Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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Authors Stephen Ball and Greg Saunders Agilent Technologies, Inc. Stable Baselines in the Analysis of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Polymers by GPC with ELSD Application Note Introduction Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers are extensively used in the pharmaceutical and medical industries, for example, as absorbable sutures, surgical clips and staples. The molecular weight distribution of the polymer can affect the properties of the end product, and is therefore of interest in the areas of development and quality control. The copolymer is quite polar in nature, but can be dissolved in several solvents suitable for gel permeation chromatography, notably tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. Low boiling solvents like chloroform can suffer from outgassing effects. When employing refractive index detection, this can lead to chromatograms with noisy or drifting baselines. The Agilent ELSD always delivers baselines that are stable and drift-free. Furthermore, due to its evaporative nature, it provides chromatograms that are free from system peaks around total permeation that are commonly associated with RI detectors. The Agilent ELSD also offers superior sensitivity compared to RI. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers are relatively low in molecular weight. PLgel 5 µm MIXED-D columns, with their high efficiency (>50,000 plates/meter) and broad resolving molecular weight range (up to 400,000 daltons relative to polystyrene), are the columns of choice for this application.
Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel 5 µm MIXED-D, 300 x 7.5 mm (p/n PL1110-6504) Detection: Agilent ELSD Materials and Reagents Eluent: Chloroform Conditions Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows a typical raw data chromatogram for a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) sample. The system was calibrated with narrow EasiCal PS-2 polystyrene standards and the calibration curve is presented in Figure 2. The molecular weight distribution plot and calculated molecular weight averages for the sample are illustrated in Figure 3. 3 min 20 Figure 1. Excellent base line stability in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) analyzed by the Agilent ELSD. 2 6 2 9 min 17 Figure 2. System calibration using EasiCal PS-2 standards. 3 min 6 Figure 3. Molecular weight averages (Mw 110626 and Mn 70766) of poly(lactide-co-glycolide).
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
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Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
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signal) image indicating the overwh
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A dependence of surface potential o
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A B C Figure 6A-C. The topography (
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A B Figure 10A-C. The topography (A
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KFM with AM-FM operation in the int
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ibbons is only slightly different f
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References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
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Figure 1. AFM topographic image of
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100nm 100nm 350nm 100nm Figure 3. A
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to perfect hexagonal patterns, whic
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Single-pass KFM studies have been k
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images due to the difference of the
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0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
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appeared in the topography image. T
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of PSS component. TEM studies of mo
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Atomic Force Microscopy Studies in
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on graphite and MoS2 are shown in F
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A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
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images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
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Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
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Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
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Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
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The samples listed as “D” sampl
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Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
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Figure 11. Elastic modulus results
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Sample B Figure 16. Scratch curves
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Conclusions Nanoindentation and scr
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measurement technique has been expl
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References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
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Theory The complex shear modulus (G
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References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
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LCCC relies on carrying out isocrat
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log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
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Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
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Table 1. Chemical Information of An
Page 141 and 142: Injection Volume Influence of Real
Page 143 and 144: translator into three modes on diff
Page 145 and 146: To identify the matrix influence on
Page 147 and 148: Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
Page 153 and 154: 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB 4 Isonox 1
Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
Page 163 and 164: Repeatability of the SFC/MS analysi
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion The combination of the A
Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
Page 169 and 170: The analytical method was applied t
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
Page 173 and 174: Preparation of standards BPA and BP
Page 175 and 176: Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
Page 177 and 178: Sample analysis The content of BPA
Page 179 and 180: The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
Page 181 and 182: Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
Page 183 and 184: Results and discussion By operating
Page 185 and 186: Introduction The wavelength of UV r
Page 187 and 188: LC parameters Premixed solutions of
Page 189 and 190: Linearity A linearity study was per
Page 191: References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
Page 195 and 196: Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
Page 197 and 198: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 205 and 206: Author Greg Saunders Agilent Techno
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
Page 209 and 210: Methods and Materials Conditions Co
Page 211 and 212: Materials and Methods A column set
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