Application Compendium - Agilent Technologies

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coating. The results on this film show that the mechanical properties change as the film is penetrated. As opposed to a plateau in the results of elastic modulus, a minimum exists at 4000nm of penetration. After the minimum was reached, the tests gradually reached the interface with the PMMA sheet and the elastic modulus started to increase. Undoubtedly, the hardness and elastic modulus measurements were greatly affected by the PMMA sheet at the minimums and maximums obtained from the graph in Figure 8. The reported values are probably lower than the actual values—hardness to a lesser extent—because the nominal elastic modulus for PMMA is approximately 3 GPa [3]. Since this is significantly lower than the measured values for the hard coating, the measured mechanical properties will be deflated at penetration depths that are greater than 10% of the coating thickness. The results for the elastic modulus from this sample could be more accurately determined by using a model that compensates and removes substrate influences from the results; one such model, which was developed by Rar et al., has been seamlessly integrated into the <strong>Agilent</strong> NanoSuite software to provide researchers with the ability to make substrate independent measurements of elastic modulus on films and coatings [4]. Elevated Temperature Testing of “D” Samples The samples that were listed as “D” samples were tested at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 100°C. Prior to elevating the temperature, each sample was tested 10 times using dynamic indentation, with the Continuous Stiffness Measurement (CSM) option, to a penetration depth of 2000nm, to determine if the surface properties of the samples changed as a function of penetration into the sample. Figures 9 and 10 show the results for elastic modulus and hardness, respectively, for all four D samples. The benefits of the CSM option are apparent in Figures 9 and 10; this option allows the evolution of mechanical properties to be observed continuously Figure 9. Elastic modulus results for the D Samples using dynamic indentation at room temperature. No separation in the mechanical response of the samples was seen as a function of penetration. Figure 10. Hardness results for the D Samples using dynamic indentation at room temperature. No separation in the mechanical response of the samples was seen as a function of penetration. 6
Figure 11. Elastic modulus results for the “D” samples tested at elevated temperatures. Figure 12. Hardness results for the “D” samples tested at elevated temperatures. 7 as a function of penetration into the surface of the sample. Surface properties just after contact along with bulk material properties can be measured with only a single indentation. Multiple indentation tests provide a measurement of repeatability for the mechanical properties of the sample; the data displayed in Figures 9 and 10 have one standard deviation errors bars displayed. This data represents the excellent repeatability of the Nano Indenter G200. It is clear from the data that, at room temperature, surface affects are not differentiators between the raw acetate propionate cellulose samples and the alcohol saponification cellulous samples. Dynamic indentation was used at room temperature to determine if differences in surface properties were present. However, dynamic indentation is only available for room temperature testing; therefore, a set load was selected for performing quasi-static indentation tests at elevated temperatures—in application, the force limit is a user defined input and can be set to any appropriate limit. A maximum indentation load of 8mN was selected to provide mechanical properties at approximately 1200nm of penetration. Ten quasi-static indentation tests to a maximum load of 8mN were performed on each of the D samples at set temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C. The results, with one standard deviation error bars, of elastic modulus and hardness for the D samples are shown in Figures 11 and 12, respectively. Close examination of the results reveals that there are no major statistical differences in the mechanical properties of the raw acetate propionate cellulose samples and the alcohol saponification cellulous samples up to a temperature of 100°C. Only minor differences were observed in the measurements of elastic modulus at temperatures of 50°C and 60°C. At these temperatures the two samples listed as D-2 experienced a significant drop in elastic modulus as compared to the D-1 samples.
