Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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This methodology makes use of the relationship between molecular weight and molecular density, allowing accurate molecular weights to be determined for materials irrespective of their chemistry. This note describes the analysis of a series of five poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) copolymers manufactured with different molecular weights by GPC viscometry. Results and Discussion Conditions Columns: 2 x Agilent PLgel 5 µm MIXED-C, 300 x 7.5 mm (part number PL1110-6500) Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran Flow Rate: 1 mL/min Inj. Vol: 100 µL Sample Conc: 2 mg/mL Temp: 40 °C Detectors: Agilent 390-MDS Multi Detection Suite comprising a differential refractive index and a four capillary bridge viscometer Calibration Standards: Agilent Polystyrene EasiVials Figure 1 shows overlaid dual detector raw data chromatograms for a poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) sample showing the data collected from the individual detectors. The polymers all eluted as narrow near-Gaussian peaks. Response Viscometry Differential refractive index 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Retention time / min Figure 1. Overlaid dual detector raw data chromatograms for a block copolymer sample The samples were all then analyzed by GPC with viscometry, employing the universal calibration method to determine molecular weights that were not dependent on calibrant chemistry. The overlaid molecular weight distributions are shown in Figure 2. 2 dw/dlog M 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 3 4 5 Log M Figure 2. Overlaid molecular weight distributions calculated by universal calibration analysis of all samples The Mark-Houwink plots for the four materials are shown in Figure 3. Log IV 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.8 Log M Figure 3. Overlaid molecular weight distributions calculated by universal calibration analysis of all samples The Mark-Houwink relationship describes the scaling behavior of the intrinsic viscosity of polymers as a function of molecular weight. Assuming that materials have the same molecular density, they will follow the same Mark-Houwink plot. In these samples the variations in the block lengths for the different samples have caused shifts in the Mark- Houwink plots. Conclusion The 390-MDS multi detection suite successfully determined the molecular weights of some block copolymers and revealed differences in the block lengths. Viscometry detection delivered by the 390-MDS is a powerful tool for investigating the molecular weight and structural properties of polymers, irrespective of their chemistry. 6
Author Greg Saunders Agilent Technologies, Inc. Analysis of Biodegradable Polymers by GPC Application Note Introduction Polymers have a wide range of uses in society because of their durability and resistance. This durability, however, has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to the disposal of polymers once they are no longer useful. An accumulation of degradation resistant polymers in landfill sites has become a serious problem. The solution is a polymer that can be degraded by natural means without losing the functional properties that make the polymer so useful. A biodegradable polymer can be broken down into simpler substances by the activities of living organisms and is, therefore, unlikely to persist in the environment. Biodegradable polymers are also used in medicine, for such things as drug and gene delivery or bio-absorbable stents. Polycaprolactones and polylactides are good examples of biodegradable polymers with a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications. Polycaprolactones are fully biodegradable thermoplastic polymers, though they are derived from the chemical synthesis of non-renewable crude oil. Polylactides (PLA) are biodegradable polymers derived from lactic acid. Gel permeation chromatography is an ideal method for the analysis of biodegradable polymers. The approach adopted here employs refractive index and viscometry detection.
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
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Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
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signal) image indicating the overwh
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A dependence of surface potential o
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A B C Figure 6A-C. The topography (
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A B Figure 10A-C. The topography (A
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KFM with AM-FM operation in the int
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ibbons is only slightly different f
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References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
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Figure 1. AFM topographic image of
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100nm 100nm 350nm 100nm Figure 3. A
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to perfect hexagonal patterns, whic
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Single-pass KFM studies have been k
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images due to the difference of the
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0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
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appeared in the topography image. T
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of PSS component. TEM studies of mo
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Atomic Force Microscopy Studies in
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on graphite and MoS2 are shown in F
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A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
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images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
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Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
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Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
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Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
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The samples listed as “D” sampl
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Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
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Figure 11. Elastic modulus results
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Sample B Figure 16. Scratch curves
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Conclusions Nanoindentation and scr
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measurement technique has been expl
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References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
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Theory The complex shear modulus (G
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References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
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LCCC relies on carrying out isocrat
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log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
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Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
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Table 1. Chemical Information of An
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Injection Volume Influence of Real
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translator into three modes on diff
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To identify the matrix influence on
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Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
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Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
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1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
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Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
Page 163 and 164: Repeatability of the SFC/MS analysi
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion The combination of the A
Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
Page 169 and 170: The analytical method was applied t
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
Page 173 and 174: Preparation of standards BPA and BP
Page 175 and 176: Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
Page 177 and 178: Sample analysis The content of BPA
Page 179 and 180: The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
Page 181 and 182: Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
Page 183 and 184: Results and discussion By operating
Page 185 and 186: Introduction The wavelength of UV r
Page 187 and 188: LC parameters Premixed solutions of
Page 189 and 190: Linearity A linearity study was per
Page 191 and 192: References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
Page 193 and 194: Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel
Page 195 and 196: Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
Page 197 and 198: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 203: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
Page 209 and 210: Methods and Materials Conditions Co
Page 211 and 212: Materials and Methods A column set
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Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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