letter - Eurasip

EURASIP 

NEWS 

LETTER 

ISSN 1687-1421, Volume 16, Number 3, September 2005 

European Association 

for Signal, Speech, 

and Image Processing

Newsletter, Volume 16, Number 3, September 2005 

Contents 

EURASIP MESSAGES 

President’sMessage ........................................................... 1 

EURASIPSecretary-TreasurersReport .......................................... 2 

Awards ....................................................................... 4 

SHORT TUTORIALS 

Content-BasedMusicRetrievalfromaPatternRecognitionPerspective ............. 9 

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS 

CalendarofEvents ............................................................ 20 

CallforPapers:5thInternationalConferenceonTechnologyandAutomation ....... 

Call for Papers: 12th International Workshop on Systems, 

21 

Signals&ImageProcessing ..................................................... 22 

Call for Papers: International Conference “Technical Computing Prague 2005” . . . . . . 

Call for Papers: Second International Symposium on Communications, 

23 

ControlandSignalProcessing .................................................. 

Call for Papers: 18-th Biennial International EURASIP Conference 

24 

(BIOSIGNAL 2006) ........................................................... 25 

CallforPapers:COGnitivesystemswithInteractiveSensors(COGIS’06) ............ 26 

Call for Papers: 14th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2006) ...... 28 

CallforPapers:FifthInternationalWorkshoponInformationOptics(WIO-06) ..... 29 

Call for Papers: 15th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2007) ...... 30 

Report on CBMI 2005 ......................................................... 31 

Report on 2005 IST Summit and ICC 2009 in Dresden . . . ......................... 33 

Report on the 47th International Symposium ELMAR-2005 ....................... 35 

Report on WIAMIS’2005 . . .................................................... 37 

Report on 5th EURASIP Conference, EC-SIP-M 2005 ............................. 38 

STUDENT ACTIVITIES 

RecentEuropeanPh.D.Theses ................................................. 39 

Postdoc Openings ............................................................. 40

EURASIP JOURNALS 

SignalProcessing .............................................................. 41 

SignalProcessing:ImageCommunication ....................................... 42 

SpeechCommunication ....................................................... 43 

EURASIPJournalonAppliedSignalProcessing .................................. 45 

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking .................. 47 

EURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems ........................................ 48 

EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 

EURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems ........................................ 49 

EURASIPJESCallforPapers ................................................... 50 

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 

Abstracts of EURASIP JASP, Volume 2005, Issue 9 . ............................... 56 

Abstracts of EURASIP JASP, Volume 2005, Issue 10 . . ............................. 63 



EURASIPJASPForthcomingSpecialIssues ...................................... 85 

EURASIPJASPCallforPapers ................................................. 95 

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking .................. 111 

Abstracts of EURASIP JWCN, Volume 2005, Issue 3 .............................. 112 

EURASIPJWCNForthcomingSpecialIssues .....................................124 

EURASIPJWCNCallforPapers ................................................127 

EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications 

EURASIPBookSeriesonSignalProcessingandCommunications ..................135 

SmartAntennas—StateoftheArt ...............................................136 

UWBCommunicationSystems—AComprehensiveOverview ..................... 136 

Resource Allocation and Management over Wireless Networks: 

Basics,Techniques,andApplications ............................................137 

SignalProcessingfortheAcousticHuman-MachineInterface ......................138 

DigitalFingerprintingforMultimediaForensics ..................................139 

AdvancesonNonlinearSignalandImageProcessing ..............................140 

GeneticandEvolutionaryComputationforImageProcessingandAnalysis ..........141 

How to Become a EURASIP Member ....................................... 142 

EURASIP Membership Application ......................................... 144

President’s Message 


Most of us will receive and read this issue of the Newsletter in Antalya, during 

EUSIPCO-2005. It is, thus, very tempting to announce with this message the launching 

of two new EURASIP journals. 

EURASIP Journal on Signal Processing and Bioinformatics, whose first Editor-in-Chief 

will be Professor Ioan Tabus from Finland, and EURASIP Journal on Multimedia and Information 

Security, whose first Editor-in-Chief will be Professor Benoit Macq, from Belgium. 

Both journals will be published using the Open Access (OA) publishing model. These 

two journals follow the EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems, which was just recently 

launched, with Editor-in-Chief Professor Zoran Salcic from New Zealand. All three journals 

address research and application areas of significant importance in today’s science and 

technology forefront. 

Concerning our experiences with Open Access publishing; although it is still early to 

assess the results, so far the numbers are very encouraging. As an example, the EURASIP 

Journal on Applied Signal Processing, which has optional Open Access, has seen a dramatic 

rise in authors choosing this alternative. In 2003, only one author chose the OA option 

(Which was introduced late in the year). In 2004, there were 14 OA articles in JASP. This 

year, more than 60 authors have chosen the Open Access option, which will account for 

more than 700 pages! The EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 

has seen similar success. Last year, EURASIP JWCN was converted to a full Open Access 

model, and it has been growing steadily since then. This year, the journal is expected to 

publish its 100th article, which is quite a success for such a young journal. 

Looking forward to seeing all of you in Antalya and having the chance to discuss with 

you all of the above, as well as other challenging issues concerning EURASIP, our friendly 

and dynamic society. 

With the active participation of all of us, we can shape the future and leave our scientific 

stamp on today’s global happenings. 

Sergios Theodoridis 

President


EURASIP Secretary-Treasurer’s Report: 

1st July 2004–30th June 2005 

The opening balance on the 1st of July 2004 was as specified in the following table, in Euros 

(€). 

The currency conversion considered (30th June 2005) was: 

Opening balance 

of 1st July 2004 

1CHF=0,64480 € 

Current accounts: EURO account 203.27€ 

CHF account 942.28€ 

USD account 152.66€ 

Total: 1,298.21€ 

Savings accounts: EURO Money Market account 52,880.03€ 

CHF Postal account 10,695.48€ 

Total: 63,575.51€ 

Total available 64,873.72€ 

Loans to be reimbursed: EUSIPCO-02 15,000.00€ 

EUSIPCO-04 15,000.00€ 

EUSIPCO-05 15,000.00€ 

NSIP-03 1.330.00€ 

Total: 46,330.00€ 

Total 111,203.72€ 

The EURASIP main account movements during the financial period considered are documented 

in the following two tables, for income and expenses, respectively: 

Income: 

Membership (incl. Journal subscriptions) 37,313.53€ 

Donations/review charges: EUSIPCO-2002 21,750.00€ 

EUSIPCO-2004 19,944.00€ 

Total income: 79,007.53€ 

Reimbursed loans: EUSIPCO-2002 15,000.00€ 

NSIP-03 1,330.00€ 

EUSIPCO-2004 15,000.00€ 

Total 110,337.53€

EURASIP Secretary-Treasurer’s Report 3 

Expenses: 

Elsevier (various concepts) 12,644.60€ 

Hindawi (various concepts, incl. Newsletter) 37,386.30€ 

EURASIP Awards 3,762.47€ 

Web development 8,397.13€ 

Administrative expenses 5,240.19€ 

Taxes, bank costs, interests, currency conversions −246.12€ 

Total: 67,184.57€ 

Loans: ISMM’05 1,000.00€ 

EUSIPCO’2006 15,000.00€ 

Total: 16,000.00€ 

Total expenses 83,184.57€ 

During the period covered by this report the USD current account and the Postal savings 

accounts were closed, the money being transferred to EURO current account. The closing 

balance on the 30th of June 2005 is as specified in the table below: 

Closing balance 

of 30th June 2005 

Current accounts: EURO account 45,328.88€ 

CHF account 13,883.87€ 

Total: 59,212.75€ 

Savings accounts: EURO Money Market account 32,813.94€ 

Total available 92,026.69€ 

Loans to be reimbursed: EUSIPCO-05 15,000.00€ 

EUSIPCO-06 15,000.00€ 

ISMM-05 1.000.00€ 

Total: 31,000.00€ 

Total 123,026.69€

Awards 

EURASIP AWARDS 

Technical Achievements Award 

Georgios B. Giannakis 

Nominated by Sergios Theodoridis 

For fundamental contributions in Statistical Signal Processing and Signal Processing for Communications. 

Professor Giannakis is a truly exceptional researcher, teacher, and innovator. His interests 

and contributions include probability and statistics, time-series analysis, and system 

identification. He has played an important role in the expansion and enhancement 

of two broad areas: signal processing (e.g., non-Gaussian and non-stationary signal analysis, 

higher-order statistics, and applications in seismic, sonar, radar, and synthetic aperture 

radar processing); and digital communications (synchronization, channel estimation, 

spread spectrum and multi-carrier communications, fading counter-measures, diversity, 

spatial multiplexing and space-time coding, ultra-wideband communications, and crosslayer 

network design). 

In the course of about 20 years, Prof. Giannakis has written numerous ground breaking 

papers on these subjects. His publication record constitutes a class of its own: not only in 

terms of landmark papers and consistently high quality of every paper that he co-authors, 

but also in terms of sheer productivity. His credits include over 200 refereed journal papers 

in the most prestigious archival journals, plus over 360 refereed conference papers in the 

most prominent scientific conferences in his areas. Among his publication credits there are 

2 edited books, and 2 graduate textbooks currently in the final stages of preparation; plus 

14 contributed book chapters. 

A few representative research highlights of his work are presented below: 

Higer-Order Statistics (HOS), System Identification (SID): His results had major impact 

and found successful application in a broad range of diverse fields: from seismic 

exploration, sensor arrays, and noise cancellers, to radar, sonar, speech, and image 

processing. 

Optimal energy-compacting wavelets: In the early 90’s, Prof. Giannakis co-authored 

a paper that constituted a paradigm shift in wavelet analysis: Taking wavelets from 

the deterministic to the stochastic regime, and deriving optimal energy-compacting 

wavelet bases (so-called principal component filterbanks) for sub-band analysis of 

random signals. 

Spread Spectrum: Spread spectrum communication techniques, primarily in the 

form of direct-sequence code-division multiple access (CDMA), have permeated 

third generation wireless standards and fourth generation drafts. Prof. Giannakis and 

one of his PhD students came up with an innovative idea: they showed that, using a 

block transmission and simple interleaving and de-interleaving, it is possible to maintain 

orthogonality (and thus perfect separability) among the user transmissions, with 

only single-user equalization at the receiver.

Awards 5 

Multicarrier Communications: Prof. Giannakis and his group also pioneered outstanding 

developments in multicarrier and space-time communications and most 

notably in code designs for maximum diversity transmission-reception that harness 

time-varying multipath fading to the communicator’s advantage. 

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communications: More recently, Prof. Giannakis has been 

engaged in cutting-edge research in UWB communications, a technology slated for 

the wireless personal area network (WPAN) market. Prof. Giannakis and his students 

have contributed UWB synchronization algorithms that are the current state-of-art. 

Meritorious Service Award 

Peter M. Grant 

Nominated by Ferran Marques 

For fundamental activities in adaptive signal processing and CDMA and for continuous commitment 

with EURASIP in this last 10 years in almost all aspects from co-chairing EUSIPCO 

1994 to being the association President (2000–2002). 

Peter Grant was born in Scotland in 1944. He graduated from Heriot-Watt University, 

Edinburgh BSc (Hons) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 1966 and received his 

doctorate from the University of Edinburgh (1972-1975). Initially, his research interests 

were in SAW devices and in particular programmable analogue matched filters, employing 

hybrid microelectronic switching matrices, for detecting phase coded waveforms. He 

pioneered the application of these programmable devices as spread spectrum communication 

receivers. He also made significant contributions to the design of SAW discrete Fourier 

transform processors, for the realisation of fast, coherent, frequency hopped waveform synthesisers, 

and investigated their application to wideband signal analysis. 

Throughout the 1980s he initiated and supervised studies on the design of digital adaptive 

filters. This covered the use of linear tapped transversal, lattice, frequency domain “fast 

convolution” and neural network based nonlinear equaliser techniques. This latter work 

has investigated both Volterra series and radial basis function (RBF) structures. These supervised 

studies on linear and nonlinear adaptive filter based receivers have widespread applications 

in interference cancellation and equalisation for communications systems ranging 

from speech-band data modems, spread spectrum systems, to line of sight digital microwave 

radio-relay equipments. 

With the resurgence of interest in civilian spread spectrum or code division multiple 

access (CDMA) systems he instigated the investigation of new receiver designs. The Edinburgh 

group is recognised internationally for its pioneering contributions on CDMA multiuser 

detection techniques as they were one of the first groups to investigate this technique 

through the design of signal dependent (adaptive) receivers. Also their contributions to 

cellular base-station array processing, through the use of advanced DSP techniques for reducing 

the spatial interference, are internationally recognised. In 2002 he was elected to the 

executive board of the Mobile VCE, the UK industry-academia collaborative programme in 

mobile systems research and, currently, he is the Head of School of Engineering & Electronics 

at the University of Edinburgh.

6 EURASIP Messages 

Beyond, and maybe above all the previous points, Peter has actively contributed to the 

growth, the promotion and the management of our association. Therefore, the EURASIP 

AdCom wishes to honour Peter Grant for his merits and services with the medal for Meritorious 

Service Award 2005. 

European Group Technical Achievement Award 

Micheal G. Strintzis 

Nominated by Moncef Gabbouj 

For significant contributions to the theory and application of digital filtering, image processing, 

and coding. 

Prof. Strintzis is a truly exceptional researcher, teacher, and innovator. His formal training 

is in electrical engineering, but his interests and contributions also include digital filters 

analysis and design, time-series analysis, probability and statistics. Prof Strintzis has made 

highly significant contributions with profound impact in four areas of electrical engineering: 

1) Stability of two- and multi-dimensional discrete-time systems, 2) Coding of stereoscopic, 

multiview and three-dimensional images, 3) Wavelet and filter-bank image coders, 

4) Content-based semantic multimedia content analysis. In the course of about 20 years, 

Prof. Strintzis and his Group have written numerous ground-breaking papers on these subjects. 

Their publication record is in a class of its own. These include over 90 refereed journal 

papers in the most prestigious archival journals, plus over 230 refereed conference papers in 

the most prominent scientific conferences in their areas, and all these only the last 8 years. 

This averages to 12 refereed journal papers per year. Their publication credits also include 1 

edited book, and 2 graduate textbooks; plus 8 contributed book chapters. It is very difficult 

to capture the breadth, depth, and impact of Prof. Strintzis Group’s contribution in a concise 

nomination. In the following, I shall provide a few representative research highlights of 

the Group. 

Prof. Strintzis was named an IEEE Fellow in 2004, “For contributions to the theory and 

application of digital filtering and image processing and coding”. Each year, less than 0.1% 

of the IEEE membership can be elevated to the grade of Fellow. He is also a Member of the 

New York Academy of Sciences and one of the four Greek scientists (and 1984 scientists 

worldwide) awarded the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984. In 1999, Prof. Strintzis received 

the “Empirikion” award for research excellence in the Engineering field. 

Prof. Strintzis is one of the most frequently-cited authors in his areas: a search in Science 

Citation Index expanded yields 270 citations. SCI only counts citations in journal papers. It 

is worth mentioning that many of these citations come from some of the most prominent 

researchers in his areas. There are also numerous publications (both journal papers and 

books) that cite the DeCarlo-Strintzis theorem. As another impact metric, Prof. Strintzis 

has served or is currently serving as principal investigator/project director for about €10 

million worth of competitive research funding. There are also numerous publications (both 

journal papers and books) that cite the DeCarlo-Strintzis theorem. 

Prof. Strintzis’ Group is among the most well known scholars in their discipline. The 

Group is one of the top European engineering teams worldwide. Prof. Strintzis is truly an 

inspiring role model to his Group and aspiring European scientists and engineers, and a 

boost to the European pride.

Awards 7 

BEST PAPER AWARDS 

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing (1 award annually) 

The Journal on Applied Signal Processing Best Paper Award this year goes to: 

Z. J. Wang, M. Wu, W. Trappe, and K. J. Ray Liu, “Group-Oriented Fingerprinting for Multimedia 

Forensics,” EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, 2004:14, 2153–2173. 

For outstanding contributions to digital fingerprinting of multimedia data. 

This paper describes a method for enhancing the collusion resistance performance of 

fingerprinting systems using orthogonal modulation. A group oriented fingerprinting system 

is proposed that exploits a fundamental property of the collusion scenario and a wellcontrolled 

amount of correlations is introduced into user fingerprints, in order to improve 

colluder identification. Additionally, a more flexible tree structure-based fingerprinting system 

is derived to represent the natural hierarchical relationships between users due to social 

and geographic circumstances. An efficient and simple scheme for fingerprint design 

is derived, and a multistage colluder identification scheme proposed that exploits the hierarchical 

nature of the group-oriented system Performance criteria were analyzed to guide 

the parameter settings during the design process. By exploiting knowledge of the dynamics 

between groups of colluders, our proposed scheme illustrates a promising mechanism for 

enhancing the collusion resistance performance of a multimedia fingerprinting system. 

Signal Processing (1 award annually) 

TheSignalProcessingBestPaperAwardthisyeargoesto: 

I. C. Sikaneta and J. -Y. Chouinard, “Eigendecomposition of the multi-channel covariance 

matrix with applications to SAR-GMTI,” Signal Processing, Vol. 84, No. 9, September 2004, 

pp. 1501–1535. 

For outstanding contributions to SAR signal processing for ground moving target detection. 

This paper presents and assesses new ground moving target indication (GMTI) detectors 

from multi-channel SAR data, leading to novel theoretical developments in the field 

of random matrices, and to new detection schemes (in particular, the so-called hyperbolic 

detector) which are shown to outperform classical SAR-GMTI methods in the practically 

important case of heterogeneous terrain. The paper begins with an illuminating presentation 

of multi-channel SAR principles, along with the limitations of conventional GMTI 

detectors. Then the authors propose new detection metrics based on the eigenvalue decomposition 

of the sensor array covariance matrix. These detectors are analyzed theoretically 

in a very rigorous way, yielding a set of new results on the joint distribution of eigenvalues 

and eigenvectors of complex Wishart matrices. Based on these results, constant false alarm 

rate (CFAR) thresholds for all detectors are determined. In addition, the new methods are 

assessed on real data where they are shown to outperform conventional detectors in the 

important practical case of an heterogeneous terrain.

8 EURASIP Messages 

Speech Communication (1 award every 2 years, this year) 

The Speech Communication Best Paper Award, for the best paper published in the period 

2004-2005, this year goes to: 

Julia Hirschberg, Diane Litman, Marc Swerts, “Prosodic and Other Cues to Speech Recognition 

Failures,” Speech Communication, 43(1-2): 155-176, 2004. 

For outstanding contributions to Spoken Dialogue Systems. 

The paper describes original and important work for improving spoken dialogue systems. 

It is known that due to the fact that semantic dialogue knowledge is imperfect and 

incomplete and that automatic speech recognition systems often make errors, it is important 

to recover from failures due to these limitations. The paper contains new concepts, 

introduces new features, notably prosodic and other cues and provides useful solutions for 

developing reliable applications. 

Image Communication (1 award every 2 years, not this year) 

Status: this award is not to be assigned this year. Next year the committee will have to assign 

the award for the best paper published in the period 2004-2005.

SHORT TUTORIALS 

Content-Based Music Retrieval from 

a Pattern Recognition Perspective 

Aggelos Pikrakis 

Department of Informatics, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece 

Email: pikrakis@di.uoa.gr 

Sergios Theodoridis 

Department of Informatics, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece 

Email: stheodor@di.uoa.gr 

This paper presents an overview of the emerging field of content-based music retrieval (CBMR) from 

a pattern recognition perspective. Although CBMR is an interdisciplinary field, an attempt is made to 

highlight those aspects that are closely related to pattern recognition. An overview of typical feature 

generation schemes from music recordings is first presented. In the sequel, a categorization of CBMR 

systems into five main categories is attempted, namely: “query-by-example,” “musical genre classification,” 

“music summarization,” “instrument recognition,” and “tempo/music-meter tracking”. Toward 

this categorization, a major effort was focused to resolve certain confusion, related to the terminology 

used by various authors. In CBMR, being an interdisciplinary area, it is quite common to refer to the 

same or similar tasks using different names. 

1. Introduction 

Content-based retrieval from music databases has recently attracted significant research interest. 

Large corpora of recorded music, that are already available over the Web, have highlighted 

the need for content-based retrieval possibilities as well as automatic music annotation 

and indexing mechanisms, in order to circumvent limitations imposed by the classical 

retrieval and indexing schemes that rely solely on text-based metadata. Automatic music 

analysis and retrieval is envisaged to be one of the main services to facilitate content distribution. 

Automatic musical genre classification, querying music databases by humming the 

tune of a song, and querying by example, that is, providing a music extract of short duration 

in order to locate and retrieve the complete recording, are examples of services that are 

expected to facilitate content distribution. 

In order to address these goals, content-based music retrieval (CBMR) has recently 

emerged as an interdisciplinary field, attracting researchers with diverse research backgrounds. 

In the context of CBMR, various problems have already been addressed and have 

already reached a level of maturity, while at the same time new ones come into the scene 

and are being shaped. In this paper, we have made an attempt to review, from a pattern 

recognition perspective, the more mature tasks in the area of CBMR. The reason that a patten 

recognition viewpoint has been adopted stems from the fact that a variety of pattern

10 Short Tutorials 

recognition schemes lie in the core of the majority of approaches in CBMR. For example, 

“query-by-humming” systems usually employ dynamic time warping techniques and 

hidden Markov models for music similarity measurement; “musical genre classification” 

can be viewed as a typical pattern classification task and the same holds for “instrument 

recognition.” Toward this end, we present a categorization of CBMR systems into five key 

categories, namely: “query-by-example,” “musical genre classification,” “music summarization,” 

“instrument recognition” and “tempo/music-meter tracking.” It has to be noted that 

this is not a restrictive categorization. Our decision in favour of such a choice was driven 

by the existing key papers in the field and the need to resolve certain terminology-related 

conflicts that are inherent in most emerging research disciplines. It must also be pointed 

out that this paper is not an exhaustive review of CBMR and where appropriate, references 

to key papers in the field are provided. 

