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(2) UV254 transmittance was an important factor affecting the disinfection efficiency of UV units. A high UV254 transmittance generally resulted in a high disinfection efficiency, but the increment of efficiency was not obvious for a low power UV unit working at a high flow rate (e.g., 25 W UV unit at 2.52 l/s flow rate). (3) To obtain high disinfection efficiency, maintaining a sufficient flow rate was necessary for a recirculating UV disinfection system, especially for a high power UV unit working with low UV transmittance wastewater. Acknowledgements This study was funded by a grant from the Saltonstall-Kennedy Program, National Marine Fisheries Service, Award Number NA76FD0300. The authors thank Shauna Mason and Michael Martin for assisting in sample collection and analysis. References APHA, 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th edition). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC. Darby, J.L., Snider, K.E., Tchobanoglous, G., 1993. Ultraviolet disinfection for wastewater reclamation and reuse subject to restrictive standards. Water Environment Research 65 (2): 169-180. Downey, D., Giles, D.K., Delwiche, M.J., MacDonald, J.D., 1998. Development and validation of a general model for predicting biological efficacy of UV reactors against plant pathogens in irrigation water. Transactions of the ASAE 41 (3): 849-857. Emerick, R.W., Loge, F.J., Thompson, D., Darby, J.L., 1999. Factors influencing ultraviolet disinfection performance part II: association of coliform bacteria with wastewater particles. Water Environment Research 71 (6): 1178-1187. Hanzon, B.D., Vigilia, R., 1999. UV disinfection. Wastewater Technology 2 (3): 24-28. Ho, C.H., Pitt, P., Mamais, D., Chiu, C., and Jolis, D., 1998. Evaluation of UV disinfection systems for large-scale secondary effluent. Water Environment Research 70 (6): 1142-1150. Johnson, J.D., Qualls, R.G., 1984. Ultraviolet disinfection of a secondary effluent: measurement of dose and effects of filtration. EPA-600/S2-84-160, U. S. EPA, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 8 pp. Moreland, V., Asahina, A., Unutoa, T., Fujioka, R., 1998. UV disinfection: to pilot or not to pilot. Water Environment and technology 10 (6): 47-51. Nieuwstad, T.J., Havelaar, A.H., van Olphen, M., 1991. Hydraulic and microbiological characterization of reactors for ultraviolet disinfection of secondary wastewater effluent. Water Research 25 (7): 775-783. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986. Design manual: municipal wastewater disinfection. EPA/625/1-86/021, Office of Research and Development, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, pp.157-244. 9
Effects of Baffle Depth on Oxygenation at the Pumping Station of Intensive Bioproduction Korean (IBK) Recirculating Aquaculture System Introduction Jae-Yoon Jo Professor of Aquaculture, Department of Aquaculture Pukyong National University, Pusan 608-737, Korea In-Bae Kim Professor Emeritus Pukyong National University Pusan 608-737 Korea Jin Hwan Lee Graduate Student Department of Aquaculture Pukyong National University Pusan, 608-737 Korea 1 Jeonghwan Park Graduate Student Pukyong National University Pusan 608-737, Korea Kuen-Hack Suh Professor of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University Pusan, 608-707 Korea Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important water quality parameters for aquaculture and maintaining proper concentration in a high density recirculating aquaculture system is always important for both fish and nitrifiers. Therefore a variety of aeration devices are employed or pure oxygen is applied in the culture system. But extra energy or cost is needed to operate the aeration devices or to supply the pure oxygen. Their efficiency is varying but all devices have to add up to the production costs. It is known that cost of oxygen supply is highest in the total expenditure of aquaculture except for feed cost. The percentage of aeration cost to the total expenditure in rainbow trout culture, hatchery, and recirculating aquaculture was 13-15%, 23% (Petit 1990), and 8.6%(Timmons and Aho 1998), respectively. Therefore proper devices have to be selected for the reduction of production cost. In the Intensive Bioproduction Korean (IBK) recirculating aquaculture system, circulating pump(s) also supplies oxygen into water while circulating the water. Since a lot of bubbles are formed in the pumping process, oxygen is easily transferred to the water. The efficiency of oxygen transfer ratio (OTR) is positively related with contact time between bubbles and water but is negatively related with bubble size. Water temperature also affects the saturation point of oxygen. Therefore, OTR and aeration effectiveness (AE) were compared with the combinations of two different water temperatures (20 o C and 30 o C) and 4 different baffle depths (0, 50, 100, and 150 cm) at the IBK recirculating aquaculture system to check the effect of temperatures and baffle depths on OTR and AE. .
