Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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Introduction Agilent evaporative light scattering detectors respond to all compounds that are less volatile than the mobile phase. At higher operating temperatures, semivolatile analytes may evaporate along with the eluent, making detection diffi cult or even impossible. The Agilent 385-ELSD Evaporative Light Scattering Detector can be operated at very low temperatures (or even ambient temperature) so that losses of semivolatile sample components can be minimized, preserving sample integrity and offering maximum sensitivity. Dialkyl phthalates are a class of widely used industrial compounds selected for their many benefi cial chemical properties. They are used as softeners of plastics, oily substances in perfumes, additives to hairsprays, lubricants, and wood fi nishers. The smell of newness, which becomes especially noticeable after a vehicle has been exposed to direct sunlight for a few hours, is partly due to the pungent odor of phthalates volatilizing from a hot plastic dashboard. Because of their high volatility, dialkyl phthalates have always presented a challenge for evaporative light scattering detection after separation by HPLC and, therefore, they represent an excellent performance test for the 385-ELSD. Experimental Instrumentation Column Agilent Poroshell 120 EC ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18, 30 × 2.1 mm, 3 µm Detection Agilent 385-ELSD Evaporative Light Scattering Detector Nebulizer temp 25 °C Evaporation temp 25 °C Gas fl ow 1.6 SLM Materials and reagents Eluent A Water Eluent B Acetonitrile Conditions Flow rate 0.5 mL/min Injection volume 10 µL Gradient: 0–100% B in 3.1 min, hold for 7 min 2
Results and discussion By operating the Agilent 385-ELSD Evaporative Light Scattering Detector at near ambient conditions, it is easily possible to detect diethylphthalate at 1.0 mg/mL as shown in Figure 1, although recovery diminishes at lower concentrations. For longer alkyl chains, phthalates can be detected at much lower concentrations (100 ppm or 0.1 mg/mL), as illustrated for the series shown in Figure 2. The variation in response still refl ects differences in volatility but nevertheless, for chain lengths greater than octyl, the response is reasonably uniform. Conclusion The Agilent 385-ELSD successfully detected highly volatile dialkyl phthalates at very low concentrations. The 385-ELSD surpasses other ELS detectors for low temperature HPLC applications with semivolatile compounds. Its innovative design represents the next generation of ELS detection technology, providing optimum performance across a diverse range of HPLC applications. The unique gas control of the 385-ELSD facilitates evaporation of high boiling solvents at very low temperatures. For example, 100 % water at a fl ow rate of 5 mL/min can be removed at 30 °C. The novel design of the 385- ELSD achieves superior performance compared to detectors from other vendors for the analysis of semivolatile compounds. 1 min 5 Figure 1 Straightforward detection of diethylphthalate at 1.0 mg/mL under ambient conditions with the Agilent 385-ELSD Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD). Peak Identification 1. Dipropylphthalate 2. Dibutylphthalate 3. Dipentylphthalate 4. Diheptylphthalate 5. Dioctylphthalate 1 Figure 2 min 6 Long chain phthalates detected at 0.1 mg/mL by the Agilent 385-ELSD Evaporative Light Scattering Detector. 3 1 2 3 4 5
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
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Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
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signal) image indicating the overwh
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A dependence of surface potential o
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A B C Figure 6A-C. The topography (
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A B Figure 10A-C. The topography (A
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KFM with AM-FM operation in the int
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ibbons is only slightly different f
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References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
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Figure 1. AFM topographic image of
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100nm 100nm 350nm 100nm Figure 3. A
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to perfect hexagonal patterns, whic
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Single-pass KFM studies have been k
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images due to the difference of the
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0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
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appeared in the topography image. T
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of PSS component. TEM studies of mo
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Atomic Force Microscopy Studies in
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on graphite and MoS2 are shown in F
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A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
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images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
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Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
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Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
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Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
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The samples listed as “D” sampl
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Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
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Figure 11. Elastic modulus results
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Sample B Figure 16. Scratch curves
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Conclusions Nanoindentation and scr
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measurement technique has been expl
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References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
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Theory The complex shear modulus (G
Page 131 and 132: References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
Page 133 and 134: LCCC relies on carrying out isocrat
Page 135 and 136: log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
Page 137 and 138: Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Chemical Information of An
Page 141 and 142: Injection Volume Influence of Real
Page 143 and 144: translator into three modes on diff
Page 145 and 146: To identify the matrix influence on
Page 147 and 148: Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
Page 153 and 154: 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB 4 Isonox 1
Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
Page 163 and 164: Repeatability of the SFC/MS analysi
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion The combination of the A
Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
Page 169 and 170: The analytical method was applied t
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
Page 173 and 174: Preparation of standards BPA and BP
Page 175 and 176: Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
Page 177 and 178: Sample analysis The content of BPA
Page 179 and 180: The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
Page 181: Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
Page 185 and 186: Introduction The wavelength of UV r
Page 187 and 188: LC parameters Premixed solutions of
Page 189 and 190: Linearity A linearity study was per
Page 191 and 192: References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
Page 193 and 194: Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel
Page 195 and 196: Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
Page 197 and 198: Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
Page 205 and 206: Author Greg Saunders Agilent Techno
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
Page 209 and 210: Methods and Materials Conditions Co
Page 211 and 212: Materials and Methods A column set
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