The paper is structured as follows: the next section is a brief overview of widely used 

feature generation schemes in the context of CBMR. As it is already known, a key stage 

in any pattern recognition system is the right choice of the features on which subsequent 

classification techniques will operate. Each one of the remaining sections is devoted to a 

separate category of systems, following the categorization that we have adopted. Finally, 

conclusions are presented in the last section. 

2. Feature Extraction Techniques for CBMR Systems 

This section presents the most widely used features for classification employed in CBMR 

systems. Various feature combinations have been used by researchers depending on the 

specific CBMR application field. Feature extraction schemes in CBMR typically follow a 

short-time processing approach, in order to deal with the nonstationary statistical nature 

of music signals. The reader, who is familiar with speech processing applications, will immediately 

recognize that a number of features used in CBMR were originally developed for 

speech processing applications. In addition, an increasing understanding of the psychoacoustics 

of music perception has also led to the adoption of music-specific features, as is the 

case when modeling musical timbre or human perception of pitch [1]. Early work by Wold 

[2] has proposed loudness, pitch, brightness, bandwidth, and harmonicity as critical audio 

parameters for the classification of short sounds to a predefined set of audio classes. Over 

the years a number of features were added in the list [3, 4]. 

2.1. Spectral features 

In an attempt to model musical timbre the following features have been proposed by a number 

of researchers mainly in the context of musical genre classification [3] and instrument 

recognition [4]. 

Spectral centroid: a measure of the spectral shape, with high values corresponding 

to “brighter” music sounds. 

Spectral rolloff: the frequency below which certain percentage (usually 85% or 90%) 

of the magnitude distribution of the spectrum is concentrated. 

Spectral flux: a measure of the local spectral change between successive frames.

CBMR From a Pattern Recognition Perspective 11 

Time-domain zero crossing rate: a measure of the noisiness of the signal. 

Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs): these are the well-known, from the 

speech processing research, variants of the cepstral coefficients that take into account 

the pshychophysical evidence, which suggests that perception of the frequency content 

of pure tones does not follow a linear scale [5]. 

Bandwidth: the magnitude weighted average of the differences between the spectral 

components and the centroid. 

Harmonicity: a measure of the deviation of the sounds line spectrum from a perfectly 

harmonic spectrum. 

2.2. Features related to pitch perception 

Fundamental frequency. Harmonic signals, as is the case with the signals produced 

from musical instruments or voiced speech segments, possess the distinct characteristic 

of fundamental frequency. For musical instruments, the fundamental frequency 

may vary a lot and in some cases may not even be present in the frequency spectrum, 

although the ear can have the ability to perceive it, by processing the information 

provided by the higher harmonics. Psychoacousticians, as well as musicologists, 

use the term “pitch” in order to define the perceived frequency by the ear, which, in 

some cases, may even be different from the fundamental one. Fundamental frequency 

tracking of music signals is not an easy task and a large number of techniques have 

been proposed in the published literature, especially in the case of monophonic music 

signals, e.g., [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Lately, multipitch tracking algorithms have also been 

proposed [11, 12]. 

The chroma vector. Based on early studies on the human perception of pitch [13], 

Wakefield proposed a 12-element representation of the spectral energy of a music signal, 

known as the “chroma vector” [1, 14, 15]. Each element of the vector corresponds 

to one of the twelve traditional pitch classes (i.e., twelve notes) of the equal-tempered 

scale of the Western music. The chroma vector can encode and represent harmonic 

relationships within a particular music signal. It is worth noticing that, using shortterm 

processing of audio, a chroma vector can be easily computed for each frame, 

using the FFT coefficients. The resulting sequence of chroma vectors is known as the 

chromagram (as an analogy to the spectrogram). 

2.3. Features related to the perception of rhythm 

It has recently been acknowledged by a number of researchers that short-term processing 

of music signals can yield better results, if the length of the moving window is synchronized 

with the beat onsets that are extracted by a robust beat-tracking algorithm. This implies 

that the length of the moving window need not remain constant but rather follow the beat 

variations. More generally, exploitation of the rhythmic structure of music, provided by 

tempo and music-meter tracking algorithms, is an added value for a number of CBMR 

applications [3, 15, 16]. 

2.4. Other features 

Loudness: the root mean-square (RMS) level measured in decibels, which is calculated 

by taking a sequence of windowed frames of the music signal and computing the


square root of the sum of the squares of the windowed sample values. If desired, the 

frequency response of the human ear can be taken into account by applying equalloudness 

contours [2]. 

3. Query by Example 

We have chosen to use the term “query by example” to describe a wide range of systems, 

which operate on the basis that a user provides an “example” in order to describe what 

he/she is looking for. The example can be a hummed, sung, or whistled tune recorded by 

theuser,amelodyperformedonaMIDIkeyboard,orevenamusicextractrecordedfroma 

radio program or a mobile device. Ideally, such systems should be able to perform matching 

of any audio pattern, provided by the user, against a database of possibly polyphonic raw 

audio streams. In other words, this is a typical pattern matching task. In the general case, 

this problem yet remains to be solved. However, a number of more restricted problems have 

received significant attention over the last decade and have actually been the seeds giving 

birth to the first content-based music retrieval systems ever built [17, 18]. 

3.1. Query by humming/singing/whistling 

The basic idea behind query by humming/singing/whistling systems is that a user may remember 

part of a melody of a song, but is unable to identify which song this melody comes 

from. Therefore, the user hums, sings, or whistles a tune over a microphone and submits 

this tune to a database of recordings, in expectation of the identity of the song. Early work in 

the field by Ghias [17] converted user’s input to a melodic contour (i.e., sequence of relative 

pitch transitions) by means of a fundamental frequency tracking algorithm. The contour 

was actually mapped to a string in a 3 letter alphabet (U, D, and S characters). Additionally, 

for each recording in the database the most representative melody was manually converted 

to a character sequence, following the same philosophy and was stored as metadata for the 

recording. Therefore, Ghias converted query-by-humming to a string matching problem 

and employed variations of the edit distance [19] in order to compute the best match. 

The aforementioned approach highlights the fact that query by humming and its variants 

actually match a monophonic melody (i.e., user’s input) against monophonic melodies 

that have been manually inserted in the database as metadata for the audio recordings. 

Therefore, researchers in the field have tried to improve both the front-end to such systems 

(i.e., build robust pitch tracking front-ends for hummed input [20, 21]) as well as the 

matching procedure. To this end, standard hidden Markov models (HMMs [19, 22]) have 

been employed for the modeling of the melodies in the database [23] and dynamic time 

warping algorithms have been proposed for the matching task [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]. 

Variants of these techniques, based on measures and costs especially derived for music 

signals, in order to better exploit the specific nature of the input, have been proposed in 

[31, 32]. 

3.2. Melody spotting 

In an effort to circumvent the need for metadata for each recording in the database, certain 

researchers have proposed a different melody matching philosophy, when compared with


“query-by-humming” systems. The idea is that the user’s input, that is usually provided in 

symbolic (e.g., MIDI like [33]) format, is modeled by a hidden Markov model. Each recording 

in the database is converted to a sequence of feature vectors by means of an appropriate 

feature extraction scheme. Each feature sequence is then fed as input to the HMM and 

the best-state sequence generated by a Viterbi algorithm is postprocessed in order to locate 

occurrences of the pattern. This approach to the problem is described as “melody spotting” 

and has so far been used for locating monophonic melodies in databases consisting of 

raw audio recordings, where each recording contains either instruments performing in solo 

mode [34, 35] or ensembles of instruments where one of them has a leading role [36, 37]. 

3.3. Query by music fragment 

We have used the term “query by music fragment” to refer to the problem of providing as 

input to a CBMR system part of a music piece that has been recorded from a sound source 

on a recording device (e.g., a mobile phone). The recorded music fragment is treated as a 

pattern and is submitted to a database of music recordings in order to return its identity. 

It has to be noted that this problem has so far attracted significant commercial interest. 

The challenge in this case is to address frequency and noise distortion due to the medium 

over which audio transmission took place and due to the recording device. Early work in 

the field [38] employed a problem-dependent feature extraction and pattern recognition 

scheme to solve the task. More recent work [39] has experimented with the local maxima 

of the audio waveform as a feature stemming from the time domain and has used dynamic 

programming for audio matching. 

4. Musical Genre Classification 

Musical genre classification of audio signals refers to the problem of automatically classifying 

pieces of music to a hierarchy of musical genres [3]. Due to the subjective definition of 

genre taxonomies, musical genre classification is an ill-defined problem [3, 40], because humans 

tend to create genre taxonomies driven by their cultural background. Despite this fact, 

there have been several attempts to develop genre classification schemes for a small number 

of widely used musical genres, mainly for database indexing purposes, by treating the 

problem from a pattern recognition perspective. To this end, Tzanetakis [3] hasproposed 

the extraction of a feature vector from the audio recording consisting of long-term averages 

of timbral, melodic, and rhythmic features, including MFCC’s, spectral flux, spectral centroid, 

pitch and beat histogram, and so forth. The extracted feature vector is subsequently 

treated as a pattern and is classified to a hierarchical taxonomy of genres, each of which is 

represented as a cluster of features vectors stemming from selected audio recordings. For 

the classification stage, standard techniques are employed, such as the k-nearest neighborhood 

classifier. Other researchers, following a similar approach to the problem have used 

supportvectormachines[41], neural networks, and vector quantizers for the classification 

stage [40].


5. Music Summarization 

Music summarization is an emerging research discipline which aims at extracting “key 

phrases” from an audio recording. A “key phrase” (or thumbnail) is usually defined as the 

most frequently repeated audio pattern of the recording. This is why in the literature the 

term “repeated pattern finding” is often used alternatively. The extracted “key phrases” can 

be subsequently used for indexing purposes in databases of audio recordings. Most reported 

work has focused on popular music, since this type of music possesses certain structure that 

is easier to explore, that is, it usually alternates between verses and a repeated chorus or refrain. 

The vast majority of music summarization systems employs self-similarity analysis [42] 

in order to extract repeated patterns. Therefore, at a first step, a moving window technique 

generates a sequence of feature vectors from the audio recording, with standard MFCCs 

and the chroma vector [15, 43, 44] being the most popular. The length and step of the 

moving window, although reported to have little effect on the success of the method, have 

both been a field of experimentation. Various researchers suggest that for popular music, 

with an approximately steady tempo, it is preferable to preprocess the audio recording with 

a beat-tracking algorithm and tune the moving window algorithm to the beat onsets [15]. 

In the second stage, the extracted feature sequence is used to generate a self-similarity 

matrix (SSM) for the audio recording [45]. To this end, the Euclidean, cosine, and Mahalanobis 

distance metrics have mainly been used [42, 45]. 

At a third stage, a number of researchers have focused on the information conveyed by 

the diagonals of the SSM. This is because repeated patterns (i.e., similar audio segments) 

manifest themselves as consecutive low values in the diagonals of the similarity matrix. 

Therefore, by postprocessing a range of diagonals of the SSM, it is possible to locate similar 

audio segments. In order to improve this methodology, dynamic time warping has also been 

proposed [43, 44]. As an alternative to diagonal processing, the SSM content is turned into 

an image and clustering techniques have been used in order to locate regions within the 

image that correspond to “similar segments” [45, 46, 47, 48]. 

6. Instrument Recognition—Classification of Musical Instrument Timbres 

Ideally, instrument recognition systems should be able to identify, given an audio stream, 

which instruments perform over a given time period. This is a general problem that yet remains 

to be solved. However, a simplified version of this problem has attracted the attention 

of many researchers during the last five years. Specifically, given a sound stream consisting 

of a succession of isolated instrument tones (i.e., succession of musical instruments performing 

in solo mode), the challenge is to classify each isolated sound to the respective 

instrument. This restricted version of the more general problem is also highly relevant with 

the philosophy of the MPEG-7 family of protocols [49] for the description of audio content, 

that is, instrument labels are expected to be used as audio descriptors. By the way the problem 

is defined, it is not a surprise that pattern classification techniques are again mobilized 

in order to come with a solution.


Before proceeding any further, it is important to notice that most systems in the field explore 

the “timbre” of instrument tones as a means to achieve classification of sounds [4]. In 

other words, it is assumed that different instruments possess distinct timbral characteristics. 

Therefore, it makes sense to model musical instrument timbres by means of appropriately 

selected features. Unfortunately, “timbre” is an ill-defined term. For example, the American 

National Standards Institute (ANSI) has defined timbre as “that attribute of auditory sensation 

in terms of which a listener can judge that two sounds similarly presented and having 

the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar” [50]. In order to circumvent the inherent illdefinition 

of “timbre,” researchers have resorted to a number of spectrally derived features 

as an approximation to the notion of “timbre.” The proposed features include MFCCs, spectral 

centroid, inharmonicity, and so forth, [4, 51, 52, 53, 54]. These are extracted by means 

of a moving window technique followed by an averaging operation over the entire instrument 

tone. This feature extraction scheme is usually preceded by a segmentation process, 

which aims at breaking the audio stream into a sequence of isolated tones. 

Having extracted a feature vector from an instrument tone, the next step is to treat 

distinct instrument timbres as classes and classify the unknown feature vector to the corresponding 

instrument. To this end, a large number of pattern classifiers have been tested 

including variants of the classic bayesian classifier, k-nearest neighbours, support vector 

machines, neural networks, and hidden Markov models. In a number of systems, principal 

component analysis and related techniques have been employed in order to improve the 

quality of the selected features. The above methods have been used on diverse data sets, 

including orchestral and percussive instruments. Most researchers have reported promising 

results. For a recent review in the field, see [4, 53]. 

7. Tempo and music meter tracking 

Since the early 90’s, several attempts have been made to create an algorithmic perception 

of rhythm. Early research has focused on tempo tracking of MIDI signals, [55, 56, 57, 58, 

59, 60]. The need to circumvent the limitations imposed by MIDI signals led to the development 

of several tempo and music meter tracking methodologies that were applied 

on raw polyphonic audio. Goto and Muraoko [61, 62] focused on real-time beat tracking 

of popular music, assuming a tempo range of 61–120 bpm and music meter 4/4. Shceirer 

[63] introduced a tempo tracking approach that is independent of musical genre and does 

not demand a constant beat track. Foote [16, 45, 46, 64] investigated the properties of the 

“self-similarity matrix” and proposed the generation of the “beat spectrum” from audio 

recordings. A comparative study of tempo trackers was given by Dixon in [65], who also 

presented a real-time tempo tracker capable of displaying tempo variations in an animated 

display [66]. 

The majority of the above methods suggest that tempo and music meter appear as repeating 

events (patterns) in the structure of a music piece [16, 67, 68, 69], therefore the 

challenge is to reveal the respective periodicities by means of appropriate analysis.


8. Conclusions 

This paper has been an attempt to present the area of CBMR from a pattern recognition 

perspective, acknowledging the fact that pattern recognition lies in the core of most systems 

in the field. This viewpoint has permitted categorizing CBMR systems to five categories. 

Current trends in CBMR indicate that as the area matures, the demand for advanced pattern 

recognition techniques and methodologies will continuously increase. 

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Calendar of Events 


Year Date Event Location 

2005 October 

15–16 

September 

22–24 

November 

15 

2006 March 

13–15 

March 

15–17 

June 

5–7 

June 

26–28 

June 

28–30 

August 

21–23 

September 

4–8 

2007 September 

4–8 

5th International Conference Athen, 

on Technology and Automation 

(ICTA05) 

Greece 

12th International Workshop Chalkida, 

on Systems, Signals and Image 

Processing, IWSSIP05 

Greece 

EURASIP 

Involvement 

Chairperson/Information 

Cooperation Constantinos Batas 

http://icta05.teithe.gr/ 

Cooperation Stamatis Voliotis 

http://www.teihal.gr/iwssip05/ 

Humusoft05: International Prague, CZ Cooperation Ales Prochazka 

Conference Technical Com- 

http://www.humusoft.cz/akce/ 

puting Prague 2005 

matlab05/indexen.htm 

2nd international Symposium Marrakesh, 

on Communications, Con- Marocco 

trol and Signal Processing, 

ISCCSP06 

Cognitive Systems with interactive 

sensors (COGIS06) 

Fifth International Workshop 

on Information Optics 

48th Intern. Symposium 

ELMAR06 

18th international Conference 

Biosignal 2006 

Paris, 

France 

Toledo, 

Spain 

Zadar, 

Croatia 

Brno, 

Czech 

Republic 

4th International Workshop Leuven, 

on Total Least Squares and 

Errors-in-Variables Modeling 

Belgium 

14th European Signal Pro- Florence, 

cessing Conference (EUSIPCO 

2006) 

Italy 

15th European Signal Pro- Poznan, 

cessing Conference (EUSIPCO 

2007) 

Poland 

Cooperation Omar Fassi Fehri 

http://www.fsr.ac.ma/ 

ISCCSP2006/ 

Cooperation Roger Reynaud 

http://www.cogis06.org 

Cooperation Gabriel Cristobal 

http://www.iv.optica.csic.es/ 

WIO-06.html 

Cooperation Mislav Grgic 

http://www.elmar-zadar.org/ 

Cooperation Jiri Jan 

http://www.dbme.feec.vutbr.cz/ 

bs2006.html 

Cooperation Sabine Van Huffel, 

Ivan Markovsky 

http://www.esat.kuleuven.be/ 

∼imarkovs/workshop.html 

Sponsor Marco Luise 

http://www.eusipco2006.org/ 

Sponsor Marek Domanski 

http://www.multimedia.edu.pl 

Markus Rupp 

Workshops/Confs Coordinator EURASIP

5 th International Conference on Technology and Automation ICTA'05 

15-16 October 2005 

Thessaloniki, Greece 

Dept. of Automation 

Techn. Educ. Inst. of Thesaloniki 

Call for Papers 

The Department of Automation, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece, organizes the 5 th International 

Conference on Technology and Automation (ICTA’05), to be held in Thessaloniki, Greece, 15-16 October 2005. The 

conference is sponsored by the IEEE-Greek Section and IEEE-Control Systems Society-Greek Chapter, and it is held in 

cooperation with EURASIP (European Association for Signal-Image Processing). As stated in the title, this is the 5 th in a row 

of a series of conferences held in Greece, the first one held back in 1996. 

Scope: The scope of ICTA'05 is to bring together researchers from all over the world and to promote activities in various 

areas of control and automation by providing a forum for the presentation of technical achievements and future directions. 

Leading experts from all over the world participate in the International Program Committee. A number of prestigious journals, 

technical societies and associations are represented by their editors and chairmen. 

Venue: Vellidion Conference Center, Thessaloniki, 

Main Areas 

Automatic Control and Systems Modeling 

Intelligent Control Systems 

Robotics 

Automation, Instrumentation and Measurements 

Signal and Image Processing 

General Chair 

Constantinos Batas 

Job van Amerongen, Univ. of Twente, The Netherlands 

Panos Antsaklis, Univ. of Notre Dame, USA 

Jim Bezdek, Univ. of West Florida, USA 

Abdess. Bouzerdoum, Univ. of Wollongong, Australia 

Denis Dochain, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Belgium 

Paolo Dario, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Italy 

Gintautas Dzemyda, Inst. of Math. and Inf., Lithuania 

Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, Univ. of Utah, USA 

Mo Jamshidi, Univ. of New Mexico, USA 

Toshio Fukuda, Nagoya Univ., Japan 

Brian Johnson, Univ. of Idaho, USA 

Nicos Karcanias, City Univ., London, U.K. 

Derong Liu, Univ. of Illinois, USA 

Vitor Nascimento, Univ. of Sao Paolo, Brazil 

Bradley Nelson, ETH Zurich, Switzerland 

Thomas Parisini, Univ. of Trieste, Italy 

Gabor Peceli, Tech. Univ. of Budapest, Hungary 

Marios Polycarpou, Univ. of Cyprus, Cyprus 

Joe Qin, Univ. of Texas, Austin, USA 

Markus Rupp, Tech.Univ. of Vienna, Austria 

Dierk Schroeder, Tech.Univ. of Muenchen, Germany 

Bruno Siciliano, Univ. di Napoli Federico II, Italy 

Zidong Wang, Brunel Univ., U.K. 

Program Chair 

Panagiotis Tzionas 

website: http://icta05.teithe.gr 

International Program Committee 

Contact Information 

5 th Int. Conf. on Technology and Automation (ICTA'05) 

Dept. of Automation 

Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki 

57400 Thessaloniki, Greece 

tel.: (+30) 2310 791 291, 2310 791 288 

fax.: (+30) 2310 791 291, 2310 791 425 

email: infoicta@teithe.gr, website: http://icta05.teithe.gr 

Important Dates 

10 May 2005 Full paper submission deadline 

20 June 2005 Notification of acceptance 

15 July 2005 Camera-ready submission deadline 

Editors 

Dimitris Manolakis 

Aristides Gogoussis 

Hong Wang, UMIST, Manchester, U.K. 