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TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
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iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
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v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
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into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
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one above the other, reducing the
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nutritional requirements of summer
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Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
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Introduction Commercial Application
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System Performance: Nine of these r
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electrical costs reduced by more th
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Nitrate, as the final product of th
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Culture conditions On August 1, 199
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surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The co
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achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the
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ecomes possible without water repla
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tropical countries for tropical fis
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fastest absorption of nutrients fro
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Recirculation System Design; The KI
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The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
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Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
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Our largest error though was in not
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Before You Invest. In my role as a
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are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
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Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
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have projects in the planning stage
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As the upward trend for seafood dem
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and the World Health Organization (
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Abstract not available at time of p
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increase the potential for bottlene
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Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
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Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
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and the polyphenol content (Northup
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References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
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Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
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In comparison of gravity separation
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NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
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O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
Page 78 and 79: The Hatchery The hatchery supports
Page 80 and 81: in crayfish populations, disappeara
Page 82 and 83: Table 2. Summary of average flows a
Page 84 and 85: depth decreases. Improvements in tr
Page 86 and 87: Perspective on the Role of Governme
Page 88 and 89: unprecedented in the growth of a ne
Page 90 and 91: with siting and the special equipme
Page 92 and 93: disease. We need to create environm
Page 94 and 95: Introduction Implications of Total
Page 96 and 97: The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
Page 98 and 99: Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
Page 100 and 101: ’ Conduct research and help devel
Page 102 and 103: Information sources for aquaculture
Page 104 and 105: Tilapia is an important fish specie
Page 106 and 107: To determine the RSE of the examine
Page 108 and 109: Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
Page 110 and 111: Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
Page 112 and 113: feeder control algorithms on a PC s
Page 114 and 115: Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
Page 116 and 117: The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
Page 118 and 119: Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
Page 120 and 121: Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
Page 124 and 125: Table 1 Summary of the tested resul
Page 126 and 127: similar disinfection efficiency. Th
Page 130 and 131: Materials and Method Schematic draw
Page 132 and 133: the amount of added increase by pro
Page 134 and 135: Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
Page 136 and 137: the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
Page 138 and 139: daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
Page 140 and 141: At this time, the control (both tan
Page 142 and 143: yellow color, while the water in th
Page 144 and 145: Case Study: Genetic improvement of
Page 146 and 147: and human effort. This commitment m
Page 148 and 149: - Harold Kincaid works for the US F
Page 150 and 151: Figure 1. Production and selection
Page 152 and 153: Performance Comparison of Geographi
Page 154 and 155: Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
Page 156 and 157: The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
Page 158 and 159: Second, as the salmon farming indus
Page 160 and 161: Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
Page 162 and 163: Introduction Removal of Protein and
Page 164 and 165: higher superficial air velocity gre
Page 166 and 167: Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
Page 168 and 169: The ideal mean residence time was a
Page 170 and 171: A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
Page 172 and 173: tank’s dead time. When fish were
Page 174 and 175: Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
Page 176 and 177: Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
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Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
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dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
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Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
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Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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C. Maximum specific feed consumptio
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of the fish used in this experiment
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Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
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Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
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new studies begun. Daily water qual
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Development Rationale for the Use o
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Further, reduction in operating cos
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The operation of the MRBF is domina
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equired a high frequency of washing
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Several dramatically different hull
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support airlift applications. These
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Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
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The last filter media used in this
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Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
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1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
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Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
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The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
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Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
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120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
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Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
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diffused aeration. The experiments
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It needs to be pointed out that the
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ammonia removal rate was low in the
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Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
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Ammonia removal activity was increa
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Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 1
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Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
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The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
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Introduction In the Central Valley
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Each of the two recirculation syste
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Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
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usiness expectations and limited te
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needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
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sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
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In response to the large levels of
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planning at the outset will, more t
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Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
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a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
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Information flow 1. Initial concept
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achieve continuous production, faci
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Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
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The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
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Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
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(a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
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6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
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control unit. Two distinct advantag
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the many variables that are involve
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Filtration Recirculation systems re
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6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
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Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Or
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carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
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possible to predict mean monthly ta
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Recirculation Systems for Farming E
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of this pilot-system will be evalua
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Figure 2. The main screen of the en
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What: What is your business structu
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should more than offset the costs o
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• Any other documents indicating
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production projects. Once these par
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A single discharge pipe works to re
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1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
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2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
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Discharge pipe Number used within e
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Previous efforts by the Illinois De
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media. The water enters the filter
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Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
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References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
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Propagation and Culture of Endanger
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at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
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Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
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MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
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The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
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The Potential for the Presence of B
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The main advantage for microorganis
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organism causes disease in humans,
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Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
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Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
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Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
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Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
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ecirculating system after mortality
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Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
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disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
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The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
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This apparent interaction between t
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References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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