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MATERIALS TESTING AND RESEARCH SOLU
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When accuracy and reliability in me
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AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS F
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Figure 1. Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spe
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The calibration samples were measur
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Author Frank Higgins Agilent Techno
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Figure 1. The overlaid aliphatic be
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Author John Seelenbinder Agilent Te
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Figure 3. Sample is lightly pressed
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Author Dr. Mustafa Kansiz Agilent T
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microscopy provides for a factor of
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Standard ATR IR Image No Pressure (
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A visual inspection of the sample u
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Experimental Instrumentation To per
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Authors Jonah Kirkwood † and Must
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Spectra were collected from each lo
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Infrared mapping allows for multipl
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The spectra in Figure 2 are visuall
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Conclusion Agilent‟s Cary 610 FTI
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Authors Dr. Wayne Collins*, John Se
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The calibration curve obtained for
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Conclusion Select ‘Peak Ratio’
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Summary This method describes a pro
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Method configuration To determine t
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The calibration curve for the deter
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Figure 6. The MicroLab PC FTIR soft
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Summary An analytically representat
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Figure 3. The Irganox 1010 peak are
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The calibration curve and equation
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Select ‘Peak Ratio’ - from the
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Summary An analytically representat
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3. The GMS peak height absor
Page 69 and 70: Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy: E
Page 71 and 72: signal) image indicating the overwh
Page 73 and 74: A dependence of surface potential o
Page 75 and 76: A B C Figure 6A-C. The topography (
Page 77 and 78: A B Figure 10A-C. The topography (A
Page 79 and 80: KFM with AM-FM operation in the int
Page 81 and 82: ibbons is only slightly different f
Page 83 and 84: References 1. G. Binnig, C.F. Quate
Page 85 and 86: Figure 1. AFM topographic image of
Page 87 and 88: 100nm 100nm 350nm 100nm Figure 3. A
Page 89 and 90: to perfect hexagonal patterns, whic
Page 91 and 92: Single-pass KFM studies have been k
Page 93 and 94: images due to the difference of the
Page 95 and 96: 0.5 V) of the nanowires. Additional
Page 97 and 98: appeared in the topography image. T
Page 99 and 100: of PSS component. TEM studies of mo
Page 101 and 102: Atomic Force Microscopy Studies in
Page 103 and 104: on graphite and MoS2 are shown in F
Page 105 and 106: A B C D Scan size: 5 µm. Scan size
Page 107 and 108: images of PEDOT:PSS blend, (PEDOT -
Page 109 and 110: Young’s Modulus of Dielectric ‘
Page 111 and 112: Figure 3. Young’s modulus as a fu
Page 113 and 114: Nanoindentation, Scratch, and Eleva
Page 115 and 116: The samples listed as “D” sampl
Page 117: Figure 6. Elastic modulus results f
Page 121 and 122: Sample B Figure 16. Scratch curves
Page 123 and 124: Conclusions Nanoindentation and scr
Page 125 and 126: measurement technique has been expl
Page 127 and 128: References 1. J.L. Hay, “Using In
Page 129 and 130: Theory The complex shear modulus (G
Page 131 and 132: References 1. Jain, S.K., Bhattacha
Page 133 and 134: LCCC relies on carrying out isocrat
Page 135 and 136: log Mp 5 4.6 4.2 3.8 0.5 15% Water
Page 137 and 138: Authors Wei Luan and Chunxiao Wang
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Chemical Information of An
Page 141 and 142: Injection Volume Influence of Real
Page 143 and 144: translator into three modes on diff
Page 145 and 146: To identify the matrix influence on
Page 147 and 148: Authors Chun-Xiao Wang and Wei Luan
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Polymer Additives in ASTM
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB
Page 153 and 154: 1 Tinuvin P 2 BHT 3 BHEB 4 Isonox 1
Page 155 and 156: Authors Edgar Naegele Agilent Techn
Page 157 and 158: Results and discussion To meet the
Page 159 and 160: Authors Melissa Dunkle, Gerd Vanhoe
Page 161 and 162: Experimental The analyses were perf
Page 163 and 164: Repeatability of the SFC/MS analysi
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion The combination of the A
Page 167 and 168: Introduction Phthalates form a grou
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The analytical method was applied t
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Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is a
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Preparation of standards BPA and BP
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Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit
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Sample analysis The content of BPA
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The calibration for BPA and BPF, wh
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Author Stephen Ball Agilent Technol
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Results and discussion By operating
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Introduction The wavelength of UV r
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LC parameters Premixed solutions of
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Linearity A linearity study was per
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References 1. Dr. James H. Gibson,
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Instrumentation Columns: 2 x PLgel
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Authors Greg Saunders and Ben MacCr
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Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreat
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Author Greg Saunders Agilent Techno
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Figure 5. Universal calibration cur
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Methods and Materials Conditions Co
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Materials and Methods A column set
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