Lipo Wang, Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore 

John Andreadis, Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece 

Yiannis Boutalis, Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece 

George Chamilothoris, Tech. Educ. Inst. Piraeus, Greece 

George Chasapis, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece 

Manolis Christodoulou, Techn. Univ. of Crete, Greece 

Nikos Constantinides, Tech. Educ. Inst. of Thess. Greece 

Robert King, Univ. of Patras, Greece 

Stamatis Manesis, University of Patras, Greece 

Basil Mertzios, Tech. Educ. Inst. of Thessaloniki, Greece 

Simira Papadopoulou, Tech. Educ. Inst. of Thessal, Greece 

Paraskevas Paraskevopoulos, NTU, Athens, Greece 

Stavros Perantonis, Nat. Centre Sci. Res., Athens, Greece 

Vasilis Petridis, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece 

Loukas Petrou, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece 

Ioannis Pitas, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece 

George Stavrakakis, Techn. Univ. of Crete, Chania, Greece 

Basil Tourasis, Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece 

Panos Trahanias, Univ. of Crete, Heraklion, Greece 

Antonis Vardoulakis, Aristotle Univ. of Thess., Greece 

Spyros Voutetakis, Chem. Process Engin. Res. Inst., Greece 

Paper Submission 

Authors should submit their full papers electronically in PDF 

format in English language. Six camera-ready pages in IEEE 

two-column format, including figures, tables and references 

are allowed for each paper. Author guidelines and sample 

papers can be found at the conference site

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 

General Chair 

StamatisVoliotis, Greece 

General Co-Chair 

Theodore Zahariadis, Greece 

Program Chair 

Dimitrios Karras, Greece 

Publicity Chair 

Panos Liatsis, UK 

Financial Chair 

IoannisStatharas, Greece 

Tutorials Chair 

Marek Domański, Poland 

Special Sessions Chair 

Mislav Grgic, Croatia 

Proceedings Chair 

Dimitrios Bargiotas, Greece 

Members 

Kosmas Kouroumbas, Greece 

ChristosManasis, Greece 

NikolaosKatevas, Greece 

Antonios Baldoukas, Greece 

PROGRAM COMMITTEE 

L. Chariglione, Italy 

P. Cristea, Romania 

Z. Cucej, Slovenia 

M. Domanski, Poland 

B. Doshi, USA 

T. Ebrahimi, Switzerland 

K. Fazekas, Hungary 

M. Grgic, Croatia 

S. Grgic, Croatia 

U. Heute, Germany 

A. K. Katsaggelos, USA 

D. Kazakos, USA 

P. Liatsis, UK 

R. Lukac, Canada 

B. Mertzios, Greece 

F. Pereira, Portugal 

I. Pitas, Greece 

P. Podhradský, Slovak Republic 

K.R. Rao, USA 

G. Rozinaj, Slovak Republic 

R. Schaefer, Germany 

M. Sonka, USA 

B. Šimák, Czech Republic 

R. Stasinski, Poland 

M. Tekalp, USA 

J. Turán, Slovak Republic 

K. Wajda, Poland 

N. Zervos, Greece 

M. Zorzi, Italy 

B. Zovko-Cihlar, Croatia 

Technological 

Educational 

Institute 

of Chalkida 

IWSSIP'05 

12 

September 22-24, 2005 -Chalkida, Greece 

th International Workshop on Systems, Signals &Image Processing 

CALL FOR PAPERS 

The 12th International Workshop on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, IWSSIP'05 is 

organised by the TEI of Chalkida, Greece, in co-operation with the IEEE, the IEEE Signal 

Processing Society, the IEE and the EURASIP. IWSSIP'05 is an International Workshop on the 

theoretical, experimental and applied signal and image processing techniques and systems 

which brings together researchers and developers from both academia and industry to report on 

the latest scientific and theoretical advances, to discuss and debate major issues and to 

demonstrate state-of-the-art systems. The IWSSIP'05 Program will also include a variety of 

special sessions and tutorials devoted to recent and important developments in the field. 

SCOPE 

1. Signal Processing - Adaptive DSP algorithms; Filter Bank Theory; Spectrum Estimation and 

Processing; Non-linear Systems; Digital Transforms; Multidimensional Signal Processing. 

2. Technologies. Neural Networks; Fuzzy Systems; Expert Systems; Genetic Algorithms; 

Pattern Recognition; Data Fusion. 

3. Multimedia Content Processing: Speech Processing & Recognition, Audio Enhancement, 

Image Representation and Modelling, Image Restoration and Enhancement, Colour & 3D 

Vision, Image and Video Analysis, Watermarking, New Media. 

4. Multimedia Data Compression: Speech and Audio Compression, Image and Video Coding, 

Scalable Techniques, Standards. 

5. Multimedia Systems: Multimodal Interfaces, Networked Multimedia, Seamless Audiovisual 

Networks, Multimedia Services; Multimedia Servers; Multimedia Streaming, Wireless and 

Mobile Multimedia, Universal Multimedia Access, Right Protection and Management. 

6. Metadata and Media Abstracts, Content Description, Audiovisual Databases. 

7. Implementations. Analog/Digital Circuits & Systems for Audio, Image & Video Processing; 

Architectures and VLSI Hardware, Programmable Signal Processors, Real-time Software. 

8. Applications: Bioinformatics, Broadcasting, Communications, Digital Production, Medical; 

Robotics; Speech; Television; Telepresence, e-learning; Virtual Reality. 

SUBMISSION PROCEDURE 

Prospective authors are invited to submit original research papers in any of the technical areas 

listed above. They should submit their full paper in English, including the summary of the 

accomplishments and the significance of the contribution. Submission should include in a 

separate sheet the author(s) name(s) and affiliation(s); the contact author should be identified by 

providing his/her mail and e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers. All papers will be fully 

peer reviewed. Hardcopy and electronic submission, along with www uploading are available. 

For more information please visit the official IWSSIP05 Site: http://www.teihal.gr/iwssip05 

Accepted papers will be published in the IWSSIP’05 Proceedings. At least one author of each 

accepted paper must register for the conference and present the contribution. After further peer 

reviewing, selected papers will be proposed for publication in special issues of scientific 

journals. 

SCHEDULE 

Deadline for submission of full papers: May 23, 2005 

Notification of acceptance mailed out by: June 27, 2005 

Speakers and Early Registration deadline: July 4, 2005 

Deadline for submission of camera-ready papers: July 11, 2005 

Registration deadline: August 12, 2005 

CONFERENCE SITE 

IWSSIP’05 will be held at LUCY HOTEL, 10 Voudouri Av., GR-34100 Chalkida, Greece 

Information:http://www.teihal.gr/iwssip05 and iwssip05@teihal.gr

International Conference 

Technical Computing Prague 2005 

November 15, 2005, Prague, Czech Republic 

Congress Center of the Czech Technical University 

Masarykova college, Thákurova 1, Prague 6, CZ 

http://www.humusoft.cz/akce/matlab05/indexen.htm 

The conference aim is to present the latest developments and 

applications of advanced software tools in technical computation, data 

analysis, modelling and simulation. 

The conference will provide a forum where engineers and researchers 

from both industry and academia share their experience. Papers will 

cover applications of MATLAB, Simulink and FEMLAB in a diverse 

range of disciplines. 

Authors are invited to submit original papers describing recent work 

related to the conference suggested topics. 

The conference proceedings will consist of printed Abstract 

Proceedings and CD-ROM Proceedings with full papers and 

presentations in electronic form - each author has 5MB of disk space 

allocated. 

Please send your paper abstracts and full papers by email to the 

conference address at: conference@humusoft.com in PDF format. 

Requirements for all proceedings submissions: 

Languages: English, Czech, Slovak 

Page size: A4 

Length: Abstracts - 1 page Full Papers - 5 MB 

Format: PDF, all fonts included, 

filename = author's last name 

Margins: top and bottom 2cm left and right 2,5cm 

Title of paper: Capitals, 12pt, Bold, centered 

Author names: Centered beneath the Title, plain Italics 

Author affiliations: Centered beneath author names, normal font 

Other contact information can be placed at the end of an article 

(address, email, phone etc.) 

Abstract Submission Deadline: September 18, 2005. 

Notification of Acceptance: September 30, 2005. 

Paper Submission Deadline: October 9, 2005. 

Conference topics 

Methods and algorithms, analysis, 

modelling and simulation in: 

• Control Engineering 

• Video and Image Processing 

• Applied Mathematics and Physics 

• Communication Technology 

• Chemical Technology 

• Medical Applications 

• Data Acquisition & Interpretation 

• Multiphysics Modelling 

• Structural Computation 

• Biotechnology 

• Earth Science and the Environment 

• Finance 

Conference Committee 

CALL 

FOR 

PAPERS 

Prof. Cleve Moler, The MathWorks, USA 

Prof. Aleš Procházka, VSCHT Praha, CZ 

Bertil Walden, Comsol, SE 

Róbert Bartko, TnU A.D., SK 

Martin Foltin, STU Bratislava, SK 

Jan Houška, Humusoft, CZ 

Petr Byron, Humusoft, CZ 

For further information, check the 

conference Web page 

http://www.humusoft.cz/akce/matlab05/indexen.htm 

or contact: 

HUMUSOFT s.r.o. 

Pobřežní 20 

186 00 Praha 8 

Czech Republic 

Tel. +420 284 011 730 

Fax +420 284 011 740 

E-mail conference@humusoft.com 

Conference partners: Media partners:

Symposium Organizing Committee 

Honorary Chair 

Omar Fassi Fehri 

General Co-Chairs 

Driss Aboutajdine, Morocco 

Sanjit K. Mitra, USA 

Mohamed Najim, France 

Technical Program Co-Chairs 

Moncef Gabbouj, Finland 

Janah Saadi, Morocco 

Special Sessions Co-Chairs 

Jao Hespanha,USA 

Urbashi Mitra, USA 

Ali Sayed, USA 

Finance Chair 

Mohamed Zyoute, Morocco 

Publicity Co-Chairs 

Eric Grivel, France 

Abdellah Adib, Morocco 

Publication Co-Chairs 

Ioan Tabus, Finland 

Rachid Oulad Haj Thami, Morocco 

Local Arrangements 

Co-Chairs 

Abdellah Ait Ouhmane, Morocco 

M’hammed Bakrim, Morocco, 

Control 

L. Giarre, Italy 

R. Guidorzi, Italy 

J. Hespanha, USA 

M. Jamshidi , USA 

M. Khammash, USA 

S. Menani, Finland 

M. Msaad, France 

Z. Vukic, Croatia 

M. Zribi, Kuwait 

Network of excellence on IT 

FIRST CALL FOR PAPERS 

Second International Symposium on 

Communications, Control 

and Signal Processing 

Kenzi Farah Hotel, Marrakech, Morocco 

March 13-15, 2006 

http://www.fsr.ac.ma/ISCCSP2006/ 

The 2006 International Symposium on Communications, 

Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP ’06) will be held at the 

KENZI FARAH Hotel, Marrakech, Morocco. Its purpose is to be a 

forum for technical exchange among scientists, with common 

interests in control, communications and signal and image 

processing. Marrakech is one of the four Imperial Cities of 

medieval Morocco and belongs to UNESCO patrimony. We also 

hope every participant will have an opportunity to discover the 

fascinating city of Marrakech. 

SCOPE: The technical program will include invited plenary 

lectures, regular technical sessions, and special sessions covering 

the three major tracks: Control, Communications and Signal & 

Image Processing. 

CONFIRMED PLENARY SPEAKERS: 

� K. Diepold, Germany 

� N.S. Jayant, USA 

� V. Kucera, Czech Republic. 

� M. A. Lagunas, Spain. 

� R. Schultz, USA 

� M. Vetterli, Switzerland. 

SCHEDULE: 

� Electronic submission of the four-page paper: Sept. 19, 2005 

� Notification of acceptance: Nov. 18, 2005 

� Final version due Dec. 23, 2005 

� Registration due: Feb. 1, 2006 

For up-to-date information and paper submission, please visit the 

Symposium web site. Please note that, at least one author of each 

accepted paper must register. 

Technical program committee in 

Communications Signal & Image Processing 

A. Beghdadi, France 

H. Abdel Nour, Palestine Z. Belhaj, Tunisia 

A. F. Almutairi, Kuwait 

B. Boashash, Australia 

S. Benedetto, Italy 

J. M., Chassery, France 

G. Fettweis, Germany 

A. Delbimbo, Italy 

N. Fliege, Germany 

B. Grosky, USA 

R. Hamila, UAE 

S. Hemami, USA 

M. Jaidane, Tunisia 

T. Jurij, Slovenia 

K. B. Letaief, Hong Kong M. Kunt, Switzerland 

S. Saoudi, France 

Ph. Loubaton , France 

D. Slock, France 

F. Pereira, Portugal 

L. Tong, USA 

A Sbihi, Morocco 

J. Vidal, Spain 

A. Tewfik, USA 

M. Viberg, Sweden

BIOSIGNAL 2006 

18-th Biennial International EURASIP Conference 

Brno, Czech Republic 

June 28 to 30, 2006 

___________________________________________________________ 

Conference Chairman 

Prof. Jiří Jan 

Department of Biomedical Engineering 

Brno University of Technology 

Organiser 

Department of Biomedical 

Engineering, Faculty of Electrical 

Engineering and Communication, 


Co-sponsor 

EURASIP - European Association for 

Speech, Signal and Image Processing 

Technical Co-sponsor 

IEEE - Engineering in Medicine and 

Biology Society 

Collaborating Institution 

Czech Society for Biomedical 

Engineering and Medical Informatics 

International Program 

Committee 

I. Bajla, Slovakia 

E. R. Carson, United Kingdom 

G. Christé, France 

J. Cmíral, Czech Republic 

J. L. Coatrieux, France 

D. Evans, United Kingdom 

H.-J. Hein, Germany 

U. Heute, Germany 

J. Jan, Czech Republic 

D. Levický, Slovakia 

J. P. Marques de Sá, Portugal 

I. Provazník, Czech Republic 

C. A. Swenne, The Netherlands 

J. Šimurda, Czech Republic 

N. V. Thakor, United States 

E. Tkacz, Poland 

R. Vích, Czech Republic 

J. Zvárová, Czech Republic 

Local Organising Committee 

I. Provazník (chairman), J. Jan, 

J. Kozumplík, J. Bardoňová, P. Fedra 

R. Kolář, R. Jiřík 

Conference Secretariat 

BIOSIGNAL 2006 Conference 

Department of Biomedical Engineering 


Kolejní 4 

61200 Brno, Czech Republic 

tel. (+420) 541 149 562 

fax. (+420) 541 149 542 

E-mail: bs2006@feec.vutbr.cz 


CONFERENCE PROFILE 

A. Measurement and Interpretation of Physiological Signals 

B. Medical Imaging and Image Analysis 

C. Signal Based Modelling and Simulation in Biomedicine 

D. Multimedial Data in Clinical Decision Making 

E. Education in Biomedical Engineering/Medical Informatics 

The conference should give a forum for information exchange 

among theoreticians, engineers, and medical people. Original papers, 

research results, and contributions concerning interesting 

technical solutions will be appreciated as well as clinical experiences 

and survey lectures for presentation in A, B, C, and D sessions. The 

development in curricula for graduate and postgraduate students of 

biomedical and clinical engineering and of medical informatics will be 

discussed in E session. There will be also a possibility for poster 

presentation in all sessions. The conference will be open to contributions 

from related fields. 

STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION 

The Student Paper Competition will provide opportunities for graduate 

and doctoral students to present their work to a panel of experts 

and to get special recognition from the biomedical engineering 

community. 

CONFERENCE VENUE 

The conference will be held in Brno, Czech Republic, in the central 

part of Europe. Brno is situated in a picturesque countryside and 

represents the centre of the province of Moravia. The city of Brno 

official information source can be found on http://www.brno.cz. 

INFORMATION SOURCES 

Prospective participants may get the information by E-mail at 

bs2006@feec.vutbr.cz. On-line registration, updates on conference 

news and technical program information will be provided continuously 

on http://www.dbme.feec.vutbr.cz/bs2006.html. 

IMPORTANT DATES 

today till December 1, 2005 on-line registration 

December 1, 2005 extended abstract deadline 

June 28, 2006 conference opening

Instructions to authors Dates and Deadlines Call For Paper 

June 1, 2005: 

Notification of acceptance of special sessions 

Only electronic submissions are allowed in MS 

Word format through the robot of the web site. 

C O G I S ‘ 0 6 

June 30, 2005: 

Intent of submission (abstract format) 

August 26, 2005: 

Submission of full draft papers 

COGnitive systems with 

September 30, 2005: 

Notification of acceptance of full draft papers 

Interactive Sensors 

November 30, 2005: 

Submission of final papers 

Intent of submission (abstract format) 

The intent of submission includes the following pieces of 

information: 

1. the title of your paper and its relevant topic (please 

choose one or more of the conference topics) 

2. whether you prefer an oral presentation, a poster 

presentation or are flexible to present either way, 

depending on recommendations from the reviewers 

and availability of space 

3. the name of the authors and their affiliations 

(including the contact author's name, address and 

email address) 

4. the abstract of your paper (no more than 200 words) 

5. keywords for your paper (up to a maximum of 6) 

15-17 March 2006 

March 15-17, 2006: 

Conference 

Espace Saint-Martin 

Paris, France 

Submission of full draft papers 

Draft papers are required by the due date for 

acceptance by the scientific committee. They 

must follow MS Word format available on the 

web site and have no more than 8 pages 

(template available on the website). 

Recommendation 

The preliminary program will be available on 

web site, please check regularly for updated 

information and details about final submission 

format and deadlines. 

Accepted special sessions available on 

http://www.cogis06.org/

Topics 

Scientific Committee 

Scope 

Methods 

� Data processing: data mining, data fusion, theories of 

evidence, fuzzy sets, possibilities, information theory, 

neural networks, image interpretation; 

� Resource management: decision theory, multi-criteria 

decision, distributed control; 

� Optimization: linear and non-linear optimization, 

dynamic programming, discrete optimization, genetic 

and evolutionary algorithms, simulated annealing, 

shape optimization; 

� Strategy development: search theory, cooperative 

game theory, planing and scheduling, resource 

allocation; 

� Artificial Intelligence: logic, rule based systems, 

distributed artificial intelligence, multi-agents; 

� Human factors: behavior modeling, man-machine 

interaction; 

� Complex system engineering: formal and semi-formal 

modeling, knowledge based systems; 

� Architecture development: design methodologies and 

functional models, configurable architectures, open 

scalable architecture, network centric warfare, 

network enabling capability , system interoperability; 

� Simulation: High Level Architecture for simulation 

and interoperability, distributed simulation. 

Chairman: Michel MINOUX, Université Paris-6 

André AYOUN, Thales Raytheon Systems, France 

Raja CHATILA, LAAS, France 

Laurent CHAUDRON, ONERA, France 

Gilles COPPIN, ENST-Bretagne, France 

Olivier DE PEUFEILHOUX, EADS/DCS, France 

Pierre GLIZE, IRIT, France 

Michel GRABISCH, Université Paris-1, France 

Vikram KRISHNAMURTHY, University of British 

Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 

Jean-Pierre LECADRE, IRISA, France 

Didier MASSONNET, CNES, France 

Juliette MATTIOLI, Thales TRT, France 

Kees NIEUWENHUIS, TRT, The Netherlands 

Vincent NIMIER, ONERA, France 

Frédéric PRADEILLES, DGA, France 

Christian RAVAT, Thales, France 

Patrick TAILLIBERT, Thales Airborne Systems, France 

Piet VAN GENDEREN, Technical University Delft 

Bertrand ZAVIDOVIQUE, Université Paris-Sud, France 

Sensors are now more and more integrated in complex 

systems and information systems. This trend aims at 

implementing more coherent, efficient, and reactive 

processes. Nevertheless, their development involves 

suitable evolutions in signal and image processing 

concepts. On the one hand, disparate data have to be 

efficiently managed from the observation to the decision 

level, taking into account all their specificities. On the 

other hand, information has to be obtained through a 

dynamical process of resource management, such that the 

whole system provides the best fitting with needs, 

environment and context. Obviously system design and 

control are major problems in term of autonomy of sensors 

and interactions between them, and they need individual 

and collective behavior optimization. 

The purpose of the symposium is to built a prospective 

view of this particularly large but emergent thematic, 

considering methodological aspects as well as application 

potential. 

Steering Committee 

Chairman: Roger REYNAUD, Université Paris-Sud 

Contact 

Applications 

Florence FERRY 

� Tactical situation assessment; 

� Cooperative multi platforms warfare; 

� Air defense systems; 

� Surveillance systems; 

� Alert systems; 

� Recognition systems; 

� Intelligence; 

� Information systems; 

� Autonomous vehicles; 

� Robotics; 

� Agile multisensor perception systems; 

� Co-operative intelligent systems; 

� Security systems; 

� Diagnosis; 

� Biological systems; 

S.E.E. 

Congress Department 

COGIS’ 06 

17 rue Hamelin 

75783 PARIS CEDEX 16 

Tel. : +33 1 56 90 37 05 

Fax : +33 1 56 90 37 08 

Email : cogis06@see.asso.fr 

http://www.cogis06.org/ 

Stefan ARNBORG, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Sw 

Alain APPRIOU, ONERA, France 

Frédéric BARBARESCO, Thales Air Defence, France 

Jacques BLANC-TALON, DGA/DCE/CTA, France 

Eloi BOSSE, RDDC Valcartier, Canada 

Peter BRAID, MoD-DSTL, UK 

Ernst D. DICKMANNS, Germany 

Alain DOHET, DGA/DET/SDPCT, France 

Alfonso FARINA, Alenia Marconi Systems, Italy 

Sylvain GATEPAILLE, EADS DCS, France 

Leon KESTER, TNO, The Netherlands 

Wolgang KOCH, FGAN, Germany 

François LE CHEVALIER, Thales Aerospace Division, Fr 

Dominique LUZEAUX, DGA/DQP/CTSI, France 

Branko RISTIC, DSTO, Australia 

Marc SCHOENAUER, INRIA, France 

Barry TRIMMER, Thales Aerospace Division, UK 

Pramod VARSHNEY, Syracuse University, USA 

Michaël C. WICKS, AFRL, USA


14th European Signal Processing Conference 

EUSIPCO 2006 

September 4-8, 2006, Florence, Italy 

The 2006 European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO-2006) is the fourteenth 

in a series of conferences promoted by EURASIP, the European Association 

for Signal, Speech, and Image Processing (www.eurasip.org). Formerly biannual, 

this conference turns for the second time into a yearly event. This edition will 

be organized by the University of Pisa in the Palazzo dei Congressi, at the very 

heart of Florence, the capital of Italian Renaissance. 

EUSIPCO-2006 will focus on the key aspects of signal processing theory and applications 

as listed below. Exploration of new avenues and methodologies of signal 

processing will also be encouraged. Accepted papers will be published in the Proceedings 

of EUSIPCO-2006. Acceptance will be based on quality, relevance and 

originality. Proposals for special sessions and tutorials are also invited. 

