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Table 1 Summary of the tested results. Treatment A B C D E F G H I J K L UV unit power (W) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 40 40 40 25 25 Wastewater volume (litter) 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 680 680 Salinity (‰) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 26 Flow rate (l/s) 1.26 1.26 1.26 2.52 0.63 1.26 2.52 2.52 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 Temperature (°C) 13.8 13.7 14.1 14.3 16.6 16.3 9.9 10.9 11.6 11.8 12.8 12.7 pH 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.4 7.7 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 DO concentration (mg/l) 9.1 9.9 9.7 9.3 9.1 9.2 10.4 10.5 10.2 10.1 9.4 8.9 TSS (mg/l) 60 74 79 71 51 46 36 36 34 50 36 44 Turbidity (NTU) 13.7 16 32.1 31 14.5 9.4 17.1 15.9 15.7 28.3 29.2 28.8 UV254 transmittance (%/cm) 54.2 52.9 30.1 25.3 57.6 69.2 52.1 38.2 39.4 26.8 35.0 31.0 Fecal coliform concentration (FCU/100ml) Disinfection time = 0 (s) 32250 61400 67250 24500 26000 12500 14000 27500 27500 39000 67000 37000 270 19000 39000 63000 12500 13900 7500 10850 16250 15000 19000 540 8900 27150 33050 8250 10000 3550 3900 4425 5150 8800 34800 29000 810 4800 8900 18800 5950 5050 1180 1550 1300 2300 3150 1080 350 855 1500 1350 2000 4050 6600 850 1750 220 400 90 355 895 1890 375 700 1150 160 820 60 80 2160 6620 4460 2700 4940 1950 5
Regression analysis indicated that, for the experimental waters, there was a strong linear correlation between UV254 transmittance and turbidity level (R 2 = 0.86, N = 20, P < 0.01) (Figure 3). Among the treatments, turbidity was adjusted by adding a different volume of wastewater. TSS data were with high variance, most likely caused by many factors, such as inhomogeneity of sampling, pipeting, and salinity (APHA, 1995). Due to the limited TSS data, no quantitative relationships were established between TSS and UV254 transmittance, or TSS and turbidity. Other parameters, including pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, were monitored (Table 1), but not controlled during the experiment. Figure 4 Fecal coliform survival ratio versus disinfection time for different UV254 transmittances of treatments A (54.2 %/cm), B (52.9 %/cm), C (30.1 %/cm) and F (69.2 %/cm) in a recirculating experimental system with a 25 W UV unit and a flow rate of 1.26 l/s. Fecal coliform survival ratio Fecal coliform survival ratio 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 I J A B C F 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Disinfection time (s) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Disinfection time (s) Figure 5 Fecal coliform survival ratio versus disinfection time for different UV254 transmittances of treatments I (39.4 %/cm) and J (26.8 %/cm) in a recirculating experimental system with a 40 W UV unit and a flow rate of 1.26 l/s. UV254 transmittance was an important factor determining disinfection efficiency. As shown in Figure 4, FC survival ratio dropped quickly for the highest transmittance of treatment F (69.2 %/cm), and the final ratio at time of 1890 seconds was 0.0048. With similar transmittance (54.2 and 52.9 %/cm, respectively), treatments A and B resulted in 6
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TABLE OF CONTENTS i Pages Symposium
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iii Pages Production of YY Male Til
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v Pages Special Session 2 - Volunte
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into the grow-out tanks. The airlif
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one above the other, reducing the
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nutritional requirements of summer
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Pump Functions The AMI Multi-Functi
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Introduction Commercial Application
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System Performance: Nine of these r
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electrical costs reduced by more th
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Nitrate, as the final product of th
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Culture conditions On August 1, 199
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surface area 740 m 2 /m 3 ). The co
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achieved a 750 mg/l decline in the
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ecomes possible without water repla
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tropical countries for tropical fis
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fastest absorption of nutrients fro
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Recirculation System Design; The KI
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The Japanese Aquaculture Market and
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Entrepreneurial and Economic Issues
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Our largest error though was in not
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Before You Invest. In my role as a
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are 590,000 kg/year. Prices, deprec
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Twenty-One Years of Commercial Reci
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have projects in the planning stage
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As the upward trend for seafood dem
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and the World Health Organization (
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Abstract not available at time of p
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increase the potential for bottlene
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Figure 1: Comparison of First, Seco
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Ecological and Resource Recovery Ap
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is widespr
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and the polyphenol content (Northup
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References CAST. 1996. Integrated A
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Tilapia and Fish Wastewater Charact
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In comparison of gravity separation
Page 73 and 74: NY DEC Interaction. The owners of F
Page 75 and 76: O 2 Feed CO 2 Ammonia Figure 1. Gen
Page 78 and 79: The Hatchery The hatchery supports
Page 80 and 81: in crayfish populations, disappeara
Page 82 and 83: Table 2. Summary of average flows a
Page 84 and 85: depth decreases. Improvements in tr
Page 86 and 87: Perspective on the Role of Governme
Page 88 and 89: unprecedented in the growth of a ne
Page 90 and 91: with siting and the special equipme
Page 92 and 93: disease. We need to create environm
Page 94 and 95: Introduction Implications of Total
Page 96 and 97: The NOAA/DOC Aquaculture Initiative
Page 98 and 99: Future Directions for the NOAA/DOC
Page 100 and 101: ’ Conduct research and help devel
Page 102 and 103: Information sources for aquaculture
Page 104 and 105: Tilapia is an important fish specie
Page 106 and 107: To determine the RSE of the examine
Page 108 and 109: Fig.1(a) Typical integrated olfacto
Page 110 and 111: Table 1. Relative stimulatory effic
Page 112 and 113: feeder control algorithms on a PC s
Page 114 and 115: Durant, M. D., Summerfelt, S. T., H
Page 116 and 117: The Effects of Ultraviolet Filtrati
Page 118 and 119: Table 1. The mean (N = 20) initial
Page 120 and 121: Introduction Evaluation of UV Disin
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1 Schematic of the experimen
Page 126 and 127: similar disinfection efficiency. Th
Page 128 and 129: (2) UV254 transmittance was an impo
Page 130 and 131: Materials and Method Schematic draw
Page 132 and 133: the amount of added increase by pro
Page 134 and 135: Oxygen Management at a Commercial R
Page 136 and 137: the outlet and inlet DO concentrati
Page 138 and 139: daylight hours averaged 0.5 kg DO/k
Page 140 and 141: At this time, the control (both tan
Page 142 and 143: yellow color, while the water in th
Page 144 and 145: Case Study: Genetic improvement of
Page 146 and 147: and human effort. This commitment m
Page 148 and 149: - Harold Kincaid works for the US F
Page 150 and 151: Figure 1. Production and selection
Page 152 and 153: Performance Comparison of Geographi
Page 154 and 155: Abstract Issues in the Commercializ
Page 156 and 157: The Salmon Example Salmon farming i
Page 158 and 159: Second, as the salmon farming indus
Page 160 and 161: Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi,
Page 162 and 163: Introduction Removal of Protein and
Page 164 and 165: higher superficial air velocity gre
Page 166 and 167: Hydrodynamics in the ‘Cornell-Typ
