Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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Authors Siji Joseph Agilent Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, India Michael Woodman Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2850 Centerville Road Wilmington DE 19808 USA Agilent 1290 Infinity LC with Agilent Poroshell columns for simultaneous determination of eight organic UV filters in under two minutes Application Note Consumer Products mAU 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Amino benzoic acid Abstract Dioxybenzone Oxybenzone 4-Methyl benzylidene camphor Avobenzone Octyl methoxycinnamate Octocrylene Octyl salicylate 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 min Levels of UV filters in personal care products are regulated by the FDA and European Pharmacopeia (EP). Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods are widely accepted analytical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these UV filters. Most of these traditional LC methods require about 25–50 minutes. In this Application Note, the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC, in combination with Agilent Poroshell columns, were used for development of a short, sensitive, robust and well resolved separation of eight FDA/EP approved active UV filter ingredients in 99 seconds. Standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) values of retention time for replicate injections confirmed the excellent performance of the Agilent 1290 Infinity Binary Pump. Exceptional performance of the Agilent 1290 Infinity Diode Array Detector was established by minimum area RSD values and a wide linear range with standard organic UV filters in amounts from 0.25 ng to 200 ng on-column. In addition, the method was effectively used to identify active UV filters extracted from six international personal care products.
Introduction The wavelength of UV rays lies between X-rays and visible light (~ 10 – 400 nm) 1 . Production of melanin, a pigment that causes the darkening of skin, is a natural defense of the human body against UV radiation. Melanin absorbs UV radiation and dissipates the energy as harmless heat, though the response to UV radiation and production of melanin pigmentation depends on skin color and other genetic factors 2, 3 . The intensity of UV radiation and length of exposure are the main parameters involved in sunburn, irrespective of skin tone and ability of the skin to produce melanin. The major classifications of UV light are presented in Table 1 4 . Sunscreens protecting the skin against sunburn contain one or more of the following types of active ingredients: Organic chemicals that absorb UV light. Inorganic particulates that reflect, scatter, and absorb UV light. Organic particulates that have all the above features. Organic UV filters are usually aromatic compounds conjugated with carbonyl groups. The FDA has approved seven UV-A filter compounds and nine UV-B filter compounds for sunscreen formulations in the United States, while the European Commission has approved the use of ten additional UV filters in European countries 5 . Though several approved UV filters are available in the market, extensive use of these UV filters may have several Sl No: Component Wavelength (nm) Effects of over exposure on skin 1 UV-A I 340-400 Can cause tanning but has minimal erythemal effect. Can cause long term damage. Penetrates deeply. it can contribute to skin cancer via indirect DNA damage. 2 UV-A II 320-340 Slightly erythemal contribution 3 UV-B 290-320 Causes sunburn and is a major contributor to skin cancer development. 4 UV-C 100-290 Very energetic radiation. Absorbed by the ozone layer. Direct DNA damage Table 1 Major classifications of UV radiation. major concerns. Some sunscreen ingredients have been shown to have carcinogenic properties. Additionally, older and more widespread sunscreen chemicals cannot dissipate the energy of the excited state as efficiently as melanin, therefore the penetration of these sunscreen ingredients into the lower layers of the skin may increase the amount of free radicals and reactive oxygen species 6 . Therefore, extensive testing of sunscreens is advisable to reveal the efficacy of the ingredients. This Application Note discusses a short LC method to separate eight widely used UV filters within 99 seconds. Cosmetic manufacturers can adopt this method to simplify the analysis of sunscreen raw materials and personal care products in product development, regulatory compliance, and quality control to increase the efficiency of analysis. Experimental Instrument configuration An Agilent 1290 Infinity LC, controlled by ChemStation (Version B.04.02) and equipped with a binary pump with integrated vacuum degasser, autosampler, thermostatted column compartment 2 and a diode array detector, was used for data collection. The injection volume was set to 1 µL and the needle wash was enabled using acetonitrile for three seconds. The sample thermostat was set at 5 °C, while the columns were operated at 55 °C. The binary pump was operated at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detector was programmed for three different wavelengths (288, 304 and 358 nm) and operated at a sampling acquisition rate of 80 Hz (response time 0.062 seconds, >0.003 min). An Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (75 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 µm) was used for the chromatographic separation. Chemicals and standards All eight UV filter standards and acetic acid (mobile phase modifier) were purchased from Aldrich (India). Super gradient grade acetonitrile (ACN) was purchased from Lab-Scan (Bangkok, Thailand). HPLC grade water was freshly taken from a Milli-Q water purification system. Six different brands of international sunscreen formulations were purchased locally. The details of organic UV filter standards used in this study are tabulated in Table 2.
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
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Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
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signal) image indicating the overwh
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A dependence of surface potential o
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A B C Figure 6A-C. The topography (
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A B Figure 10A-C. The topography (A
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KFM with AM-FM operation in the int
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ibbons is only slightly different f
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References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
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Figure 1. AFM topographic image of
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100nm 100nm 350nm 100nm Figure 3. A
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to perfect hexagonal patterns, whic
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Single-pass KFM studies have been k
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images due to the difference of the
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0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
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appeared in the topography image. T
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of PSS component. TEM studies of mo
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Atomic Force Microscopy Studies in
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on graphite and MoS2 are shown in F
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A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
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images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
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Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
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Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
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Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
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The samples listed as “D” sampl
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Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
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Figure 11. Elastic modulus results
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Sample B Figure 16. Scratch curves
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Conclusions Nanoindentation and scr
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measurement technique has been expl
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References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
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Theory The complex shear modulus (G
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References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
Page 133 and 134: LCCC relies on carrying out isocrat
Page 135 and 136: log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
Page 137 and 138: Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Chemical Information of An
Page 141 and 142: Injection Volume Influence of Real
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Page 145 and 146: To identify the matrix influence on
Page 147 and 148: Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
Page 153 and 154: 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB 4 Isonox 1
Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
Page 163 and 164: Repeatability of the SFC/MS analysi
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion The combination of the A
Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
Page 169 and 170: The analytical method was applied t
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
Page 173 and 174: Preparation of standards BPA and BP
Page 175 and 176: Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
Page 177 and 178: Sample analysis The content of BPA
Page 179 and 180: The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
Page 181 and 182: Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
Page 183: Results and discussion By operating
Page 187 and 188: LC parameters Premixed solutions of
Page 189 and 190: Linearity A linearity study was per
Page 191 and 192: References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
Page 193 and 194: Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel
Page 195 and 196: Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
Page 197 and 198: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 205 and 206: Author Greg Saunders Agilent Techno
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
Page 209 and 210: Methods and Materials Conditions Co
Page 211 and 212: Materials and Methods A column set
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