Areas of Interest 

• Audio and Electroacoustics 

• Design and Implementation 

of Signal Processing Systems 

• Image and Multidimensional Signal 

Processing 

• Multimedia Signal Processing 

• Signal Detection and Estimation 

• Sensor Array and Multichannel 

Processing 

• Signal Processing for Communications 

Best Student Paper Awards 

There will be a student paper contest. Student 

authors who appear as first authors in a paper may 

enter the student paper contest. 

Submission 

Procedures to submit a paper, proposals for special sessions/tutorials, can be 

found at www.eusipco2006.org. Submitted papers must be camera-ready, 

final, no more than four pages long all inclusive and conforming to the format 

specified on the EUSIPCO web-site above. 

Important Dates 

Proposals for Special Sessions and Tutorials: December 02, 2005 

Submission of Full papers: January 20, 2006 

Notification of Acceptance: April 07, 2006 

Submission of Camera-Ready Papers and Registration: May 05, 2006 

www.eusipco2006.org 

• Speech Processing 

• Education in Signal Processing 

• Nonlinear Signal Processing 

• Medical Imaging and Image 

Analysis 

• Signal Processing Applications 

(Biology, Geophysics, Seismic, 

Radar, Sonar, Remote Sensing, 

Astronomy, Bio-informatics, 

Positioning etc.) 

• Emerging Technologies 

European Association 

for Signal, Speech and 

Image Processing 

General Chairman 

Marco Luise 

University of Pisa, Italy 

m.luise@iet.unipi.it 

Technical Program Chairman 

Fulvio Gini 


f.gini@iet.unipi.it 

Special Sessions and 

Plenary Talks 

Giovanni Sicuranza 

University of Trieste, Italy 

sicuranz@univ.trieste.it 

Helmut Bölcksei 

ETH Zürich, Switzerland 

boelcskei@nari.ee.ethz.ch 

Tutorials 

Ercan E. Kuruoğlu 

CNR, Pisa, Italy 

kuruoglu@isti.cnr.it 

Publications 

Maria S. Greco 


m.greco@iet.unipi.it 

Luca Fanucci 

CNR, Pisa, Italy 

l.fanucci@iet.unipi.it 

Local Arrangements 

Filippo Giannetti 


f.giannetti@iet.unipi.it 

Arianna Morelli 


arianna.morelli@iet.unipi.it 

Publicity 

G. Tong Zhou 

Georgia Tech, USA 

gtz@ece.gatech.edu 

Romano Fantacci 

University of Florence, Italy 

fantacci@lenst.det.unifi.it 

US Liason 

Georgios B. Giannakis 

University of Minnesota, USA 

georgios@ece.umn.edu 

Exhibits & Awards 

Fabrizio Berizzi 


f.berizzi@iet.unipi.it 

Secretariat and Registration 

D.G.M.P. srl 

info@dgmpincor.it 

tel. +39 050 879740 

fax +39 050 879812

WORKSHOP Co-chairs 

G. Cristobal, CSIC, Spain 

B. Javidi, Univ. 

Connecticut (USA) 

S. Vallmitjana, Univ. 

Barcelona (Spain) 

LOCAL 

ARRANGEMENTS 

G. Bueno (Spain) 

PROGRAM COMMITTEE 

P. Andres (Spain) 

H.H. Arsenault (Canada) 

A. Beghdadi (France) 

B. Beferull (Spain) 

J. Campos (Spain) 

L. Cohen (USA) 

S. Cuenca (Spain) 

M. Desco (Spain) 

B. Escalante (Mexico) 

C. Ferreira (Spain) 

J. Flusser (Czech Rep.) 

L. Galleani (Italy) 

N. Garcia (Spain) 

J. Hernández-Andres 

(Spain) 

M. Keil (Spain) 

P. Loughlin (USA) 

J. Lopez (Spain) 

T. Lourens (Japan) 

S. Marcos (Spain) 

M. S. Millán (Spain) 

D. Nelson (USA) 

H. Neumann (Germany) 

I. Pratikakis (Greece) 

D. Psaltis (USA) 

P. Refregier (France) 

A. Santos (Spain) 

J. Sheridan (Ireland) 

F. Sroubek (Czech Rep) 

B. Suter (USA) 

L. Torres (Spain) 

J. Villanueva (Spain) 

W. Williams (USA) 

M. J. Yzuel (Spain) 

CONFERENCE 

M ANAGEMENT 

Univ. Castilla la Mancha 

WEB ADMINISTRATOR 

Univ. Castilla la Mancha 

SPONSORS 

IEEE (Spanish Section) 

EURASIP 

Fifth International Workshop on Information 

Optics (WIO-06) 

June 5-7, 2006 

Toledo, Spain 

Edificio Universitario de San Pedro Mártir 

Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 


http://www.iv.optica.csic.es/WIO-06.html 

The 2006 Workshop on Information Optics (WIO-06) will be a forum for scientific interaction and 

collaboration between well known scientists in the field and educational outreach to students. This 

workshop will feature keynote addresses, technical presentations and special sessions that will be 

included in the registration. 

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: 

• Time-frequency time-scale representations 

• Fractional Fourier optics 

• Wavelets, multiwavelets and complex wavelets 

• Gabor functions. Overcomplete representations 

• Theoretical developments. Basis function design 

• Fast algorithms. Special purpose hardware 

• Denoising, detection and classification 

• Image segmentation and texture analysis 

• Image formation. Optical sensing. Optoelectronic devices. Optical computing and 

trapping. Non-linear optics. 

• Microscopy, image deconvolution, image fusion, superresolution, 3D imaging. 

• Distributed wireless sensors. 

• Applications such as: pattern recognition, computer vision, information security, aerial 

surveillance, video, biomedical, etc 

Paper submission 

Prospective authors are invited to submit extended summaries of no more than eight (8) 

pages including results, figures and references (PostScript or PDF format). Paper will be 

accepted only by electronic submission through the conference web site. A cover sheet with 

the author names and affiliations is also requested, with the complete address of 

corresponding author and abstract (200 words). Prospective authors are expected to present 

their paper at the Workshop. The style guides and templates for the 6x9 inch Proceedings 

volume will be available from the web site of the publisher (to be announced soon). 

Proposal for special sessions 

WIO-06 will include a number of special sessions. Proposal for special sessions must include 

title, rationale, description, session chairs, list of authors that agreed to present a paper in the 

session and abstract of each paper. Proposal for special sessions should be submitted to 

wio-06@optica.csic.es before December 15, 2005. 

IMPORTANT DATES 

Paper submission: Jan 15, 2006 

Notification of acceptance: March 1, 2006 

Camera-ready manuscript: April 1, 2006 

Registration: May 15, 2006 

ABOUT THE VENUE 

Toledo is one of the Spanish cities with the greatest wealth of monuments. Known as the "city of the three 

cultures", because Christians, Arabs and Jews lived together there for centuries, behind its walls. Toledo 

preserves an artistic and cultural legacy in the form of churches, palaces, fortresses, mosques and synagogues. 

The city of Toledo has its origins in Toletum, the name the Romans gave to this settlement on the banks of the 

River Tagus after its conquest in 190 BC. The old city is located on a mountaintop, surrounded on three sides by 

a bend in the River Tagus. Today, San Pedro Martir Church is home to the seat of the University of Castilla-La 

Mancha. It was once a Dominican convent which extended all along San Clemente street and San Pedro Martir 

street. A highlight of the interior of the building is the royal cloister, a work by Alonso de Covarrubias, and which 

was the prototype of the patios built in Toledo during the mid-16th century.

Report on CBMI 2005 


Following the three successful previous events of CBMI (Toulouse, France 1999, Brescia, 

Italy 2001 and Rennes, France 2003), Tampere University of Technology organized CBMI 

2005 from 21st to 23rd June. In order to open up to our new EU neighbouring member 

states, it was decided to hold CBMI 2005 in the beautiful city of Riga, the capital of Latvia. 

The election of the workshop venue, the Reval hotel, was a success since it offers modern 

meeting facilities and it is conveniently located few minutes walk from Riga’s old city. 

Moreover, during the dates of the workshop, the Summer Solstice celebration Lido took 

place, which allowed the attendees to participate in several local celebrations. 

As for the technical program, 71 papers were submitted to the CBMI 2005, out of which 

49 were accepted after peer review. These papers were gathered into 6 oral sessions and 2 

poster sessions. In addition to the regular sessions, CBMI 2005 featured two special sessions. 

The first day there was a special session devoted to the MUSCLE Network of Excellence 

while the second day there was a special session presenting part of the research being carried 

out in COST 292. Both sessions include regular and invited papers. 

In the CBMI 2005 programme, four invited plenary talks were included: three technical 

ones covering different aspects of the most relevant problems in content-based multimedia 

indexing by Professors Fernando Pereira, Edward Delp and Dr. Henri Sanson and a fourth 

talk dealing with the policy of the European Commission in the INFSO/E.2 area “Knowledge 

and Content Technologies” by Dr. Stefano Bertolo. 

During the workshop banquet, the best paper award was presented. The awarded paper 

was “Indexing and querying drum loops databases” by Olivier Gillet and Gal Richard (GET 

ENST). In addition, it was announced that, after having analyzed the three different bids, 

CBMI 2007 will take place at Bordeaux and will be organized by Professor Benois-Pineau.

32 EURASIP (Co-)Sponsored Events 

The organizing committee wishes to thank all authors for submitting their work to 

CBMI 2005 and members of the technical committee for their time and efforts in reviewing 

the papers. Our special thanks are due to our invited speakers Professors Fernando Pereira, 

Edward Delp and Dr. Henri Sanson and Dr. Stefano Bartolo. We thank Professors Benois- 

Pineau, Bouthemy and Izquierdo for organizing the special sessions. We wish to thank our 

local hosts Professors Glaz and Zaiceva as well as Ms. Jekaterina Bule, and our local team at 

TUT, Mari Partio, Esin Guldogan and Virve Larmila. The assistance of SuviSoft Team with 

the technical program and the CD-ROM proceedings is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, 

the Chairman wishes to thank the members of the Organizing Committee, especially, 

Jenny, Patrick, Bernard and Ricardo for their valuable help during the organization of the 

workshop. 

Moncef Gabbouj, Jaakko Astola; CBMI 2005 Co-Chairs 

Ferran Marques; CBMI 2005 Technical Program Chair


Report on 2005 IST Summit and 

ICC 2009 in Dresden 

Having recently gained the leading position in Europe’s semiconductor industry, Dresden 

now took a major step towards positioning itself as a centre of excellence for mobile communications. 

From June 19 to 23, the chair hosted the IST Mobile and Wireless Communications 

Summit. 

Gerhard Fettweis at the opening ceremony. 

More than 300 scientific contributions from 34 countries and sessions and workshops 

with more than 700 participants fueled an extensive exchange about latest developments 

and research in the world of mobile communications. 

It was a diverse summit, with numerous tutorials, panels, special sessions, workshops, 

and a small yet broad exhibition featuring some 40 exhibitors from projects, companies 

and research institutions. The summit helped in identifying trends for wireless research in 

general, and it gave directions for the European framework programme in particular. 

Panel discussion on B3G/4G activities (V. Brankovic, A. de Albuquerque, 

W.Mohr,Y.K.Kim,M.Kremling,G.Fettweis).


Of particular interest were future wireless communications standards (Do we need a 

successor of UMTS, and how will it be done?), the trend towards simplification of devices 

and services, and the internet access via DVB networks. 

We are grateful to the European Commission for their active role in making the IST 

Summit in Dresden possible. The IST Summit has become a truly large international conference, 

but at the same time it remained what is has been since its inception in Nuremberg 

14 years ago: The most important event and platform for all European research initiatives 

in the wireless and satellite domain. We would like to thank Dr. João da Silva, Dr. Jorge M. 

Pereira and Francisco Guirao for their strong and consistent commitment in bringing the 

conference to Dresden. 

The Vodafone Chair exhibiton booth. 

The event was strongly supported by Vodafone, Siemens, TES Electronic Solutions, Ericsson, 

Radioplan, Atmel, Signalion, Lufthansa, and numerous international bodies - thank 

you! 

We would also like to thank all members of the Technical Programme Committee and 

our reviewers for working so hard towards a solid technical programme. 

Last not least it was the city and its unique, charming atmosphere that contributed to 

the success of the conference . . . 

We now look forward to hosting the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications 

(ICC 2009) in Dresden, and again we will be happy to welcome you! 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Fettweis 

Patrick Herhold 

Reiko Schlager


Report on the 47th International Symposium 

ELMAR-2005 focused on Multimedia Systems and 

Applications, 8–10 June 2005, Zadar, Croatia 

The 47th International Symposium ELMAR-2005 focused on Multimedia Systems and 

Applications was organised by the Croatian Society Electronics in Marine, Zadar, Croatia, 

together with Department of Radiocommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and 

Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia, during 8th, 9th and 10th of June 2005. 

ELMAR-2005 symposium was organized in cooperation with The European Association 

for Signal, Speech and Image Processing - EURASIP. Symposium took place under the 

technical co-sponsorship of IEEE Signal Processing Society, IEEE Region 8 and IEEE Croatia 

Section. As every year, ELMAR-2005 symposium was supported by Tankerska plovidba 

Zadar. 

The ELMAR-2005 symposium programme consist of one keynote talk, three plenary 

talks, and 16 sessions, where 95 papers written by 231 authors were presented. The authors 

of the papers presented in ELMAR-2005 symposium are prominent researchers from 30 

different countries. Overall, more then 60% papers are from abroad. 

The keynote talk was given by Professor Kalman Ziha from the Faculty of Mechanical 

Engineering and Naval Architecture of the University of Zagreb. He presented recent 

research on boat design and boat building. First plenary talk was given by Professor Mohammed 

Ghanbari from the University of Essex, United Kingdom, on video transmission 

over mobile networks. Second plenary talk was given by Professor Luis Torres, Technical


University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, on face recognition. Third plenary talk was given 

by Professor Fernando Pereira, Instituto Superior Tecnico - Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, 

Portugal, on new MPEG-21 standard. 

As every year, social events were organized to offer a further opportunity to discuss 

both technical and non-technical subjects between attendees. First event was guided Zadar 

city sightseeing, visit to museum and concert in old St. Donat church, and the second event 

was boat excursion to one of the beautiful islands. 

Mislav Grgic 

ELMAR-2005 Program Chair 

mgrgic@ieee.org


Report on WIAMIS’2005 

(Prof. Touradj Ebrahimi during the welcome session). 

The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) and SwissMedia successfully 

organized the 6th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive 

Services (WIAMIS’2005) on April 13–15 in Montreux, Switzerland. WIAMIS is one of the 

main international fora for the presentation and discussion of the latest technological advances 

in interactive multimedia services. The workshop brings together researchers and 

developers from academia and industry working in all areas of image, video and audio applications, 

with a special focus on analysis. 

WIAMIS’2005 saw a record attendance of more than 150 researchers from academia 

and industry, the largest attendance ever for WIAMIS. While most participants were from 

Europe, the United States, China, Japan and South Korea were also represented. We received 

135 submissions, of which 50 were invited. To ensure the scientific quality of the 

workshop, all submissions were reviewed with the help of more than 130 experts. The 50 

invited contributions were part of 9 special sessions on topics including video surveillance, 

real-time object tracking, mixed and virtual reality, media security, universal media access, 

3D reconstruction and rendering, semantic analysis, personalized knowledge systems and 

multimodal analysis. Of the remaining 85 submissions, 60 were accepted for oral or poster 

presentation, for an acceptance rate close to 70%. 

Besides the technical program, breakfast round-tables were organized every morning, 

giving participants the opportunity to brainstorm and exchange ideas on various interesting 

topics leading to lively discussions. 

The Technical Program Committee has selected the organizers of the 2006 and 2007 

editions, which will take place in South Korea and Greece, respectively. 

Prof. Touradj Ebrahimi and Dr. Frédéric Dufaux, EPFL 

Chairs of WIAMIS’2005


Report on 5th EURASIP Conference focused on 

Speech and Image Processing, Multimedia 

Communications and Services, EC-SIP-M 2005, 

Smolenice Castle, Slovakia 

The 5th EURASIP Conference focused on Speech and Image Processing, Multimedia 

Communications and Services, EC-SIP-M 2005 has been organized by the Slovak University 

of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, 

Department of Telecommunications together with Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute 

of Molecular Biology and Telecommunication Users Group of Slovakia, under auspices of 

the European Association for Speech, Signal and Image Processing - EURASIP in the picturesque 

place of Smolenice Castle from June 29th to July 2nd 2005. 

After reviewing process, the International Program and Review Committees have selected 

76 from 104 submitted papers. The amount of 58 articles has been chosen for oral 

presentation and 18 contributions for poster session. The number of the submitted papers 

has been influenced by the fact that EURASIP has organized since this year the EUSIPCO 

conference annually. The conference participants become not only from European countries, 

but also from Asia, America and Africa. We have obtained proposals from 18 countries. 

Two keynote speakers, Prof. Branka Zovko-Cihlar from the University of Zagreb and 

Prof. Jiri Jan from the University of Brno presented invited papers at the conference. 

With a great pleasure we can announce that the quality of submitted papers was on a 

very high level. We express our gratitude to all authors for their contribution and confidence 

to the conference EC-SIP-M 2005. 

The next conference EC-SIP-M 2007 will be held in Maribor, Slovenia from June 

27–July 1, 2007 under supervision of Prof. ˇZarko Čučej from the University of Maribor 

(http://ec2007.feri.uni-mb.si/). 

Pavol Podhradsk´y, General Chair 

Gregor Rozinaj, Program Chair


Recent European Ph.D. Theses 

Title: Security Issue and Collusion Attacks in Video Watermarking 

Institution: Eurécom Institute / Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France 

Author: Gwenaël Doërr 

Advisor: Jean-Luc Dugelay 

Date: 10th June 2005 

Link: http:/ecwww.eurecom.fr/ doerr/phd2005.pdf 

Please send details of recent Ph.D. theses in the above format for publication in future 

Newsletters to Jonathon Chambers, e-mail: chambersj@cf.ac.uk. 

Jonathon Chambers 

EURASIP AdCom Academic Coordinator

Postdoc Openings 


Postdoctoral Positions at ISR-Lisbon 

The Associated Laboratory ISR-Lisbon 

The Institute for Systems and Robotics, ISR-Lisbon, offers three postdoctoral research positions 

in the field of Robotic Monitoring and Surveillance. 

ISR-Lisbon is a research institute of the Instituto Superior Técnico, the oldest and largest 

school of Engineering in Portugal. ISR-Lisbon has a long standing tradition of research 

and development and offers a modern and enthusiastic research environment with strong 

interdisciplinary and international links. Responsibilities of successful candidates include 

project work and research, publication of research results, supervision of student projects. 

The working language is English. 

The successful candidate will receive a competitive salary in accordance with the university 

regulations for a senior researcher, with an annual gross income starting at 42,220€. 

The contract offered will have duration of up to 3 years, renewed yearly based on mutual 

agreement. 

Applicants 

Applicants should have obtained a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer 

Science, or other areas related to the domain of research of the ISR Lisboa Associated Laboratory. 

Candidates should have a high quality research record, know-how and research 

experience in the following areas: 

C1. Mobile robotics, multi-robot systems, navigation, control and mapping. 

C2. Computer Vision (tracking, 3D reconstruction) image processing, pattern recognition 

and learning. 

C3. Vision based control and servoing, visuo-motor coordination (biological inspiration), 

computer vision, and learning. 

The successful candidates are expected to do research in these fundamental disciplines and 

contribute to R&D deliverables in “Search and Rescue,” “Visual Surveillance,” “3D reconstruction,” 

and the “Robotic Assistant.” 

For more information, consult 

http://www.isr.ist.utl.pt/∼jasv/temaB 

or contact Prof. José Santos-Victor, E-mail: jasv@isr.ist.utl.pt. 

How to Apply 

By email to secretariado@isr.ist.utl.pt with the following information: 

- Identification of the candidate 

- Curriculum Vitae/resume 

-LettersofReference 

- Statement of purpose for the period of the contract 

Deadline: 11th July 2005.

SIGNAL PROCESSING 


Editorial Policy 

Signal Processing is an interdisciplinary journal presenting the theory and practice of signal 

processing. Its primary objectives are the following: 

dissemination of research results and of engineering developments to all signal processing 

groups and individuals; 

presentation of practical solutions to current signal processing problems in engineering 

and science. 

The editorial policy and the technical content of the journal are the responsibility of the 

Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board. The journal is self-supporting from the subscription 

income and contains a minimum amount of advertisements. Advertisements are subject 

to the prior approval of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal welcomes contributions from 

every country in the world. 

Scope 

Signal Processing incorporates all aspects of the theory and practice of signal processing 

(analogue and digital). It features original research work, tutorial and review articles, and 

accounts of practical developments. It is intended for a rapid dissemination of knowledge 

and experience to engineers and scientists working on signal processing research, development, 

or practical application. 

Subjects 

Subject areas covered by the journal include: Signal Theory; Stochastic Processes; Detection 

and Estimation; Spectral Analysis; Filtering; Communication Signal Processing; Biomedical 

Signal Processing; Geophysical and Astrophysical Signal Processing; Earth Resources Signal 

Processing; Acoustic and Vibration Signal Processing; Signal Processing Systems; Software 

Developments; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition; Optical Signal Processing; Multidimensional 

Signal Processing; Data Processing; Remote Sensing; Signal Processing Technology; 

Speech Processing; Radar Signal Processing; Sonar Signal Processing; Special Signal 

Processing; Industrial Applications; New Applications. 

Editor-in-Chief 

Murat Kunt, Laboratoire de Traitement des Signaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 

Ecublenz CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland


SIGNAL PROCESSING: IMAGE COMMUNICATION 


Signal Processing: Image Communication is an international journal for the development of 

the theory and practice of image communication. Its primary objectives are the following: 

to present a forum for the advancement of the theory and practice of image communication; 

to simulate cross fertilization between areas similar in nature which have traditionally 

been separated, for example, various aspects of visual communications and information 

systems; 

to contribute to a rapid information exchange between the industrial and academic 

environments. 