Page 168 and 169: The ideal mean residence time was a
Page 170 and 171: A sample pellet-flushing test is sh
Page 172 and 173: tank’s dead time. When fish were
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Partial-Reuse Systems Ideally, the
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Figure 1. The partial-recirculating
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Table 1. Mean values (± standard e
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dioxide (1) and un-ionized ammonia
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Comparative Growth of All-Female Ve
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Effects of Temperature and Feeding
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aquaculture systems, where the envi
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Figure 2. Growth relationships of y
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greater than the desired temperatur
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Figure 3. Cumulative feed consumpti
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35 days into the experiment, and th
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C. Maximum specific feed consumptio
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of the fish used in this experiment
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Coche, A.G. Cage culture of tilapia
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Predictive Computer Modeling of Gro
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new studies begun. Daily water qual
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Development Rationale for the Use o
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Further, reduction in operating cos
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The operation of the MRBF is domina
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equired a high frequency of washing
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Several dramatically different hull
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support airlift applications. These
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Enhancing Nitrification in Propelle
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The last filter media used in this
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Table 2. Water quality analyses wer
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1193.67 g-NO2 m -3 d -1 with the ni
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Biofilters Used in Recirculating Fi
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The Cyclone Sand Biofilter: A New D
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Marine Biotech (Beverly, MA) 2 has
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120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.
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Nitrification Potential and Oxygen
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diffused aeration. The experiments
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It needs to be pointed out that the
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ammonia removal rate was low in the
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Tanaka, H. and Dunn, I. 1982. Kinet
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Ammonia removal activity was increa
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Ammonia Conc. (mg/NH 4 + -N/L) 12 1
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Antifouling Sensors and Systems for
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The Vic Thomas Striped Bass Hatcher
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Introduction In the Central Valley
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Each of the two recirculation syste
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Body injury rates (% of fish) to th
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usiness expectations and limited te
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needs of the endemic Murray-Darling
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sold (Gooley et al. 1999). The dist
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In response to the large levels of
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planning at the outset will, more t
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Table 1 Summaries of selected speci
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a) Photo courtesy of Neil Armstrong
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Information flow 1. Initial concept
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achieve continuous production, faci
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Solids Removal (9.71%) Electricity
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The Effect of Fish Biomass and Deni
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Marine Denitrification of Denitrifi
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(a) (b) (c) Nitrate conc. (mg NO 3
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6. Poxton, M. G. and S. R. Allouse.
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control unit. Two distinct advantag
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the many variables that are involve
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Filtration Recirculation systems re
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6. AERATION DEVICE: 6” airstones
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Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Or
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carried out for both the 50 m 3 and
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possible to predict mean monthly ta
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Recirculation Systems for Farming E
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of this pilot-system will be evalua
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Figure 2. The main screen of the en
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What: What is your business structu
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should more than offset the costs o
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• Any other documents indicating
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production projects. Once these par
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A single discharge pipe works to re
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1. Oxygen recharge rates or the abi
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2.9.1.2. Measure ammonia. 2.9.1.3.
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Discharge pipe Number used within e
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Previous efforts by the Illinois De
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media. The water enters the filter
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Table 3: Summary of pro forma cash
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References Moss, S.M. (1999) “Bio
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Propagation and Culture of Endanger
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at a rate of 2 ft 3 /kg feed/d. Sod
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Modification of D-Ended Tanks for F
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MATERIALS AND METHODS All tests wer
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The single 100 ppm hydrogen peroxid
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The Potential for the Presence of B
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The main advantage for microorganis
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organism causes disease in humans,
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Bacteria No. of Facilities No. of D
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Assanta, M.A., Roy, D. and Montpeti
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Jones, K. and Bradshaw, S.B. (1996)
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Wilderer, P.A. and Characklis, W.G.
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systems (Egusa, 1981; Mellergaard a
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ecirculating system after mortality
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Fish Health Monitoring and Maintena
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disease problems. For tilapia, a sp
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The Role of Fish Density in Infecti
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This apparent interaction between t
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References Banks, J.L. (1994) Racew
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