Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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GPC Analysis PolarGel-M GPC columns are packed with low swell, macroporous copolymer beads that have a surface of balanced polarity, comprizing hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. These allow PolarGel-M to be used in the analysis of high polarity polymers that are insoluble in water to give a more accurate representation of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. If these polar polymers were to be analyzed with traditional styrene/divinyl benzene columns, interactions would cause artifacts in the peak shape and longer retention times, which would translate into apparently much lower molecular weight averages. Sample Preparation Two novolac resins were analyzed to obtain an indication of differences in molecular weight, if any. The samples were made up at 0.2 % (w/v) in DMSO, with 0.1 % LiBr added to reduce sample aggregation, and injected without further treatment. Conditions Columns: 2 x PolarGel-M, 300 x 7.5 mm (p/n PL1117-6800) Eluent: DMSO & 0.1 % LiBr Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min Injection Volume: 100 µL Temperature: 50 ºC Detectors: Agilent PL-GPC 50, RI dw/dlogM 1 0 1 logM 5 Figure 1. Overlaid molecular weight distributions of two novolac resins A B Results Figure 1 shows the overlaid molecular weight distributions of two novolac resins. Conclusion GPC with PolarGel-M columns allows for the artifact, interaction free calculation of the composition and molecular weight distributions of novolac resins that are difficult to analyze on traditional, organic (PS/DVB) GPC columns. www.agilent.com/chem This information is subject to change without notice. © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2010 Published in UK, September 2, 2010 SI-00948
Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreath Agilent Technologies, Inc. Analysis of Polysaccharides by GPC Viscometry using the Agilent 390-MDS Multi Detector Suite Application Note Introduction Polysaccharides are complex polymers constructed from sugar units. There is a wide range of polysaccharides, many of which show large structural differences due to the manner in which they are synthesized. This is most commonly seen in the presence of branches on the polymer chains of some polysaccharides, which strongly influences properties such as solution viscosity. Pullulan polysaccharide is composed of maltotriose units in the polymer backbone, produced from starch by the action of a fungus. Pullulan has a linear structure, whereas in contrast dextran is a complex glucan with many differing components manufactured from sucrose by bacterial action that has a highly branched structure. Investigating the structure of polysaccharides is of interest for determining their properties in applications such as their use as food additives. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a well-known technique for assessing the molecular weight distribution of polymers, a property that influences many of the physical characteristics of these materials. GPC viscometry, employing a viscometer in combination with a differential refractive index detector, has the advantage of allowing the accurate determination of molecular weights for structurally complex polymers and co-polymers regardless of the their structure, via the Universal Calibration approach. GPC viscometry also reveals information about the solution viscosity of polymers, a property related to molecular size. Using this information, the branched structure of polymers can be investigated. This application note describes the analysis of two samples of polysaccharide by GPC viscometry, pullulan with a linear structure, and a highly branched dextran.
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
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Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
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signal) image indicating the overwh
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A dependence of surface potential o
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A B C Figure 6A-C. The topography (
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A B Figure 10A-C. The topography (A
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KFM with AM-FM operation in the int
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ibbons is only slightly different f
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References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
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Figure 1. AFM topographic image of
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100nm 100nm 350nm 100nm Figure 3. A
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to perfect hexagonal patterns, whic
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Single-pass KFM studies have been k
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images due to the difference of the
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0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
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appeared in the topography image. T
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of PSS component. TEM studies of mo
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Atomic Force Microscopy Studies in
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on graphite and MoS2 are shown in F
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A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
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images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
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Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
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Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
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Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
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The samples listed as “D” sampl
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Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
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Figure 11. Elastic modulus results
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Sample B Figure 16. Scratch curves
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Conclusions Nanoindentation and scr
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measurement technique has been expl
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References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
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Theory The complex shear modulus (G
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References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
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LCCC relies on carrying out isocrat
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log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
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Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
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Table 1. Chemical Information of An
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Injection Volume Influence of Real
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translator into three modes on diff
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To identify the matrix influence on
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Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
Page 153 and 154: 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB 4 Isonox 1
Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
Page 163 and 164: Repeatability of the SFC/MS analysi
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion The combination of the A
Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
Page 169 and 170: The analytical method was applied t
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
Page 173 and 174: Preparation of standards BPA and BP
Page 175 and 176: Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
Page 177 and 178: Sample analysis The content of BPA
Page 179 and 180: The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
Page 181 and 182: Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
Page 183 and 184: Results and discussion By operating
Page 185 and 186: Introduction The wavelength of UV r
Page 187 and 188: LC parameters Premixed solutions of
Page 189 and 190: Linearity A linearity study was per
Page 191 and 192: References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
Page 193 and 194: Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel
Page 195 and 196: Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
Page 197 and 198: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 199: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 205 and 206: Author Greg Saunders Agilent Techno
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
Page 209 and 210: Methods and Materials Conditions Co
Page 211 and 212: Materials and Methods A column set
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