The editorial policy and the technical content of the journal are the responsibility of the 

Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board. The journal is self-supporting from the subscription 

income and contains a minimum amount of advertisements. 

Advertisements are subject to the prior approval of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal 

welcomes contributions from every country in the world. 

Scope 

Signal Processing: Image Communication publishes articles relating to aspects of design, 

implementation, and use of image communication systems. Signal Processing: Image Communication 

features original research work, tutorial and review articles, and accounts of 

practical developments. 

Subjects 

Subject areas covered by the journal include: TV, HDTV, and 3DTV systems; Visual Science; 

Image; TV and Advanced TV; Broadcasting; Image Storage and Retrieval; Graphic 

Arts; Electronic Printing; Image Transmission; Interactive Image Coding Communication; 

Imaging Technology; Display Technology; VLSI Processors for Image Communications. 


Murat Tekalp, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, 204 Hopeman 

Bld River Campus, Rochester, NY 14627-0126, USA


SPEECH COMMUNICATION 


The journal’s primary objectives are the following: 

to present a forum for the advancement of human and human-machine speech communication 

science; 

to stimulate cross fertilization between different fields of this domain; 

to contribute towards the rapid and wide diffusion of scientifically sound contributions 

in this domain. 

Speech Communication is an interdisciplinary journal whose primary objective is to fulfill 

the need for the rapid dissemination and thorough discussion of basic and applied research 

results. In order to establish frameworks of inter-relate results from the various areas of the 

field, emphasis will be placed on viewpoints and topics of a transdisciplinary nature. The 

editorial policy and the technical content of the journal are the responsibility of the Editors 

and the Institutional Representatives. The Institutional Representatives assist the Editors in 

the definition and the control of editorial policy as well as in maintaining connections with 

scientific associations, international congresses, and regional events. The Editorial Board 

contributes towards the gathering of material for publication and assists the Editors in the 

editorial process. 

Scope 

Speech Communication is an interdisciplinary journal for the development and dissemination 

of all basic and applied aspects of speech communication processes. Speech Communication 

features original research work, tutorial and review articles dealing with the 

theoretical, empirical, and practical aspects of this scientific field. 

Subject Coverage 

Subject areas covered in this journal include: 

Basics of oral communication and dialogue: modelling of production and perception 

processes; phonetics and phonology; syntax; semantics of speech communication; 

cognitive aspects. 

Models and tools for language learning: functional organisation and developmental 

models of human language capabilities; acquisition and rehabilitation of spoken 

language; speech and hearing defects and aids. 

Speech signal processing: analysis; coding; transmission; enhancement, robustness to 

noise. 

Models for automatic speech communication: speech recognition; language identification; 

speaker recognition; speech synthesis; oral dialogue.

44 EURASIP Journals 

Development and evaluation tools: monolingual and multilingual databases; assessment 

methodologies; specialised hardware and software packages; field experiments; 

market development. 

Multimodal human-computer interface: using speech I/O in combination with 

modalities, for example, gesture and handwriting. 

Editors-in-Chief 

Renato De Mori, Universite d’Avignon, Laboratoire d’informatique, chemin des Menajaries 

339, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France 

Julia Hirschberg, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, 1214 Amsterdam 

Avenue, M/C 0401, 450 Computer Science Building, New York, NY 10027, USA 

Yoshinori Sagisaka, Weseda University, GITI 29-7 Building, 1-3-10 Nishi-Waseda, 

Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan


EURASIP JOURNAL ON 

APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING 

Scope 

The overall aim of EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing (EURASIP JASP) is to 

bring science and applications together with emphasis on practical aspects of signal processing 

in new and emerging technologies. It is directed as much at the practicing engineers 

as at the academic researchers. EURASIP JASP will highlight the diverse applications of signal 

processing and encourage a cross fertilization of techniques. All papers should attempt 

to bring theory to life with practical simulations and examples. Tutorial articles on topics 

of interest are also welcomed. EURASIP JASP employs paperless, electronic review process 

to foster fast and speedy turnaround in review process. 

There are two different issues: regular issues and special issues. The regular issues publish 

collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues have specifically aimed 

and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular Call-for- 

Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can be submitted at 

any time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on planned schedules and 

submission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can be submitted 

directly to the Editor-in-Chief. 

Subjects 

Subject areas include, but are by no means limited to: 

Signal processing theory, algorithm, architecture, design, and implementation 

Speech processing, coding, compression, and recognition 

Audio signal processing, coding, and compression 

Image/video processing, coding, compression, restoration, analysis and understanding, 

and communications 

Multimedia signal processing and technology 

Signal processing for communications and networking 

Statistical and adaptive signal processing 

Nonlinear signal processing techniques 

Signal processing design tools 

Signal processing for security, authentication, and cryptography 

Analog signal processing 

Signal processing for smart sensor and systems

46 EURASIP Journals 

Application areas include, but not limited to: communications; networking; sensors and 

actuators; radar and sonar; medical imaging; biomedical applications; remote sensing; 

consumer electronics; computer vision; pattern recognition; robotics; fiber optic sensing/transducers; 

industrial automation; transportation; stock market and financial analysis; 

seismography; avionics. 

Indexed/Abstracted In 

The articles of the EURASIP JASP are reviewed/indexed in Acoustics Abstracts; Computer 

and Communications Security Abstracts (CCSA); CompuMath Citation Index; Current 

Contents: Engineering, Computing & Technology; Engineering Information database; IN- 

SPEC; Mathematical Reviews; Science Citation Index Expanded; Technology and Management 

(TEMA); and Zentralblatt für Mathematik. 


Marc Moonen, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 

ESAT-SISTA, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium


EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS 

COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 

Scope 

The overall aim of EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 

(EURASIP JWCN) is to bring science and applications together on wireless communications 

and networking technologies with emphasis on signal processing techniques and tools. 

It is directed at both practicing engineers and academic researchers. EURASIP JWCN highlights 

the continued growth and new challenges in wireless technology, both for application 

development and basic research. Papers should emphasize original results relating to the 

theory and/or applications of wireless communications and networking. Tutorial papers, 

especially those emphasizing multidisciplinary views of communications and networking, 

are also welcomed. EURASIP JWCN employs a paperless, electronic submission and evaluation 

system to promote a rapid turnaround in the peer review process. 

The journal publishes two types of issues: regular issues and special issues. Regular issues 

publish collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues feature specifically 

aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular 

Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can be 

submitted at any time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on planned 

schedules and submission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can 

be submitted directly to the Editor-in-Chief. 

Subjects 

Subject areas include, but are by no means limited to: Ad hoc networks; Channel modeling 

and propagation; Detection, estimation, and synchronization; Diversity and spacetime 

techniques; End-to-end design techniques; Error control coding; Iterative techniques 

for joint optimization; Modulation techniques (CDMA, OFDM, multicarrier, spreadspectrum, 

etc.); Multiuser, MIMO channels, and multiple access schemes; Network performance, 

reliability, and quality of service; Resource allocation over wireless networks; 

Security, authentication, and cryptography; Signal processing techniques and tools; Ultra 

wideband systems; Wireless network services and medium access control. 


Phillip Regalia, Institut National des Télécommunications, 9 rue Charles Fourier, F-91011 

Evry Cedex, France


EURASIP JOURNAL ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 

Scope 

“EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems” is an international journal that serves the large 

community of researchers and professional engineers who deal with the theory and practice 

of embedded systems, particularly encompassing all practical aspects of theory and 

methods used in designing homogeneous as well as heterogeneous embedded systems that 

combine data-driven and control-driven behaviors. 

There are two different issues: regular issues and special issues. The regular issues publish 

collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues have specifically aimed 

and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular Call-for- 

Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can submitted at 

any time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on planned schedules and 

submission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can be submitted 

directly to Editor-in-Chief. 

Subjects 

Original full and short papers, correspondence and reviews on design and development 

of embedded systems, methodologies applied for their specification, modeling and design, 

and adaptation of algorithms for real-time execution are encouraged for submission. 

The coverage includes complex homogeneous and heterogeneous embedded systems, specification 

languages and tools for embedded systems, modeling and verification techniques, 

hardware/software trade-offs and co-design, new design flows, design methodologies and 

synthesis methods, platform-based design, component-based design, adaptation of signal 

processing algorithms to limited implementation resources, rapid prototyping, computing 

structures and architectures for complex embedded systems, real-time operating systems, 

methods and techniques for the design of low-power systems, interfacing with the real 

world, novel application case studies and experiences, and does not exclude other interesting 

related and emerging topics like software defined radio. Example applications include 

wireless and data communication systems, speech processing, image and video-processing, 

digital signal processing applications as well as control and instrumentation. 


Zoran Salcic, University of Auckland, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 

Science Centre (Building 303, level 2, room 242), Private Bag 92019, 38 Princess Street, 

Auckland, New Zealand

EURASIP Journal on 

Embedded Systems 


Zoran Salcic 

z.salcic@auckland.ac.nz 

Associate Editors 

Sandro Bartolini 

Neil Bergmann 

Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya 

Ed Brinksma 

Paul Caspi 

Liang-Gee Chen 

Dietmar Dietrich 

Stephen Edwards 

Alain Girault 

Rajesh Gupta 

Susumu Horiguchi 

Thomas Kaiser 

Bart Kienhuis 

Chong-Min Kyung 

Miriam Leeser 

Koji Nakano 

Antonio Nunez 

Sri Parameswaran 

Zebo Peng 

Marco Platzner 

Marc Pouzet 

S. Ramesh 

Partha Roop 

Markus Rupp 

Asim Smailagic 

Leonel Sousa 

Jarmo Takala 

Jean-Pierre Talpin 

Juergen Teich 

Dongsheng Wang 

Roger Woods 

Website: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/es/ 

Aims and Scope 

“EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems” is an international journal that serves the 

large community of researchers and professional engineers who deal with the theory 

and practice of embedded systems, particularly encompassing all practical aspects 

of theory and methods used in designing homogeneous as well as heterogeneous 

embedded systems that combine data-driven and control-driven behaviors. 

Original full and short papers, correspondence, and reviews on design and 

development of embedded systems, methodologies applied for their specification, 

modeling and design, and adaptation of algorithms for real-time execution are 

encouraged for submission. 

The coverage includes complex homogeneous and heterogeneous embedded 

systems, specification languages and tools for embedded systems, modeling and 

verification techniques, hardware/software trade-offs and codesign, new design flows, 

design methodologies and synthesis methods, platform-based design, componentbased 

design, adaptation of signal processing algorithms to limited implementation 

resources, rapid prototyping, computing structures and architectures for complex 

embedded systems, real-time operating systems, methods and techniques for the 

design of low-power systems, interfacing with the real world, and novel application 

case studies and experiences. The coverage, however, does not exclude other 

interesting related and emerging topics like software-defined radio. Example 

applications include wireless and data communication systems, speech processing, 

image and video processing, digital signal processing applications, as well as control 

and instrumentation. 

There are two types of issues: regular issues and special issues. The regular issues 

publish collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues have 

specifically aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding 

to a particular Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular 

papers can be submitted at any time, while special issue papers can be submitted only 

based on planned schedules and submission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. 

Special Issue Proposals 

Proposals for special issues can be submitted directly to the Editor-in-Chief or to 

es.si@hindawi.com. 

Open Access 

The EURASIP JES, as an open access journal, enables immediate, worldwide, barrierfree 

online access to the full text of research articles for the best interests of the 

scientific community. All interested readers can read, download, and/or print any 

article published in the EURASIP JES. 

Hindawi Publishing Corporation 

410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, #287 pmb, New York, NY 10022, USA 

:: Open Access :: 

A publication of the European Association for Speech, Signal, and Image Processing

Special Issue on 


Signal Processing with High Complexity: 

Prototyping and Industrial Design 


Some modern applications require an extraordinary large amount of complexity in signal 

processing algorithms. For example, the 3rd generation of wireless cellular systems is 

expected to require 1000 times more complexity when compared to its 2nd generation predecessors, 

and future 3GPP standards will aim for even more number-crunching applications. 

Video and multimedia applications do not only drive the complexity to new peaks in 

wired and wireless systems but also in personal and home devices. Also in acoustics, modern 

hearing aids or algorithms for de-reverberation of rooms, blind source separation, and 

multichannel echo cancelation are complexity hungry. At the same time, the anticipated 

products also put on additional constraints like size and power consumption when mobile 

and thus battery powered. Furthermore, due to new developments in electroacoustic transducer 

design, it is possible to design very small and effective loudspeakers. Unfortunately, 

the linearity assumption does not hold any more for this kind of loudspeakers, leading to 

computationally demanding nonlinear cancelation and equalization algorithms. 

Since standard design techniques would either consume too much time or do not result 

in solutions satisfying all constraints, more efficient development techniques are required 

to speed up this crucial phase. In general, such developments are rather expensive due to 

the required extraordinary high complexity. Thus, de-risking of a future product based on 

rapid prototyping is often an alternative approach. However, since prototyping would delay 

the development, it often makes only sense when it is well embedded in the product design 

process. Rapid prototyping has thus evolved by applying new design techniques more 

suitable to support a quick time to market requirement. 

This special issue focuses on new development methods for applications with high complexity 

in signal processing and on showing the improved design obtained by such methods. 

Examples of such methods are virtual prototyping, HW/SW partitioning, automatic design 

flows, float to fix conversions, automatic testing and verification, and power aware designs. 

Authors should follow the EURASIP JES manuscript format described at the journal 

site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/es/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic 

copy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JES’s manuscript tracking system 

at http://www.mstracking.com/es/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due December 1, 2005 

Acceptance Notification March 1, 2006 

Final Manuscript Due June 1, 2006 

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006 

GUEST EDITORS: 

Markus Rupp, TU Wien, Gusshausstr. 25/389, A-1040 Wien, Austria; 

mrupp@nt.tuwien.ac.at 

Thomas Kaiser, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; 

thomas.kaiser@uni-duisburg.de 

Gerhard Schmidt, Harman Becker / Temic-SDS, Germany; 

gerhard.schmidt@temic-sds.com 

Jean-Francois Nezan, IETR/Image group Lab, France; 

jean-francois.nezan@insa-rennes.fr 

http://www.hindawi.com



Field-Programmable Gate Arrays 

in Embedded Systems 


Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly used in embedded systems to 

achieve high performance in a compact area. FPGAs are particularly well suited to processing 

data straight from sensors in embedded systems. More importantly, the reconfigurable 

aspects of FPGAs give the circuits the versatility to change their functionality based 

on processing requirements for different phases of an application, and for deploying new 

functionality. 

Modern FPGAs integrate many different resources on a single chip. Embedded processors 

(both hard and soft cores), multipliers, RAM blocks, and DSP units are all available 

along with reconfigurable logic. Applications can use these heterogeneous resources to integrate 

several different functions on a single piece of silicon. This makes FPGAs particularly 

well suited to embedded applications. 

This special issue focuses on applications that clearly show the benefit of using FPGAs 

in embedded applications, as well as on design tools that enable such applications. Specific 

topics of interest include the use of reconfiguration in embedded applications, hardware/software 

codesign targeting FPGAs, power-aware FPGA design, design environments 

for FPGAs, system signalling and protocols used by FPGAs in embedded environments, and 

system-level design targeting modern FPGA’s heterogeneous resources. 

Papers on other applicable topics will also be considered. All papers should address 

FPGA-based systems that are appropriate for embedded applications. Papers on subjects 

outside of this scope (i.e., not suitable for embedded applications) will not be considered. 



copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JES manuscript tracking system 

at http://www.mstracking.com/es/, according to the following timetable: 


Acceptance Notification May 1, 2006 

Final Manuscript Due August 1, 2006 

Publication Date 4th Quarter, 2006


Miriam Leeser, Northeastern University, USA; mel@coe.neu.edu 

Scott Hauck, University of Washington, USA; hauck@ee.washington.edu 

Russell Tessier, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA; tessier@ecs.umass.edu 




Synchronous Paradigm in Embedded Systems 


Synchronous languages were introduced in the 1980s for programming reactive systems. 

Such systems are characterized by their continuous reaction to their environment, at a 

speed determined by the latter. Reactive systems include embedded control software and 

hardware. Synchronous languages have recently seen a tremendous interest from leading 

companies developing automatic control software and hardware for critical applications. 

Industrial success stories have been achieved by Schneider Electric, Airbus, Dassault Aviation, 

Snecma, MBDA, Arm, ST Microelectronics, Texas Instruments, Freescale, Intel .... The 

key advantage outlined by these companies resides in the rigorous mathematical semantics 

provided by the synchronous approach that allows system designers to develop critical 

software and hardware in a faster and safer way. 

Indeed, an important feature of synchronous paradigm is that the tools and environments 

supporting development of synchronous programs are based upon a formal mathematical 

model defined by the semantics of the languages. The compilation involves the 

construction of these formal models, and their analysis for static properties, their optimization, 

the synthesis of executable sequential implementations, and the automated distribution 

of programs. It can also build a model of the dynamical behaviors, in the form 

of a transition system, upon which is based the analysis of dynamical properties, for example, 

through model-checking-based verification, or discrete controller synthesis. Hence, 

synchronous programming is at the crossroads of many approaches in compilation, formal 

analysis and verification techniques, and software or hardware implementations generation. 

We invite original papers for a special issue of the journal to be published in the first 

quarter of 2007. Papers may be submitted on all aspects of the synchronous paradigm for 

embedded systems, including theory and applications. Some sample topics are: 

Synchronous languages design and compiling 

Novel application and implementation of synchronous languages 

Applications of synchronous design methods to embedded systems (hardware or 

software) 

Formal modeling, formal verification, controller synthesis, and abstract interpretation 

with synchronous-based tools 

Combining synchrony and asynchrony for embedded system design and, in particular, 

globally asynchronous and locally synchronous systems

The role of synchronous models of computations in heterogeneous modeling 

The use of synchronous modeling techniques in model-driven design environment 

Design of distributed control systems using the synchronous paradigm 



copy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JES’s manuscript tracking system 

at http://www.mstracking.com/es/, according to the following timetable: 

Manuscript Due June 1, 2006 

Acceptance Notification October 1, 2006 

Final Manuscript Due December 1, 2006 

Publication Date 1st Quarter, 2007 


Alain Girault, INRIA, France; alain.girault@inrialpes.fr 

S. Ramesh, IIT Bombay, India; ramesh@cse.iitb.ac.in 

Jean-Pierre Talpin, IRISA, France; jean-pierre.talpin@irisa.fr 


EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005 

c○ 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation 


Anthropomorphic Processing of Audio and Speech 

Werner Verhelst 

Department of Electronics and Information Processing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium 

Email: wverhels@etro.vub.ac.be 

Jürgen Herre 

Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), 91058 Erlangen, Germany 

Email: hrr@iis.fhg.de 

Gernot Kubin 

Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, Graz University of Technology, 

8010 Graz, Austria 

Email: g.kubin@ieee.org 

Hynek Hermansky 

IDIAP Research Institute, 1920 Martigny, Switzerland 

Email: hynek@idiap.ch 

Søren Holdt Jensen 

Department of Communication Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, 

Fredrik Bajers Vej 7A, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark 

Email: shj@kom.aau.dk 

Anthropomorphic systems process signals “at the image of man.” They are designed to solve 

a problem in signal processing by imitation of the processes that accomplish the same task 

in humans. In the area of audio and speech processing, remarkable successes have been 

obtained by anthropomorphic systems: perceptual audio coding even caused a landslide in 

the music business. 

At first sight, it could seem obvious that the performance of audio processing systems 

should benefit from taking into account the perceptual properties of human audition. For 

example, front ends that extract perceptually meaningful features currently show the best 

results in speech recognizers. However, their features are typically used for a stochastic optimization 

that is itself not anthropomorphic at all. Thus, it is not obvious why they should 

perform best, and perhaps the truly optimal features have not yet been found because, after 

all, “airplanes do not flap their wings.” 

In general, we believe that there are several situations when an anthropomorphic approach 

may not be the best solution. First, its combination with nonanthropomorphic systems 

could result in a suboptimal overall performance (the quantization noise that was

Special Issue on Anthropomorphic Processing of Audio and Speech 57 

cleverly concealed by a perceptual audio coder could become unmasked by subsequent 

linear or nonlinear processing). Second, other approaches that are not anthropomorphic 

might be better adapted to the technology that is chosen for the implementation (airplanes 

do not flap their wings because it is technically much more efficient to use jet engines for 

propulsion). Nevertheless, a lot can be learned from imitating natural systems that were optimized 

through natural selection. As such, anthropomorphic and, by extension, biomorphic 

systems can be considered to play an important role in the process of developing new 

technologies. 

This special issue brings together a dozen papers from different areas of audio and 

speech processing that deal with aspects of anthropomorphic processing or in which an 

anthropomorphic or perceptual approach was taken. 

The first of two papers on perceptual audio coding proposes a perceptual model for the 

specific distortion that is typically encountered in sinusoidal modelling, while the second 

paper introduces a novel parametric stereo coding technique based on binaural psychoacoustics. 

While these papers illustrate the use of human auditory perception for efficient 

audio coding, the three following papers present examples of efforts towards using different 

levels of neurophysiologic modelling directly for the representation and processing of audio 

signals: from a model for the adaptation behaviour in the chemical synapses between the 

inner hair cells and the auditory neurons, to a signal processing model for the early auditory 

system, and then a cortical audio representation for sound modification. In the last pair of 

audio papers, signal features that are based on our knowledge of the auditory system are 

used in conjunction with machine learning techniques, such as neural networks, to achieve 

more cognitive goals, such as audio source separation and classification. 

