TWICE THE SIZE - DIT Update - Dublin Institute of Technology

Land banking and reserve.
Long-term timing controls.
Utilisation and reparcelation.
Betterment taxes.
Extensive exactions.
Land use controls, with few compensation rights
Land use controls, with extensive compensation rights
Indirect planning controls
No planning controls
Goals and criteria
In similar vein, a set of goals and criteria for the evaluation of alternative policies for ‘plus value’
recapture can be established:
Equity and Fiscal Goals
• To reap the benefits of betterment for the public pocket.
• To reduce fiscal inequity among landowners by adopting an equalising tool.
• To reduce the costs of public purchase of land and development.
• To reduce or control land prices.
Planning Implementation Objectives
• To aid in implementing ‘positive planning’ by promoting the desired type of development, in
the preferred direction.
• To aid in the achievement of timing control of development by stimulating earlier or delayed
development.
• To contribute to the financing of planning proposals that would otherwise not be achievable.
• To aid in the achievement of other planning goals such as population mobility or stability.
• To assure that planning goals, rather than fiscal considerations, prevail in decision-making.
Additional Criteria for Selection Among Alternative Policies
• Minimal individual hardship caused.
• Minimum unequal treatment in parallel circumstances.
• Minimum avenue to misuse of power by decision-makers.
• Minimum negative urban and environmental impact of policy.
• Minimum administrative complications and time delays.
Dimensions of Land Value Recapture
Furthermore, there are a number of dimensions within which alternative policies for plus value
recapture can be designed. These include:
Definition of ‘betterment’ and the tax base
• Increase in land value due to anticipated approval of a plan.
• Increase in land value as a result of the adoption of a plan.
• Increase in land value due to the granting of a planning permission or variation.
• The implementation of a plan through public works.
• Implementation of a plan by other public actions.
• Implementation of a plan by private and public development.
• General rise in land value due to commodity growth.
• General rise in value of all property.
The rate at which betterment tax is levied.
The occasion for levy / tax incidence point
• After plan approval.
• After termination of he public works.
• Upon sale of property and presumed realisation of betterment.
• At request for planning or building permit.
• Upon completion of the development in question.
• Death of owner or dissolution of company.
• Every x years.
Is there discretion whether to levy and at what rate?
Is there a built-in policy regarding exemptions or varied rates?
Who collects the tax, and who receives the funds?
Are the proceeds earmarked?
• For the specific expanses incurred in the preparation of a specific plan.
• For the specific or general expenses of plan implementation.
• For general purposes of planning and implementation.
• For the general budget of the local authority.
• For the general national budget.
Relationship with compensation codes.
Co-ordination with other taxes.
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