion: This low head – high volume, recirculating system design successfully rears fish at high densities (0.8 LB./gal). AMI has designed a simple, easily maintained, high efficiency system that is capable of maintaining water quality suitable for both Tilapia and Yellow Perch. All of this accomplished with a vacuum style drum filter, air-turned RBCs, and two multifunctional pumps. The addition of the newly designed biofilters should allow for an increase in the feeding rate, increasing the total production. References: Bradley, J. and W. G. Blythe. 1998. The Aqua-Manna Experience. Presented at the Second International Conference on Recirqulating Aquaculture, July 16-19, 1998, Virginia Polytechnic and State University. Lasorda, T. M. and P. W. Westerman. 1991. An Analysis of Biological, Economic, and Engineering Factors Effecting the Cost of Fish Production in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Presented at Workshop on Design of High Density Recirculating Aquaculture Systems, Sept. 25-27, 1991, Louisiana State University. 5
Page 1 and 2: TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
Page 3 and 4: iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
Page 5 and 6: v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
Page 7 and 8: into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
Page 9 and 10: one above the other, reducing the
Page 11 and 12: nutritional requirements of summer
Page 13 and 14: Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Commercial Application
Page 17: System Performance: Nine of these r
Page 21 and 22: Nitrate, as the final product of th
Page 23 and 24: Culture conditions On August 1, 199
Page 25 and 26: surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The co
Page 27 and 28: achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the
Page 29 and 30: ecomes possible without water repla
Page 31 and 32: tropical countries for tropical fis
Page 33 and 34: fastest absorption of nutrients fro
Page 35 and 36: Recirculation System Design; The KI
Page 37 and 38: The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
Page 39 and 40: Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
Page 41 and 42: Our largest error though was in not
Page 43 and 44: Before You Invest. In my role as a
Page 45 and 46: are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
Page 47 and 48: Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
Page 49 and 50: have projects in the planning stage
Page 51 and 52: As the upward trend for seafood dem
Page 53 and 54: and the World Health Organization (
Page 55 and 56: Abstract not available at time of p
Page 57 and 58: increase the potential for bottlene
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
Page 61 and 62: Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
Page 63 and 64: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
Page 65 and 66: and the polyphenol content (Northup
Page 67 and 68: References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
Page 69 and 70:
Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
Page 71 and 72:
In comparison of gravity separation
Page 73 and 74:
NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
Page 75 and 76:
O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
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The Hatchery The hatchery supports
Page 80 and 81:
in crayfish populations, disappeara
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Table 2. Summary of average flows a
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depth decreases. Improvements in tr
Page 86 and 87:
Perspective on the Role of Governme
Page 88 and 89:
unprecedented in the growth of a ne
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with siting and the special equipme
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disease. We need to create environm
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Introduction Implications of Total
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The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
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Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
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’ Conduct research and help devel
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Information sources for aquaculture
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Tilapia is an important fish specie
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To determine the RSE of the examine
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Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
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Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
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feeder control algorithms on a PC s
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Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
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The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
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Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
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Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
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Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
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Table 1 Summary of the tested resul
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similar disinfection efficiency. Th
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(2) UV254 transmittance was an impo
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Materials and Method Schematic draw
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the amount of added increase by pro
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Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
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the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
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daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
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At this time, the control (both tan
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yellow color, while the water in th
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Case Study: Genetic improvement of
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and human effort. This commitment m
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- Harold Kincaid works for the US F
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Figure 1. Production and selection
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Performance Comparison of Geographi
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Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
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The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
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Second, as the salmon farming indus
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Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
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Introduction Removal of Protein and
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higher superficial air velocity gre
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Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
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The ideal mean residence time was a
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A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
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tank’s dead time. When fish were
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Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
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Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
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Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
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dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
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Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
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Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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C. Maximum specific feed consumptio
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of the fish used in this experiment
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Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
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Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
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new studies begun. Daily water qual
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Development Rationale for the Use o
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Further, reduction in operating cos
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The operation of the MRBF is domina
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equired a high frequency of washing
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Several dramatically different hull
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support airlift applications. These
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Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
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The last filter media used in this
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Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
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1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
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Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
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The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
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Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
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120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
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Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
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diffused aeration. The experiments
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It needs to be pointed out that the
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ammonia removal rate was low in the
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Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
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Ammonia removal activity was increa
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Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 1
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Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
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The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
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Introduction In the Central Valley
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Each of the two recirculation syste
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Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
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usiness expectations and limited te
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needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
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sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
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In response to the large levels of
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planning at the outset will, more t
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Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
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a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
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Information flow 1. Initial concept
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achieve continuous production, faci
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Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
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The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
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Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
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(a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
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6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
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control unit. Two distinct advantag
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the many variables that are involve
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Filtration Recirculation systems re
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6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
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Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Or
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carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
Page 298 and 299:
possible to predict mean monthly ta
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Recirculation Systems for Farming E
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of this pilot-system will be evalua
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Figure 2. The main screen of the en
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What: What is your business structu
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should more than offset the costs o
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• Any other documents indicating
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production projects. Once these par
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A single discharge pipe works to re
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1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
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2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
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Discharge pipe Number used within e
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Previous efforts by the Illinois De
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media. The water enters the filter
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Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
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References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
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Propagation and Culture of Endanger
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at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
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Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
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MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
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The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
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The Potential for the Presence of B
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The main advantage for microorganis
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organism causes disease in humans,
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Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
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Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
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Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
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Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
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ecirculating system after mortality
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Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
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disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
Page 362 and 363:
The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
Page 364 and 365:
This apparent interaction between t
Page 366:
References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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