A generally applicable technique that allows for discriminative training of hidden 

Markov models is introduced and applied on the confusable set of visemes for lip reading 

purposes in the first of five papers on speech processing. The next three of these papers 

all deal with the important problem of finding objective distortion measures for speech, 

and the last paper describes an articulatory speech synthesizer that, among other things, 

brought a better understanding of the Portuguese nasal vowels. 

While the papers in this special issue can represent only a small sampling of anthropomorphic 

techniques in audio and speech processing, they are all very valuable in their 

own right and together, if nothing else, they show that anthropomorphic sound processing 

systems are invaluable in the form of computational models for human perception and that 

they can fuel our quest for further understanding of human nature and self-knowledge. 

Werner Verhelst 

Jürgen Herre 

Gernot Kubin 

Hynek Hermansky 

Søren Holdt Jensen

58 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005 

Volume 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005 

Contents and Abstracts 

A Perceptual Model for Sinusoidal Audio Coding 

Based on Spectral Integration 

Open Access 

Steven van de Par, Armin Kohlrausch, Richard Heusdens, 

Jesper Jensen, and Søren Holdt Jensen 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1292 

Psychoacoustical models have been used extensively within audio coding applications over 

the past decades. Recently, parametric coding techniques have been applied to general audio 

and this has created the need for a psychoacoustical model that is specifically suited for 

sinusoidal modelling of audio signals. In this paper, we present a new perceptual model that 

predicts masked thresholds for sinusoidal distortions. The model relies on signal detection 

theory and incorporates more recent insights about spectral and temporal integration in 

auditory masking. As a consequence, the model is able to predict the distortion detectability. 

In fact, the distortion detectability defines a (perceptually relevant) norm on the underlying 

signal space which is beneficial for optimisation algorithms such as rate-distortion 

optimisation or linear predictive coding. We evaluate the merits of the model by combining 

it with a sinusoidal extraction method and compare the results with those obtained with 

the ISO MPEG-1 Layer I-II recommended model. Listening tests show a clear preference 

for the new model. More specifically, the model presented here leads to a reduction of more 

than 20% in terms of number of sinusoids needed to represent signals at a given quality 

level. 

Parametric Coding of Stereo Audio 

Jeroen Breebaart, Steven van de Par, Armin Kohlrausch, 

and Erik Schuijers 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1305 

Parametric-stereo coding is a technique to efficiently code a stereo audio signal as a monaural 

signal plus a small amount of parametric overhead to describe the stereo image. The 

stereo properties are analyzed, encoded, and reinstated in a decoder according to spatial 

psychoacoustical principles. The monaural signal can be encoded using any (conventional) 

audio coder. Experiments show that the parameterized description of spatial properties enables 

a highly efficient, high-quality stereo audio representation.


Analysis of the IHC Adaptation for the Anthropomorphic 

Speech Processing Systems 

Alexei V. Ivanov and Alexander A. Petrovsky 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1323 

We analyse the properties of the physiological model of the adaptive behaviour of the chemical 

synapse between inner hair cells (IHC) and auditory neurons. On the basis of the performed 

analysis, we propose equivalent structures of the model for implementation in the 

digital domain. The main conclusion of the analysis is that the synapse reservoir model is 

equivalent in its properties to the signal-dependent automatic gain-control mechanism. We 

plot guidelines for creation of artificial anthropomorphic algorithms, which exploit properties 

of the original synapse model. This paper also presents a concise description of the 

experiments, which prove the presence of the positive effect from the introduction of the depicted 

anthropomorphic algorithm into feature extraction of the automated speech recognition 

engine. 

Anthropomorphic Coding of Speech and Audio: 

A Model Inversion Approach 

Open Access 

Christian Feldbauer, Gernot Kubin, and W. Bastiaan Kleijn 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1334 

Auditory modeling is a well-established methodology that provides insight into human perception 

and that facilitates the extraction of signal features that are most relevant to the listener. 

The aim of this paper is to provide a tutorial on perceptual speech and audio coding 

using an invertible auditory model. In this approach, the audio signal is converted into an 

auditory representation using an invertible auditory model. The auditory representation is 

quantized and coded. Upon decoding, it is then transformed back into the acoustic domain. 

This transformation converts a complex distortion criterion into a simple one, thus facilitating 

quantization with low complexity. We briefly review past work on auditory models 

and describe in more detail the components of our invertible model and its inversion procedure, 

that is, the method to reconstruct the signal from the output of the auditory model. 

We summarize attempts to use the auditory representation for low-bit-rate coding. Our 

approach also allows the exploitation of the inherent redundancy of the human auditory 

system for the purpose of multiple description (joint source-channel) coding. 

Neuromimetic Sound Representation for 

Percept Detection and Manipulation 

Dmitry N. Zotkin, Taishih Chi, Shihab A. Shamma, and Ramani Duraiswami 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1350 

The acoustic wave received at the ears is processed by the human auditory system to separate 

different sounds along the intensity, pitch, and timbre dimensions. Conventional Fourierbased 

signal processing, while endowed with fast algorithms, is unable to easily represent a 

signal along these attributes. In this paper, we discuss the creation of maximally separable


sounds in auditory user interfaces and use a recently proposed cortical sound representation, 

which performs a biomimetic decomposition of an acoustic signal, to represent and 

manipulate sound for this purpose. We briefly overview algorithms for obtaining, manipulating, 

and inverting a cortical representation of a sound and describe algorithms for manipulating 

signal pitch and timbre separately. The algorithms are also used to create sound of 

an instrument between a “guitar” and a “trumpet.” Excellent sound quality can be achieved 

if processing time is not a concern, and intelligible signals can be reconstructed in reasonable 

processing time (about ten seconds of computational time for a one-second signal 

sampled at 8 kHz). Work on bringing the algorithms into the real-time processing domain 

is ongoing. 

Source Separation with One Ear: Proposition 

for an Anthropomorphic Approach 

Jean Rouat and Ramin Pichevar 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1365 

We present an example of an anthropomorphic approach, in which auditory-based cues are 

combined with temporal correlation to implement a source separation system. The auditory 

features are based on spectral amplitude modulation and energy information obtained 

through 256 cochlear filters. Segmentation and binding of auditory objects are performed 

with a two-layered spiking neural network. The first layer performs the segmentation of the 

auditory images into objects, while the second layer binds the auditory objects belonging to 

the same source. The binding is further used to generate a mask (binary gain) to suppress 

the undesired sources from the original signal. Results are presented for a double-voiced (2 

speakers) speech segment and for sentences corrupted with different noise sources. Comparative 

results are also given using PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) scores. 

The spiking neural network is fully adaptive and unsupervised. 

A Physiologically Inspired Method for Audio Classification 

Sourabh Ravindran, Kristopher Schlemmer, and David V. Anderson 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1374 

We explore the use of physiologically inspired auditory features with both physiologically 

motivated and statistical audio classification methods. We use features derived from a biophysically 

defensible model of the early auditory system for audio classification using a 

neural network classifier. We also use a Gaussian-mixture-model (GMM)-based classifier 

for the purpose of comparison and show that the neural-network-based approach works 

better. Further, we use features from a more advanced model of the auditory system and 

show that the features extracted from this model of the primary auditory cortex perform 

better than the features from the early auditory stage. The features give good classification 

performance with only one-second data segments used for training and testing.


A Two-Channel Training Algorithm for Hidden Markov 

Model and Its Application to Lip Reading 

Liang Dong, Say Wei Foo, and Yong Lian 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1382 

Hidden Markov model (HMM) has been a popular mathematical approach for sequence 

classification such as speech recognition since 1980s. In this paper, a novel two-channel 

training strategy is proposed for discriminative training of HMM. For the proposed training 

strategy, a novel separable-distance function that measures the difference between a pair 

of training samples is adopted as the criterion function. The symbol emission matrix of an 

HMM is split into two channels: a static channel to maintain the validity of the HMM and 

a dynamic channel that is modified to maximize the separable distance. The parameters of 

the two-channel HMM are estimated by iterative application of expectation-maximization 

(EM) operations. As an example of the application of the novel approach, a hierarchical 

speaker-dependent visual speech recognition system is trained using the two-channel 

HMMs. Results of experiments on identifying a group of confusable visemes indicate that 

the proposed approach is able to increase the recognition accuracy by an average of 20% 

compared with the conventional HMMs that are trained with the Baum-Welch estimation. 

Disordered Speech Assessment Using Automatic Methods 

Based on Quantitative Measures 

Lingyun Gu, John G. Harris, Rahul Shrivastav, and Christine Sapienza 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1400 

Speech quality assessment methods are necessary for evaluating and documenting treatment 

outcomes of patients suffering from degraded speech due to Parkinson’s disease, 

stroke, or other disease processes. Subjective methods of speech quality assessment are more 

accurate and more robust than objective methods but are time-consuming and costly. We 

propose a novel objective measure of speech quality assessment that builds on traditional 

speech processing techniques such as dynamic time warping (DTW) and the Itakura-Saito 

(IS) distortion measure. Initial results show that our objective measure correlates well with 

the more expensive subjective methods. 

Objective Speech Quality Measurement 

Using Statistical Data Mining 

Wei Zha and Wai-Yip Chan 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1410 

Measuring speech quality by machines overcomes two major drawbacks of subjective listening 

tests, their low speed and high cost. Real-time, accurate, and economical objective measurement 

of speech quality opens up a wide range of applications that cannot be supported 

with subjective listening tests. In this paper, we propose a statistical data mining approach 

to design objective speech quality measurement algorithms. A large pool of perceptual distortion 

features is extracted from the speech signal. We examine using classification and


regression trees (CART) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), separately 

and jointly, to select the most salient features from the pool, and to construct good estimators 

of subjective listening quality based on the selected features. We show designs that 

use perceptually significant features and outperform the state-of-the-art objective measurement 

algorithm. The designed algorithms are computationally simple, making them 

suitable for real-time implementation. The proposed design method is scalable with the 

amount of learning data; thus, performance can be improved with more offline or online 

training. 

Fourier-Lapped Multilayer Perceptron Method 

for Speech Quality Assessment 

Moisés Vidal Ribeiro, Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo, 

João Marcos Travassos Romano, and Amauri Lopes 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1425 

The paper introduces a new objective method for speech quality assessment called Fourierlapped 

multilayer perceptron (FLMLP). This method uses an overcomplete transform 

based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and modulated lapped transform (MLT). 

This transform generates the DFT and the MLT speech spectral domains from which several 

relevant perceptual parameters are extracted. The proposed method also employs a multilayer 

perceptron neural network trained by a modified version of the scaled conjugated gradient 

method. This neural network maps the perceptual parameters into a subjective score. 

The numerical results show that FLMLP is an effective alternative to previous methods. As 

a result, it is worth stating that the techniques here described may be potentially useful to 

other researches facing the same kind of problem. 

Simulation of Human Speech Production Applied to the 

Study and Synthesis of European Portuguese 

António J. S. Teixeira, Roberto Martinez, Luís Nuno Silva, 

Luis M. T. Jesus, Jose C. Príncipe, and Francisco A. C. Vaz 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1435 

A new articulatory synthesizer (SAPWindows), with a modular and flexible design, is described. 

A comprehensive acoustic model and a new interactive glottal source were implemented. 

Perceptual tests and simulations made possible by the synthesizer contributed to 

deepening our knowledge of one of the most important characteristics of European Portuguese, 

the nasal vowels. First attempts at incorporating models of frication into the articulatory 

synthesizer are presented, demonstrating the potential of performing fricative 

synthesis based on broad articulatory configurations. Synthesis of nonsense words and Portuguese 

words with vowels and nasal consonants is also shown. Despite not being capable 

of competing with mainstream concatenative speech synthesis, the anthropomorphic approach 

to speech synthesis, known as articulatory synthesis, proved to be a valuable tool for 

phonetics research and teaching. This was particularly true for the European Portuguese 

nasal vowels.

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005 



Signal Analysis Tools for Optical 

Information Processing 

Christi K. Madsen 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 312 B Zachry Engineering Center, 

College Station, TX 77843, USA 

Email: cmadsen@ee.tamu.edu 

Daniela Dragoman 

Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Bucharest, Romania 

Email: daniela@solid.fizica.unibuc.ro 

JoséAzaña 

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 

800 de la Gauchetière Ouest, bureau 6900, Montréal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6 

Email: azana@emt.inrs.ca 

The application of advanced signal analysis tools (e.g., fractional Fourier transforms or joint 

time-frequency signal representations) to a wide variety of optics and photonics problems 

has led to a new and deeper understanding of several optical phenomena of fundamental 

and practical importance, including diffraction, holography, nonlinear optical processes, 

dispersion, and optical filtering. Signal analysis methods also constitute the basis of powerful 

techniques for the measurement and full characterization of ultrafast optical events 

or systems, which otherwise could not be characterized by conventional means. Moreover, 

novel analysis and synthesis methods for different photonics devices (e.g., fiber gratings, 

ring resonators, etc.) have been developed based on well-known continuous and discretetime 

signal processing tools. 

The use of different photonic technologies for processing spatial or temporal information 

in the optical domain is also a field of growing importance, with a strong potential 

for interesting applications in fields such diverse as optical telecommunications, ultrafast 

metrology, microwave engineering, image processing, and optical computing, to name only 

a few. Advantages of processing the information in the optical domain include the tremendous 

available bandwidth and the parallelism intrinsic to the optical approach, which translate 

into ultrahigh processing speeds, which otherwise are not possible. 

The broad area of optical signal processing is becoming today one of the most active 

research areas in optics and photonics. Research in this area will have an important impact 

far beyond the conventional frontiers of photonic technologies. The present issue of 

EURASIP JASP is devoted to this increasingly important topic. Specifically, the aim of this 

special issue is to highlight innovative research in signal processing applied to optics and

64 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005 

photonics problems, thus paving the way for future developments in the field. The present 

issue was thought of with the intention of providing an overview as complete as possible 

of the recent progress and current problematics in optical signal processing, while bringing 

the work in this area closer to the signal processing community. This was the philosophy 

behind the decision to prepare a special issue of the EURASIP JASP devoted to this area. In 

expressing this philosophy, we are very grateful to Dr. Jacob Benesty, who first suggested and 

encouraged us to proceed ahead with this special issue. 

The special issue comprises both original research contributions and review papers by 

leaders in their respective arenas. This includes works ranging from applications of signal 

analysis tools to optical problems to the proposal and demonstration of innovative concepts, 

technologies, devices, and architectures for all-optical information processing. In 

particular, the current issue consists of fourteen contributions, namely, seven invited papers 

and seven regular contributions. The latter were selected by the Guest Editors following a 

suitable evaluation via a standard international peer-review process. As mentioned above, 

the intention was to cover most of the relevant topics in the area. Specifically, the invited 

contributions in this special issue are the following. 

(1) “Active optical lattice filters” by L. R. Hunt et al. 

(2) “Advanced optical processing of microwave signals” by B. Ortega et al. 

(3) “Fractional transforms in optical information processing” by T. Alieva et al. 

(4) “Applications of the Wigner distribution function in signal processing” by D. Dragoman. 

(5) “Concepts for the temporal characterization of short optical pulses” by C. Dorrer and 

I. A. Walmsley. 

(6) “Time-frequency (Wigner) analysis of linear and nonlinear pulse propagation in optical 

fibers” by J. Azaña. 

(7) “A novel optical vector spectral analysis technique employing a limited-bandwidth 

detector” by C. K. Madsen. 

Hunt et al. were invited to present and review their recent developments in active optical 

lattice filters. This work constitutes a relevant example of how well-known concepts 

of signal processing (i.e., adaptive lattice filtering) can be successfully applied in photonics. 

All-optical adaptive filtering devices are proposed and demonstrated. In their invited contribution, 

Ortega et al. give an extensive overview about their work on microwave signal 

processing based on photonics technologies. The authors review some recent, relevant approaches 

to implement high-performance transversal RF filters using optical devices such 

as fiber Bragg gratings, arrayed waveguide gratings, or interferometric structures. Experimental 

evidence of their proposals is also provided. Pasrija et al. propose the use of discretetime 

signal processing tools for designing and synthesizing nonlinear optical devices. This 

proposal is based on the pioneer work by Madsen, where concepts of discrete-time signal 

analysis were applied for synthesizing linear allpass optical filters. 

In their invited paper, Alieva et al. provide a comprehensive overview on the use of fractional 

linear integral transforms for different optical information processing applications, 

including phase retrieval, beam characterization, pattern recognition, adaptive filter design, 

encryption, watermarking, and motion detection. The contribution by Dragoman focuses 

on the application of phase-space representations, and in particular Wigner analysis, to a 

wide variety of signal processing problems with an emphasis on optical signals and systems.

Special Issue on Signal Analysis Tools for Optical Information Processing 65 

Her paper is a review of classical and relevant work on the use of advanced signal analysis 

tools in the context of optics and photonics. In their contributed paper, Bastiaans and 

Alieva elaborate further on the concept of Wigner distribution applied to optical systems. 

In their invited contribution, Dorrer and Walmsley present an extensive review of signal 

analysis-based methods for the full (amplitude and phase) characterization of (ultra-) 

short optical pulses. It is discussed how an optical pulse can be analyzed and fully characterized 

through its representation in terms of correlation functions or time-frequency 

representations, and different methods to experimentally obtain these representations in 

the optical domain are discussed and demonstrated. In his work, Azaña makes use of joint 

time-frequency signal representations for investigating an optical problem of fundamental 

and practical significance, namely, the dynamics of picosecond pulse propagation through 

optical fibers in the linear and nonlinear regimes. A deeper insight into this problem is 

provided through this analysis. 

The paper by Madsen introduces and analyzes a new and simple technique for characterizing 

both chromatic and polarization-mode dispersions in an optical channel. The 

technique is based on discrete-time signal analysis concepts and should prove to be very 

useful for applications in WDM optical communication systems. In their contribution, Cincotti 

et al. present a comprehensive overview of wavelet signal processing and multiplexing 

in the optical domain, using photonics integrated technologies. These developments are 

of interest for broadband multiple access networks. The work by Ut-Va Koc deals with 

improved adaptive equalization algorithms for the electronic compensation of chromatic 

and polarization-mode dispersions in fiber-optics communication links. In their paper, 

Llorente et al. propose and experimentally demonstrate an interesting application of the 

so-called real-time Fourier transformation technique, where the spectrum of an optical signal 

is mapped into the temporal domain via chromatic dispersion, for evaluating channel 

crosstalk in DWDM optical communication networks. The work by Garba et al. deals with 

the increasingly important topic of optical CDMA (OCDMA). In particular, different coding 

strategies for OCDMA are proposed and evaluated in terms of their capacity limits and 

noise performance for multiple-access networking. 

Finally, the paper by Goren et al. introduces a novel signal analysis-based technique 

for synthesizing laser beams with extended depth of focus, of specific interest for scanning 

printed bar codes. 

In the coming years, it is expected that the area of optical signal processing will become 

even more important from both fundamental and applied perspectives. We hope that 

this special issue will appeal to the signal processing community and will further stimulate 

work in this area. To finalize, we would like to thank all the people who have participated 

in the elaboration of this special issue, especially the authors of the published papers, the 

researchers who submitted their work for consideration, and last, but not least, the referees 

who helped in the revision and selection of the submitted works. 

Christi K. Madsen 


JoséAzaña


Volume 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005 


Active Optical Lattice Filters Open Access 

L. Roberts Hunt, Vishnupriya Govindan, Issa Panahi, 

Jian Tong, Govind Kannan, Duncan L. MacFarlane, and Gary Evans 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1452 

Optical lattice filter structures including gains are introduced and analyzed. The photonic 

realization of the active, adaptive lattice filter is described. The algorithms which map between 

gains space and filter coefficients space are presented and studied. The sensitivities 

of filter parameters with respect to gains are derived and calculated. An example which is 

relevant to adaptive signal processing is also provided. 

Advanced Optical Processing of Microwave Signals 

Beatriz Ortega, Daniel Pastor, JoséMora,JoséCapmany, and Miguel V. Andrés 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1462 

The authors present a review on the recent approaches proposed to implement transversal 

RF filters. Different tunable transversal filters consisting of wavelength tunable optical taps 

and those employing the tunability of dispersive devices are presented showing their highperformance 

characteristics. A comprehensive review of the fundamentals and a discussion 

on the main limitation of these structures are also included. 

DSP Approach to the Design of Nonlinear 

Optical Devices Open Access 

Geeta Pasrija, Yan Chen, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, 

and Steve Blair 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1485 

Discrete-time signal processing (DSP) tools have been used to analyze numerous optical 

filter configurations in order to optimize their linear response. In this paper, we propose a 

DSP approach to design nonlinear optical devices by treating the desired nonlinear response 

in the weak perturbation limit as a discrete-time filter. Optimized discrete-time filters can 

be designed and then mapped onto a specific optical architecture to obtain the desired nonlinear 

response. This approach is systematic and intuitive for the design of nonlinear optical 

devices. We demonstrate this approach by designing autoregressive (AR) and autoregressive 

moving average (ARMA) lattice filters to obtain a nonlinear phase shift response.


Fractional Transforms in Optical 

Information Processing Open Access 

Tatiana Alieva, Martin J. Bastiaans, and Maria Luisa Calvo 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1498 

We review the progress achieved in optical information processing during the last decade 

by applying fractional linear integral transforms. The fractional Fourier transform and its 

applications for phase retrieval, beam characterization, space-variant pattern recognition, 

adaptive filter design, encryption, watermarking, and so forth is discussed in detail. A general 

algorithm for the fractionalization of linear cyclic integral transforms is introduced and 

it is shown that they can be fractionalized in an infinite number of ways. Basic properties of 

fractional cyclic transforms are considered. The implementation of some fractional transforms 

in optics, such as fractional Hankel, sine, cosine, Hartley, and Hilbert transforms, is 

discussed. New horizons of the application of fractional transforms for optical information 

processing are underlined. 

