Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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Similar to the scratch response of the hard coating on Sample B, Sample C smoothly deformed during the scratch cycle; the displacement curves for Sample C are shown in Figure 18 and the coefficient of friction during the scratch cycle is shown in Figure 19. Both of these figures show that small fractures occurred in the hard coating as the scratch test progressed. One of the most interesting occurrences in the failure of Sample C is shown at a scratch distance of 400µm in Figure 19. In this figure, the coefficient of friction experienced a step increase at the point of critical load; this step was present in all 8 tests of this sample. In addition to smooth failure, Sample C also showed a large amount of elastic recovery—the amount of elastic recovery is shown by the area bounded by the scratch cycle and the residual deformation scan (green and orange curves, respectively); permanent deformation is shown by the area bounded by the original surface scan and the residual deformation scan (blue and orange curves, respectively). Sample C Figure 18. Scratch curves for Sample C. Just as in Sample B, smooth deformation is seen in the scratch curve (green curve) while fluctuations in the residual deformation scan (orange curve) signify minor fracturing. Figure 19. Coefficient of friction during the scratch cycle for Sample C. All of the tests performed on Sample C experienced a step increase in the coefficient of friction at the critical load that is located at a scratch distance of 400 µm. 10
Conclusions Nanoindentation and scratch testing was completed on seven polymer samples and the results showed enhanced surface properties for the hard coated samples and excellent repeatability for all of the samples. The four “D” samples were tested using nanoindentation at elevated temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100°C. Even though two of the samples had been processed differently, the measured results of elastic modulus and hardness showed no statistical differences between the samples; this was with the exception of a minor difference seen in the results of elastic modulus at 50°C and 60°C. At these temperatures samples D-2-1 and D-2-2 experienced a statistical drop in elastic modulus as compared to samples D-1-1 and D-1-2. The results from scratch testing showed significant differences in samples A, B, and C. the two hard coated samples experienced smooth scratching and their residual deformation scans showed minor fracturing was occurring behind the scratch tip. Sample A showed unique failure mechanisms in that during the scratch tests material was ripped off. This was clearly identifiable in the scratch curves and the residual deformation scans for this sample. Data for the coefficient of friction during the scratch cycles provided additional support for the failure mechanisms that occurred during the scratch tests. References 1. B. Crawford. “Indentation Rules of Thumb.” Agilent Technologies Application Note, 2010. 2. “Metallic Materials – Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters.” ISO 14577, 2002. 3. www.efunda.com/materials/polymers/ properties/polymer_datasheet. cfm?MajorID=acrylic&MinorID=4 4. A. Rar, H. Song, and G.M. Pharr. “Assessment of new relation for the elastic compliance of a film-substrate system.” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 695, pp. 431–438 (2002). 11 Nano Mechanical Systems from Agilent Technologies Agilent Technologies, the premier measurement company, offers highprecision, modular nano-measurement solutions for research, industry, and education. Exceptional worldwide support is provided by experienced application scientists and technical service personnel. Agilent’s leading-edge R&D laboratories ensure the continued, timely introduction and optimization of innovative, easy-to-use nanomechanical system technologies. www.agilent.com/find/nanoindenter Americas Canada (877) 894 4414 Latin America 305 269 7500 United States (800) 829 4444 Asia Pacific Australia 1 800 629 485 China 800 810 0189
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
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Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
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Page 83 and 84: References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
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Page 95 and 96: 0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
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Page 105 and 106: A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
Page 107 and 108: images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
Page 109 and 110: Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
Page 111 and 112: Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
Page 113 and 114: Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
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Page 117 and 118: Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
Page 119 and 120: Figure 11. Elastic modulus results
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Page 127 and 128: References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
Page 129 and 130: Theory The complex shear modulus (G
Page 131 and 132: References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
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Page 135 and 136: log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
Page 137 and 138: Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Chemical Information of An
Page 141 and 142: Injection Volume Influence of Real
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Page 145 and 146: To identify the matrix influence on
Page 147 and 148: Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
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Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
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Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
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Page 171 and 172: Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
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Preparation of standards BPA and BP
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Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
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Sample analysis The content of BPA
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The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
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Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
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Results and discussion By operating
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Introduction The wavelength of UV r
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LC parameters Premixed solutions of
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Linearity A linearity study was per
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References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
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Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel
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Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
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Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
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Author Greg Saunders Agilent Techno
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Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
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Methods and Materials Conditions Co
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Materials and Methods A column set
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