Applications of the Wigner Distribution Function 

in Signal Processing 


DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1520 

We present a review of the applications of the Wigner distribution function in various areas 

of signal processing: amplitude and phase retrieval, signal recognition, characterization of 

arbitrary signals, optical systems and devices, and coupling coefficient estimation in phase 

space. Although reference is made to specific signals and systems, the mathematical formulation 

is general and can be applied to either spatial, temporal, or spatio-temporal phase 

spaces, to coherent, partially coherent, or discrete signals. The universal and intuitive character 

of the Wigner distribution approach to signal characterization and processing and its 

simplicity in solving many issues are evidenced throughout the paper. 

Wigner Distribution Moments Measured as Intensity 

Moments in Separable First-Order Optical Systems 

Martin J. Bastiaans and Tatiana Alieva 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1535 

It is shown how all global Wigner distribution moments of arbitrary order can be measured 

as intensity moments in the output plane of an appropriate number of separable first-order 

optical systems (generally anamorphic ones). The minimum number of such systems that 

are needed for the determination of these moments is derived.


Concepts for the Temporal Characterization 

of Short Optical Pulses 

Christophe Dorrer and Ian A. Walmsley 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1541 

Methods for the characterization of the time-dependent electric field of short optical pulses 

are reviewed. The representation of these pulses in terms of correlation functions and 

time-frequency distributions is discussed, and the strategies for their characterization are 

explained using these representations. Examples of the experimental implementations of 

the concepts of spectrography, interferometry, and tomography for the characterization of 

pulses in the optical telecommunications environment are presented. 

Time-Frequency (Wigner) Analysis of Linear and 

Nonlinear Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers 

JoséAzaña 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1554 

Time-frequency analysis, and, in particular, Wigner analysis, is applied to the study of picosecond 

pulse propagation through optical fibers in both the linear and nonlinear regimes. 

The effects of first- and second-order group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self-phase modulation 

(SPM) are first analyzed separately. The phenomena resulting from the interplay 

between GVD and SPM in fibers (e.g., soliton formation or optical wave breaking) are also 

investigated in detail. Wigner analysis is demonstrated to be an extremely powerful tool 

for investigating pulse propagation dynamics in nonlinear dispersive systems (e.g., optical 

fibers), providing a clearer and deeper insight into the physical phenomena that determine 

the behavior of these systems. 

A Novel Optical Vector Spectral Analysis Technique 

Employing a Limited-Bandwidth Detector 

C. K. Madsen 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1566 

A new technique for obtaining frequency-dependent magnitude and phase information 

across an optical channel is presented using tunable allpass optical filters and a detector 

with a small bandwidth relative to the full channel width. This technique has application 

to optical monitoring of intersymbol interference distortions, including chromatic and 

polarization-mode dispersion effects, and thus can provide vector information for input to 

the control of adaptive optical filters. A method for generating a test signal spanning the 

spectrum of a modulated data signal without introducing intersymbol interference is discussed. 

This technique can also be used to characterize an optical pulse source and does not 

scale in complexity or cost as the bandwidth of the source increases.


Optical Wavelet Signals Processing and Multiplexing 

Gabriella Cincotti, Michela Svaluto Moreolo, and Alessandro Neri 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1574 

We present compact integrable architectures to perform the discrete wavelet transform 

(DWT) and the wavelet packet (WP) decomposition of an optical digital signal, and we 

show that the combined use of planar lightwave circuits (PLC) technology and multiresolution 

analysis (MRA) can add flexibility to current multiple access optical networks. 

We furnish the design guidelines to synthesize wavelet filters as two-port lattice-form 

planar devices, and we give some examples of optical signal denoising and compression/decompression 

techniques in the wavelet domain. Finally, we present a fully optical 

wavelet packet division multiplexing (WPDM) scheme where data signals are waveformcoded 

onto wavelet atom functions for transmission, and numerically evaluate its performances. 

Adaptive Electronic Dispersion Compensator for Chromatic and 

Polarization-Mode Dispersions in Optical Communication Systems 

Ut-Va Koc 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1584 

The widely-used LMS algorithm for coefficient updates in adaptive (feedforward/decisionfeedback) 

equalizers is found to be suboptimal for ASE-dominant systems but various 

coefficient-dithering approaches suffer from slow adaptation rate without guarantee of convergence. 

In view of the non-Gaussian nature of optical noise after the square-law optoelectronic 

conversion, we propose to apply the higher-order least-mean 2Nth-order (LMN) algorithms 

resulting in OSNR penalty which is 1.5–2 dB less than that of LMS. Furthermore, 

combined with adjustable slicer threshold control, the proposed equalizer structures are 

demonstrated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations to achieve better performance. 

Linear and Nonlinear Crosstalk Evaluation in DWDM Networks 

Using Optical Fourier Transformers 

R.Llorente,R.Clavero,F.Ramos,andJ.Marti 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1593 

A novel DWDM channel monitoring technique based on the conversion from wavelength 

domain to time domain by performing a real-time optical Fourier transform over the whole 

DWDM system bandwidth is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The use of chromatic 

dispersion-based optical Fourier transformers has been validated in the case of a spectrum 

comprising light from different uncorrelated sources. Linear and nonlinear crosstalks 

between the DWDM channels appear as amplitude noise at specific time positions. The 

correspondence of this amplitude noise with the crosstalk spectral distribution is evaluated 

theoretically and experimentally.


Analysis of Optical CDMA Signal Transmission: 

Capacity Limits and Simulation Results Open Access 

Aminata A. Garba, Raymond M. H. Yim, 

Jan Bajcsy, and Lawrence R. Chen 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1603 

We present performance limits of the optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) 

networks. In particular, we evaluate the information-theoretical capacity of the OCDMA 

transmission when single-user detection (SUD) is used by the receiver. First, we model the 

OCDMA transmission as a discrete memoryless channel, evaluate its capacity when binary 

modulation is used in the interference-limited (noiseless) case, and extend this analysis to 

the case when additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is corrupting the received signals. 

Next, we analyze the benefits of using nonbinary signaling for increasing the throughput 

of optical CDMA transmission. It turns out that up to a fourfold increase in the network 

throughput can be achieved with practical numbers of modulation levels in comparison 

to the traditionally considered binary case. Finally, we present BER simulation results for 

channel coded binary and M-ary OCDMA transmission systems. In particular, we apply 

turbo codes concatenated with Reed-Solomon codes so that up to several hundred concurrent 

optical CDMA users can be supported at low target bit error rates. We observe that 

unlike conventional OCDMA systems, turbo-empowered OCDMA can allow overloading 

(more active users than is the length of the spreading sequences) with good bit error rate 

system performance. 

Design of Extended Depth-of-Focus Laser Beams 

Using Orthogonal Beam Expansions 

David P. Goren, Joseph Katz, and Leonard Bergstein 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1617 

Laser beams with extended depth of focus have many practical applications, such as scanning 

printed bar codes. Previous work has concentrated on synthesizing such beams by 

approximating the nondiffracting Bessel beam solution to the wave equation. In this paper, 

we introduce an alternate novel synthesis method that is based on maintaining a minimum 

MTF value (contrast) over the largest possible distance. To achieve this, the coefficients of 

an orthogonal beam expansion are sequentially optimized to this criterion. One of the main 

advantages of this method is that it can be easily generalized to noncircularly symmetrical 

beams by the appropriate choice of the beam expansion basis functions. This approach is 

found to be very useful for applications that involve scanning of the laser beam.




System-Integration-Oriented Transceiver Designs 

for Wireless Networks Beyond 3G 

Sofiène Affes 

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), UniversitéduQuébec, 

800 de la Gauchetière Ouest, bureau 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6 

Email: affes@inrs-emt.uquebec.ca 

Jacob Benesty 

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), UniversitéduQuébec, 

800 de la Gauchetière Ouest, bureau 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6 

Email: benesty@inrs-emt.uquebec.ca 

David Gesbert 

Institut Eurécom, 2229 route des Crêtes, BP 193, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France 

Email: david.gesbert@eurecom.fr 

Laurence Mailaender 

Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Room R-139, 791 Holmdel Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA 

Email: lm@lucent.com 

Mamoru Sawahashi 

Wireless Access Laboratory, Wireless Laboratories, NTT DoCoMo, 3-5 Hikarinooka, 

Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8536, Japan 

Email: sawahasi@mlab.yrp.nttdocomo.co.jp 

Current research in wireless transceiver design will extend wireless system performance beyond 

the capabilities of third-generation (3G) systems. Yet the prospective innovative solutions 

that are most likely to make their shortest way to integration in a future real-world 

wireless system are those that take into account interaction with other subsystem components, 

any source of imperfection such as estimation and modeling errors, implementation 

feasibility and costs, software/hardware codesign issues, and so forth to the proof of concept. 

This special issue has solicited original research contributions in the design of new 

transceiver solutions for wireless networks beyond 3G with a development and assessment 

approach oriented towards implementation and integration in a real-world wireless system, 

that is, the methodology ranging from (i) realistic link/system-level software simulation, to 

(ii) off-line verification and validation over channel measurements, (iii) real-time prototyping 

and validation, and (iv) on-air demonstration and field trials.


The papers included in this special issue address a broad range of topics such as 

MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, space-time coding (STC), multiuser detection 

and interference suppression, synchronization and channel identification, and so 

forth applied in most cases to code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA 

(WCDMA), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), or multicarrier CDMA (MC- 

CDMA). A relatively large number of contributions also come from industry and hence 

provide an invaluable industrial perspective on current research issues in wireless. In the 

following, the specific contributions of the papers included in this special issue are summarized 

and grouped according to the adopted methodology. 

Simulation-based performance evaluation 

with system-design approach 

Maljević and Sousa introduce a new paradigm in the design of DS-CDMA receivers that 

mixes analog and digital processing based on a five-port device to achieve direct conversion 

and analog despreading with symbol-rate sampling only. They also exploit the five-port 

device to propose a noncoherent code-tracking scheme and a RAKE combiner for mobile 

terminals. Under Rayleigh fading channels, simulations suggest that the proposed receiver 

structures based on five-port devices offer robustness and high performance while maintaining 

low complexity. 

Tsai et al. present the architecture of a downlink baseband transceiver for a MC-CDMA 

radio access under the same channel bandwidth and channel conditions as a WCDMA access. 

Along with subcarrier data scrambling at the transmitter, joint carrier and frequency 

estimation and channel estimation based on frequency-domain interpolation are presented, 

providing the maximum aggregate uncoded data rates of 8 and 16 Mbps in mobile and stationary 

multipath fading channels, respectively. 

Peppas et al. propose a reconfigurable space-time coding technique for HSDPA by introducing 

reconfigurability at the link level using a linear processor for space-time block 

coding according to the antenna correlation. The paper also develops a novel link-to-system 

interface for realistic system-level performance evaluations. The simulation results show the 

performance enhancement achieved by the application of reconfigurable techniques compared 

to that of the conventional techniques. 

Zhang et al. consider issues in the encoding of MIMO signals. They compare “joint encoding” 

to a per-antenna “separate encoding” that facilitates the detection and subtraction 

of the individual MIMO signals. When such systems are rate controlled, a link quality metric 

is needed that summarizes the MIMO channel capacity. They focus on the performance 

of these metrics in multipath channels. 

Impact of channel estimation and modeling accuracy 

on MIMO performance 

Mysore and Bajcsy study the impact of channel estimation errors and cochannel interference 

on the performance of a coded MIMO system. One fundamental condition for a successful 

integration of MIMO solutions into real-life systems is the availability of MIMO 

receiver algorithms that can operate under nonideal channel scenarios. In particular, the 

MIMO decoder typically operates with imperfect channel estimation due to finite training. 

One approach is to combine (turbo) coding with MIMO signaling to provide extra robustness 

with respect to error-prone channel estimates and other detrimental propagation

Special Issue on System-Integration-Oriented Transceiver . . . 73 

effects like antenna correlation. Such aspects are investigated in this paper and new algorithms 

are proposed and evaluated. 

Tang and Mohan study the impact of clustering on the performance of indoor MIMO 

systems. They propose a simple and efficient channel model which combines the statistical 

characteristics of signal clusters with the deterministic ray-tracing approach and validate it 

over on-site measurements. Their investigation reveals that the clustering of signals significantly 

affects the spatial correlation and the achievable indoor MIMO capacity. 

Measurement-based performance evaluation 

Trautwein et al. evaluate the performance of advanced MIMO transceiver designs based on 

channel measurements. Real-life deployments of MIMO systems are likely to be met with 

channel conditions featuring frequency selectivity. In this case, the turbo concept can also 

be put to use to help the spatial multiplexing transceiver deal with equalizing the channel. In 

this paper, such turbo equalizers are further investigated in the presence of real channels. By 

incorporating channel sounder measurements into the physical layer simulator, the authors 

are able to explore the real-time dynamics of MIMO channels and their impact on MIMO 

link adaptation. 

Hagerman et al. evaluate the performance of parallel interference cancellation (PIC) 

on the WCDMA uplink based on both link/system-level simulations and measurements 

from a prototype field trial. System-level simulations suggest an increase of 40% in capacity 

with limited-complexity PIC versus the conventional RAKE receiver. Additionally, measurements 

from a single-cell field trial confirm the increase in capacity and battery life in 

accordance with system-level simulations. 

Cheikhrouhou et al. verify the analysis/synthesis-based design of a new wideband 

CDMA receiver, the spatio-temporal array receiver (STAR), by illustrating its capacity to 

extract accurately the channel parameters (multipath time delays and drifts, carrier frequency 

offset, Doppler spread, etc.) from measured data and to adapt on-line to their time 

evolution. They also verify the performance of STAR by comparing the results achieved by 

generic and measured channels. Results suggest that STAR achieves high capacities despite 

about 1 dB loss in SNR due to its operation in real-world conditions. 

Prototype-based performance evaluation 

Jalloul and Lin develop a novel architecture for a cellular base station modem engine 

(CBME), a single-chip multichannel transceiver that is capable of simultaneously processing 

and demodulating multiple users. Through key functional system partitioning, tightly 

coupled small DSP cores, and time-sliced reuse architecture, CBME achieves a high degree 

of algorithmic flexibility while maintaining efficiency. When channel estimation and 

both the frequency-locked and delay-locked loops are enabled with two diversity antennas, 

the simulations of the baseband performance of the chip correlate well with the laboratory 

bench testing. 

Samardzija et al. evaluate the performance of a prototype of a MIMO HSDPA 

transceiver that implements a new multiuser detection scheme to discriminate the signals 

conveyed over interfering beams aimed at different terminals. The experimental testbed 

comprises a commercial multiantenna base station, multiantenna terminals, and custom 

MIMO ASICs. The measurement results confirm the power of multiuser detection, especially 

when the number of receive antennas does not exceed the number of transmit antennas 

at the base station.


This special issue gathers eleven significant research contributions both from academia 

and industry on system-integration-oriented transceiver design for beyond 3G wireless networks, 

a relatively large number given the challenging scope of the issue. We believe that 

they represent an excellent sampling of state-of-the-art research on the subject. We would 

like to thank all the authors for their timely contributions and we hope that their works 

will offer valuable references to researchers and practicing engineers in the field. It is our 

hope, also, that this issue will promote further research on new transceiver design from the 

challenging perspective of system integration in real-world wireless systems. 

Sofiène Affes 

Jacob Benesty 

David Gesbert 

Laurence Mailaender 

Mamoru Sawahashi


Volume 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005 


DS-CDMA Receiver Based on a Five-Port Technology 

Ivo Maljević and Elvino S. Sousa 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1628 

High data rates, low-power consumption, and low complexity will be the most important 

parameters in the design of the next-generation mobile terminals. In this paper we are introducing 

a new paradigm in the design of direct sequence spread spectrum receiver by combining 

analog and digital signal processing. The main difference with respect to the conventional 

all-digital receiver design approach is that the proposed mixed analog/digital processing 

results in a symbol rate sampling rather than the high-rate subchip sampling. Analog 

signal despreading is the key part of the proposed receiver solution, which is based on a fiveport 

device, a passive RF square-law-type device. It is used to perform two important tasks 

at the same time, namely, the direct conversion and analog despreading. To achieve lower 

complexity, the proposed receiver uses rectangular instead of pulse-matched despreading 

at the cost of only a small performance degradation. Also, we propose a new noncoherent 

pseudonoise (PN) code tracking scheme based on error signal generated through the L1 

norm. This results in comparable or even better PN code tracking performance than L2 

norm circuitry, using less complex hardware. Further, we explore how this technology can 

be applied in the design of DS-CDMA RAKE receiver for mobile terminals. Depending on 

how the pilot signal is multiplexed, we propose two types of RAKE receivers. It is shown 

that under Rayleigh fading channel such receiver structures offer robustness and high performance, 

while maintaining the low complexity achievable through the five-port device. 

Design of a Baseband Transceiver for Multicarrier 

CDMA Communications 

Pei-Yun Tsai, Hsin-Yu Kang, and Tzi-Dar Chiueh 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1645 

Multicarrier systems have become popular for their spectral efficiency and robustness 

against frequency-selective fading. Multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) 

is a technique that combines the advantage of multicarrier modulation with that of codedivision 

multiple access (CDMA) to offer reliable high-data-rate downlink cellular communication 

services. In this paper, we present the architecture of a downlink baseband 

transceiver using the MC-CDMA technology under the same bandwidth requirement and 

channel condition as the third-generation wideband CDMA system. In the transmitter, a 

scrambling code is applied in order to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 

the transmitter output. In the receiver, we use a joint weighted least-squares (WLS) synchronization 

error estimation algorithm and a novel channel estimator. Both algorithms 

greatly enhance the system error-rate performance, as indicated by functional simulation. 

Simulation results also verify maximum aggregate coded data rates of 5.4/10.8Mbpsfrom 

32/64 users in mobile/stationary multipath fading channel with a 3/4 convolutional code, 

respectively.


Performance Evaluation at the System Level of Reconfigurable 

Space-Time Coding Techniques for HSDPA 

Kostas Peppas, Angeliki Alexiou, Fotis Lazarakis, 

Tareq Al-Gizawi, and Dimitrios I. Axiotis 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1656 

A reconfigurable space-time coding technique is investigated, for a high-speed downlink 

packet access multiple-antenna network, which combats the effects of antenna correlation. 

Reconfigurability is achieved at the link level by introducing a linear precoder in a spacetime 

block coded system. The technique assumes knowledge of the long-term characteristics 

of the channel, namely the channel correlation matrix at the transmitter. The benefits of 

the proposed reconfigurable technique as compared to the conventional non-reconfigurable 

versions are evaluated via system-level simulations. In order to characterize the system-level 

performance accurately and, at the same time, use a feasible approach in terms of computational 

complexity, a suitable link-to-system interface has been developed. The average system 

throughput and the number of satisfied users are the performance metrics of interest. 

Simulation results demonstrate the performance enhancements achieved by the application 

of reconfigurable techniques as compared to their conventional counterparts. 

Receivers and CQI Measures for MIMO-CDMA Systems in 

Frequency-Selective Channels 

Jianzhong (Charlie) Zhang, Balaji Raghothaman, 

Yan Wang, and Giridhar Mandyam 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1668 

We investigate receiver designs and CQI (channel quality indicator) measures for the jointly 

encoded (JE) and separately encoded (SE) types of MIMO transmission. For the JE transmission, 

we develop a per-Walsh code joint detection structure consisting of a front-end 

linear filter followed by joint symbol detection among all the streams. We derive a class 

of filters that maximize the so-called constrained mutual information, and show that the 

conventional LMMSE and MVDR equalizers belong to this class. This constrained mutual 

information also provides us with a CQI measure describing the MIMO link quality, similar 

to the notion of generalized SNR. Such a measure is essential for both link adaptation 

and also to provide a means of link-to-system mapping. For the case of SE transmission, 

we extend the successive decoding algorithm of per-antenna rate control (PARC) to multipath 

channels, and show that in this case successive decoding achieves the constrained 

mutual information. Meanwhile, similar to the case of JE schemes, we also derive proper 

CQI measures for the SE schemes.


The Impact of Channel Estimation Errors and 

Co-antenna Interference on the Performance 

of a Coded MIMO System 

Open Access 

Naveen Mysore and Jan Bajcsy 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1680 

This paper considers the problem of uplink transmission over multiple-input multipleoutput 

(MIMO) channels affected by slow frequency-nonselective uncorrelated and correlated 

Rayleigh fading. We consider the case when channel state information, corrupted by 

estimation errors, is available at the receiver only. In this setting, we generalize the derivation 

of our previously proposed linear-complexity MIMO signal detector and derive closedform 

expressions for the distribution of its soft outputs and the approximate symbol error 

probability. Based on this soft decision detector, we consider a turbo-coded MIMO uplink 

architecture with iterative processing, which enables performance within 1.6 to 2.8 dB of 

the ergodic capacity limit and outperforms the T-BLAST (turbo-Bell Laboratories layered 

space-time) system by about 10 dB at bit error rates of 10−5 . The presented results illustrate 

that this linear-complexity MIMO signal detector is highly robust to channel estimation 

errors. 

Impact of Clustering in Indoor MIMO Propagation 

Using a Hybrid Channel Model 

Zhongwei Tang and Ananda Sanagavarapu Mohan 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1698 

The clustering of propagating signals in indoor environments can influence the performance 

of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that employ multiple-element 

antennas at the transmitter and receiver. In order to clarify the effect of clustering propagation 

on the performance of indoor MIMO systems, we propose a simple and efficient 

indoor MIMO channel model. The proposed model, which is validated with on-site measurements, 

combines the statistical characteristics of signal clusters with deterministic ray 

tracing approach. Using the proposed model, the effect of signal clusters and the presence 

of the line-of-sight component in indoor Ricean channels are studied. Simulation results on 

channel efficiency and the angular sensitivity for different antenna array topologies inside 

a specified indoor scenario are also provided. Our investigations confirm that the clustering 

of signals significantly affects the spatial correlation, and hence, the achievable indoor 

MIMO capacity. 

Measurement-Based Performance Evaluation 

of Advanced MIMO Transceiver Designs Open Access 

Uwe Trautwein, Christian Schneider, and Reiner Thomä 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1712 

This paper describes the methodology and the results of performance investigations on a 

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver scheme for frequency-selective radio


channels. The method relies on offline simulations and employs real-time MIMO channel 

sounder measurement data to ensure a realistic channel modeling. Thus it can be classified 

in between the performance evaluation using some predefined channel models and 

the evaluation of a prototype hardware in field experiments. New aspects for the simulation 

setup are discussed, which are frequently ignored when using simpler model-based 

evaluations. Example simulations are provided for an iterative (“turbo”) MIMO equalizer 

concept. The dependency of the achievable bit error rate performance on the propagation 

characteristics and on the variation in some system design parameters is shown, whereas 

the antenna constellation is of particular concern for MIMO systems. Although in many of 

the considered constellations turbo MIMO equalization appears feasible in real field scenarios, 

there exist cases with poor performance as well, indicating that in practical applications 

link adaptation of the transmitter and receiver processing to the environment is necessary. 

WCDMA Uplink Parallel Interference 

Cancellation—System Simulations 

and Prototype Field Trials 

Open Access 

Bo Hagerman, Fredrik Gunnarsson, Hideshi Murai, 

Mioko Tadenuma, and Jonas Karlsson 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1725 

Interference cancellation (IC) is one identified key technology to enhance WCDMA uplink 

performance. The goal of this contribution is to highlight the relative uplink system 

capacity improvement available for WCDMA, especially in realistic typical urban radio environments 

when employing receiver implementations including realistic channel estimation, 

searcher, and so forth. The performance of the selected limited-complexity parallel IC 

receiver is first evaluated with link-level simulations in order to provide input to systemlevel 

simulations. The system-level methodology is explained and a 40% system-level uplink 

capacity increase compared to utilizing the conventional RAKE receiver is found. The 

limited-complexity parallel IC receiver is then evaluated in a single-cell field trial. The trials 

show that both the mean and the variance of the outer-loop power control is reduced, 

which implies an overall increased capacity and an increased battery life of the terminals. 

Furthermore, the observed capacity gains are in accordance with system simulations. 

Design Verification and Performance Evaluation 

of an Enhanced Wideband CDMA Receiver 

Using Channel Measurements 

Karim Cheikhrouhou, Sofiène Affes, Ahmed Elderini, Besma Smida, 

Paul Mermelstein, Belhassen Sultana, and Venkatesh Sampath 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1736 

The spatio-temporal array receiver (STAR) decomposes generic wideband CDMA channel 

responses across various parameter dimensions (e.g., time delays, multipath components, 

etc.) and extracts the associated time-varying parameters (i.e., analysis) before reconstructing 

the channel (i.e., synthesis) with increased accuracy. This work verifies the


channel analysis/synthesis design of STAR by illustrating its capability to extract accurately 

the channel parameters (time delays and drifts, carrier frequency offsets, Doppler spread, 

etc.) from measured data and to adapt online to their observed time evolution in real-world 

propagation conditions. We also verify the performance of STAR by comparing the results 

achieved with generic and measured channels for an average multipath power profile of 

[0, −4, −8] dB and a vehicular speed below 30 km/h. The results suggest that losses due to 

operations with real channels are only 1 dB in SNR and 20–30% in capacity with DBPSK 

and single transmit and receive antennas. The corresponding SNR threshold for operation 

with real channels is about 5 dB. 

Multichannel Baseband Processor for Wideband CDMA 

Louay M. A. Jalloul and Jim Lin 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1753 

The system architecture of the cellular base station modem engine (CBME) is described. 

The CBME is a single-chip multichannel transceiver capable of processing and demodulating 

signals from multiple users simultaneously. It is optimized to process different classes 

of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals. The paper will show that through key 

functional system partitioning, tightly coupled small digital signal processing cores, and 

time-sliced reuse architecture, CBME is able to achieve a high degree of algorithmic flexibility 

while maintaining efficiency. The paper will also highlight the implementation and 

verification aspects of the CBME chip design. In this paper, wideband CDMA is used as an 

example to demonstrate the architecture concept. 

Design and Experimental Validation of MIMO Multiuser 

Detection for Downlink Packet Data 

Dragan Samardzija, Angel Lozano, and Constantinos B. Papadias 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1769 

In single-user MIMO communication, the first-order throughput scaling is determined by 

the smallest of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This typically renders terminals 

the constraining bottleneck. In a multiuser downlink, this bottleneck can be bypassed 

by having the base station communicate with multiple terminals simultaneously, in which 

case the receive antennas at those terminals are effectively pooled in terms of the capacity 

scaling. This, however, requires that the base have instantaneous channel information. 

Without such information, the structure and statistics of the channel can be exploited to 

form multiple simultaneous beams towards the various users, but these beams are in general 

mutually interfering. This paper proposes the use of multiuser detection to discriminate 

the signals conveyed over interfering beams. This approach is formulated and experimentally 

evaluated on an HSDPA MIMO testbed that involves a commercial base station, 

multiantenna terminals, and custom ASICs.



Volume 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 


Perceptual Audio Hashing Functions Open Access 

Hamza Özer, Bülent Sankur, Nasir Memon, and Emin Anarım 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1780 

Perceptual hash functions provide a tool for fast and reliable identification of content. We 

present new audio hash functions based on summarization of the time-frequency spectral 

characteristics of an audio document. The proposed hash functions are based on the periodicity 

series of the fundamental frequency and on singular-value description of the cepstral 

frequencies. They are found, on one hand, to perform very satisfactorily in identification 

and verification tests, and on the other hand, to be very resilient to a large variety of attacks. 

Moreover, we address the issue of security of hashes and propose a keying technique, and 

thereby a key-dependent hash function. 

A Statistical and Spectral Model for Representing 

Noisy Sounds with Short-Time Sinusoids Open Access 

Pierre Hanna and Myriam Desainte-Catherine 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1794 

We propose an original model for noise analysis, transformation, and synthesis: the CNSS 

model. Noisy sounds are represented with short-time sinusoids whose frequencies and 

phases are random variables. This spectral and statistical model represents information 

about the spectral density of frequencies. This perceptually relevant property is modeled by 

three mathematical parameters that define the distribution of the frequencies. This model 

also represents the spectral envelope. The mathematical parameters are defined and the 

analysis algorithms to extract these parameters from sounds are introduced. Then algorithms 

for generating sounds from the parameters of the model are presented. Applications 

of this model include tools for composers, psychoacoustic experiments, and pedagogy. 

Reduced-Complexity Deterministic Annealing 

for Vector Quantizer Design 

Kemal Demirciler and Antonio Ortega 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1807 

This paper presents a reduced-complexity deterministic annealing (DA) approach for vector 

quantizer (VQ) design by using soft information processing with simplified assignment 

measures. Low-complexity distributions are designed to mimic the Gibbs distribution,

Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 81 

where the latter is the optimal distribution used in the standard DA method. These lowcomplexity 

distributions are simple enough to facilitate fast computation, but at the same 

time they can closely approximate the Gibbs distribution to result in near-optimal performance. 

We have also derived the theoretical performance loss at a given system entropy due 

to using the simple soft measures instead of the optimal Gibbs measure. We use the derived 

result to obtain optimal annealing schedules for the simple soft measures that approximate 

the annealing schedule for the optimal Gibbs distribution. The proposed reducedcomplexity 

DA algorithms have significantly improved the quality of the final codebooks 

compared to the generalized Lloyd algorithm and standard stochastic relaxation techniques, 

both with and without the pairwise nearest neighbor (PNN) codebook initialization. The 

proposed algorithms are able to evade the local minima and the results show that they are 

not sensitive to the choice of the initial codebook. Compared to the standard DA approach, 

the reduced-complexity DA algorithms can operate over 100 times faster with negligible 

performance difference. For example, for the design of a 16-dimensional vector quantizer 

having a rate of 0.4375 bit/sample for Gaussian source, the standard DA algorithm achieved 

3.60 dB performance in 16 483 CPU seconds, whereas the reduced-complexity DA algorithm 

achieved the same performance in 136 CPU seconds. Other than VQ design, the DA 

techniques are applicable to problems such as classification, clustering, and resource allocation. 

New Hybrid Error Concealment for Digital Compressed Video 

Ofer Hadar, Merav Huber, Revital Huber, and Shlomo Greenberg 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1821 

Transmission of a compressed video signal over a lossy communication network exposes 

the information to losses and errors, which leads to significant visible errors in the reconstructed 

frames at the decoder side. In this paper we present a new hybrid error concealment 

algorithm for compressed video sequences, based on temporal and spatial concealment 

methods. We describe spatial and temporal techniques for the recovery of lost blocks. 

In particular, we develop postprocessing techniques for the reconstruction of missing or 

damaged macroblocks. A new decision support tree is developed to efficiently choose the 

best appropriate error concealment method, according to the spatial and temporal characteristics 

of the sequence. The proposed algorithm is compared to three error concealment 

methods: spatial, temporal, and a previous hybrid approach using different noise levels. 

The results are evaluated using four quality measures. We show that our error concealment 

scheme outperforms all the other three methods for all the tested video sequences. 

Optimized Multichannel Filter Bank with Flat Frequency 

Response for Texture Segmentation 

Nezamoddin N. Kachouie and Javad Alirezaie 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1834 

Previous approaches to texture analysis and segmentation use multichannel filtering by applying 

a set of filters in the frequency domain or a set of masks in the spatial domain. This 

paper presents two new texture segmentation algorithms based on multichannel filtering

82 Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 

in conjunction with neural networks for feature extraction and segmentation. The features 

extracted by Gabor filters have been applied for image segmentation and analysis. Suitable 

choices of filter parameters and filter bank coverage in the frequency domain to optimize the 

filters are discussed. Here we introduce two methods to optimize Gabor filter bank. First, 

a Gabor filter bank with a flat response is implemented and the optimal feature dimension 

is extracted by competitive networks. Second, a subset of Gabor filter bank is selected to 

compose the best discriminative filters, so that each filter in this small set can discriminate a 

pair of textures in a given image. In both approaches, multilayer perceptrons are employed 

to segment the extracted features. The comparisons of segmentation results generated using 

the proposed methods and previous research using Gabor, discrete cosine transform 

(DCT), and Laws filters are presented. Finally, the segmentation results generated by applying 

the optimized filter banks to textured images are presented and discussed. 

An Integrated Dynamic Scene Algorithm for 

Segmentation and Motion Estimation 

Ikhlas Abdel-Qader and Tomislav Bujanovic 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1845 

Segmentation and motion estimation are two problems that require accurate estimation for 

many applications in computer vision and image analysis. This work presents a solution to 

these two problems simultaneously. Both the segmentation and motion fields are integrated 

and estimated in parallel to reduce computation time. The presented algorithm is based on 

producing motion estimates and restored pixel intensity values through an optimization 

process that uses deterministic mean-field annealing (MFA) framework. The MFA results 

at different temperature values are used to run a segmentation process using the concept of 

region-growing-based algorithm. The segmentation process starts at high temperatures and 

continues in parallel to the annealing process to refine the segmentation process at lower 

temperatures. The algorithm results are good and dependent on the annealing parameters. 

Several experimental results from synthetic and real-world sequences are presented. 

Ultra-Wideband Source Localization Using 

a Particle-Swarm-Optimized Capon 

Estimator from a Frequency-Dependent 

Channel Modeling Viewpoint 

Yifan Chen and Vimal K. Dubey 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1854 

We introduce a realistic frequency-dependent channel model for ultra-wideband (UWB) 

communication systems and develop a generalized broadband Capon spatial spectrum estimator 

for localization of multiple incoherently distributed scattering clusters. The proposed 

estimator is able to address the three crucial features of practical UWB impulse propagation: 

presence of local scattering for multiple incoherently distributed clusters, wideband 

array signals, and frequency-dependent dispersive effects. The particle-swarm optimization, 

which is a recently invented high-performance optimizer based on the movement

Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 83 

and intelligence of swarms, is then implemented to perform a multidimensional parameter 

search to jointly estimate the source central angles, the polynomial regression coefficients 

for angle spreads, and the frequency-dependence of various clusters. Numerical experiments 

are also carried out to examine the performance of the algorithm under various 

environments and model mismatches. 

Real-Time Landmine Detection with Ground-Penetrating Radar 

Using Discriminative and Adaptive Hidden Markov Models 

Hichem Frigui, K. C. Ho, and Paul Gader 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1867 

We propose a real-time software system for landmine detection using ground-penetrating 

radar (GPR). The system includes an efficient and adaptive preprocessing component; a 

hidden Markov model- (HMM-) based detector; a corrective training component; and an 

incremental update of the background model. The preprocessing is based on frequencydomain 

processing and performs ground-level alignment and background removal. The 

HMM detector is an improvement of a previously proposed system (baseline). It includes 

additional pre- and postprocessing steps to improve the time efficiency and enable real-time 

application. It also treats the sensors’ channels independently and uses one background 

model per channel. This allows parallel processing of the different channels and better adaptation. 

The corrective training component is used to adjust the initial model parameters to 

minimize the number of misclassification sequences. This component could be used offline, 

using a signature library, to adjust the parameters of a generic model. It could also be 

used in a real-world operational mode, using feedback, to adapt an initial model to specific 

sites and environments. The background update component adjusts the parameters of the 

background model to adapt it to each lane during testing. The proposed software system is 

applied to data acquired from several outdoor test sites, using a state-of-the-art array GPR 

prototype. Three data collections, acquired from three different geographical sites, were 

used. The first collection was used to construct a large signature library of both mines and 

clutter/background. This library was used to train the baseline system. The other two collections 

contain lane data acquired from over 12 000 m2 of simulated dirt and gravel roads. 

One lane from each collection was used to adapt the baseline parameters to each site, and 

the remaining lanes were used for testing. Our results indicate that, on average, the corrective 

training can improve the performance by about 10% for each site. For individual lanes, 

the performance gain can reach 50%. In general, the best gain in performance is usually 

obtained for the difficult lanes that had low mine detection and high false-alarm rates using 

the baseline parameters. 

Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Using 

Stochastic Calculus and Bootstrapping 

A. Abutaleb 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1886 

Stochastic calculus methods are used to estimate the instantaneous frequency of a signal. 

The frequency is modeled as a polynomial in time. It is assumed that the phase has a 

Brownian-motion component. Using stochastic calculus, one is able to develop a stochastic

84 Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 

differential equation that relates the observations to instantaneous frequency. Pseudomaximum 

likelihood estimates are obtained through Girsanov theory and the Radon- 

Nikodym derivative. Bootstrapping is used to find the bias and the confidence interval of 

the estimates of the instantaneous frequency. An approximate expression for the Cramér- 

Rao lower bound is derived. An example is given, and a comparison to existing methods is 

provided. 

Fast DCT-I, DCT-III, and DCT-IV via Moments 

J. G. Liu, Y. Z. Liu, and G. Y. Wang 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1902 

This paper presents a novel approach to compute DCT-I, DCT-III, and DCT-IV. By using a 

modular mapping and truncating, DCTs are approximated by linear sums of discrete moments 

computed fast only through additions. This enables us to use computational techniques 

developed for computing moments to compute DCTs efficiently. We demonstrate 

this by applying our earlier systolic solution to this problem. The method can also be applied 

to multidimensional DCTs as well as their inverses. 

Design of Nonrecursive Digital Filters Using 

the Ultraspherical Window Function 

Stuart W. A. Bergen and Andreas Antoniou 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1910 

An efficient method for the design of nonrecursive digital filters using the ultraspherical 

window function is proposed. Economies in computation are achieved in two ways. First, 

through an efficient formulation of the window coefficients, the amount of computation 

required is reduced to a small fraction of that required by standard methods. Second, the 

filter length and the independent window parameters that would be required to achieve 

prescribed specifications in lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters as well as in 

digital differentiators and Hilbert transformers are efficiently determined through empirical 

formulas. Experimental results demonstrate that in many cases the ultraspherical window 

yields a lower-order filter relative to designs obtained using windows like the Kaiser, Dolph- 

Chebyshev, and Saramäki windows. Alternatively, for a fixed filter length, the ultraspherical 

window yields reduced passband ripple and increased stopband attenuation relative to those 

produced when using the alternative windows. 

Cryptanalysis of the Two-Dimensional 

Circulation Encryption Algorithm 

Christophe De Cannière, Joseph Lano, and Bart Preneel 

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1923 

We analyze the security of the two-dimensional circulation encryption algorithm (TD- 

CEA), recently published by Chen et al. in this journal. We show that there are several flaws 

in the algorithm and describe some attacks. We also address performance issues in current 

cryptographic designs.

EURASIP JASP FORTHCOMING SPECIAL ISSUES 

Advances in Intelligent Vision Systems: Methods and Applications 

Guest Editors: Jacques Blanc-Talon and Wilfried Philips 

Computer vision has proved especially successful in well-constrained industrial environments 

(for instance, when illumination, objects types, and orientations are known). However, 

in many practical applications such as airborne or remote sensing, medical imaging, 

face recognition, outdoor robotics, and surveillance applications, the environment can 

scarcely be controlled. 

These challenging applications require a more sophisticated approach. The resulting 

intelligent computer vision systems usually integrate several image and video processing 

algorithms, ranging from low-level preprocessing and medium-level algorithms to highlevel 

recognition techniques. These solutions usually involve a specific adaptation of generic 

image processing techniques to the application. 

This special issue will be dedicated to original contributions on state-of-the-art components 

at any of the above-mentioned three levels of an intelligent vision system and on 

their interconnection. We also welcome submissions detailing complete vision systems or 

specific applications. 

Trends in Brain-Computer Interfaces 

Guest Editors: Jean-Marc Vesin and Touradj Ebrahimi 

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI), an emerging domain in the field of man-machine interaction, 

have attracted increasing attention in the last few years. Among reasons, one may 

cite the expansion of neurosciences, the development of powerful information processing 

and machine learning techniques and, last but not least, the mere fascination exerted by a 

direct control of human intellect upon the material world. 

The goal of this special issue is to present a broad overview of state-of-the-art approaches 

to brain-computer communication with emphasis on signal processing issues. 

DSP-Enabled Radio 

Guest Editors: Robert W. Stewart, Stephan Weiss, and Michael W. Hoffman 

Digital signal processing has experienced a tremendous growth in order to bring applications 

such as 2G and 3G mobile communications and wireless LAN to mass markets. The 

advance in DAC and ADC technology to sampling rates of around 100 MHz at high bit resolution 

has allowed DSP to be employed for versatile transmission and receiver tasks, which 

are most pronounced in programmable software radios characterised by their reconfigurability 

for multiband and/or multimode operations in potentially mobile devices. 

In the past five years, this research area has witnessed a substantial increase in activity, 

with a number of events and special issues dedicated to the fast-expanding topic of softwaredefined 

radios. However, as the foundations advance, with sampling rates reaching the GHz 

range with good multibit resolution over the next few years and smart antennas being incorporated 

into transceiver systems, the challenges for both the design and implementation 

of DSP algorithms in programmable radio systems advance as well.

86 EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues 

Therefore, this special issue aims to present an overview of current research into DSP 

design, algorithms, and methods that may shape the development of future radio systems 

and wireless networks. 

DSP in Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants 

Guest Editors: Søren Holdt Jensen, Simon Doclo, Philippe Pango, 

Søren Riis, and Jan Wouters 

Digital signal processing for hearing aids was initiated as a topic of research in the midlate 

1980s. However, it was not until 1995 that technology was matured to a level where 

size and power consumption made a market introduction of hearing aids with full digital 

signal processing possible. Today more and more hearing aids are turning digital even in the 

low-price segments. Current technology enables hearing aids that fit completely in the ear 

canal, and the introduction of truly programmable platforms has allowed the development 

of advanced digital signal processing algorithms that provide a natural sound picture with 

increased speech intelligibility and comfort to the hearing-impaired user. 

Such signal processing technology is now also being adopted in cochlear implants. A 

cochlear implant needs, in addition, a sound processing strategy that converts the acoustical 

signal into electrical signals to be applied to the electrodes placed in the cochlea. The design 

of such sound processing strategies poses additional signal processing challenges, but at the 

same time builds on knowledge acquired through physiological and psychophysical studies. 

The goal of this special issue is to present research in signal processing methods and 

algorithms for hearing aids and cochlear implants. 

Applications of Signal Processing in Astrophysics and Cosmology 

Guest Editors: Ercan E. Kuruoglu and Carlo Baccigalupi 

Recent satellite missions such as WMAP (Wilkinson anisotropy probe) have provided scientists 

with vast amounts of data which need to be analysed to extract vital information about 

the universe. In particular, scientists are interested in separating various sources in the radiation 

maps such as the cosmic microwave background radiation which provides a picture 

of the early universe shortly after the big bang and information about the future evolution 

of the universe. Many astrophysics problems, as in this specific example, require dealing 

with prohibitive amounts of the data which are nonstationary, non-Gaussian, and are corrupted 

severely by noise and nonlinearities in the measurement process. These challenges, 

which cannot be met by classical data analysis methods, have required the utilisation of 

the state-of-the-art signal processing techniques and, in the lack of suitable methods, have 

fuelled research into the development of new ones such as in the case of nonlinear spectral 

estimation. Similarly, techniques such as wavelet transforms and advanced signal separation 

techniques have been translated into the astrophysics field and have demonstrated 

promising results. Data mining and classification techniques coupled with the advances in 

the computational power have enabled the processing of data of big dimensions almost in 

real time which allowed the focusing of the astrophysics and the cosmology community on 

previously untractable problems in anticipation of new measurements to arrive from the 

Planck satellite.

EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues 87 

This new and active research field is producing a wealth of scientific papers and conference 

proceedings. On the other hand, up to now, most literature have been published in 

astrophysics and cosmology journals and therefore have not attracted much attention in the 

signal processing field delaying crucial input from signal processing experts. In this special 

issue, we would like to create a forum in which the signal processing community would be 

introduced to the real problems in the astrophysics field as well as drawing the attention of 

the astrophysics community to the availability of signal processing tools for the solution of 

the problems, hence aiming at a cross fertilisation of ideas. 

Advances in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing 

Guest Editors: Gianfranco Fornaro, Fabrizio Lombardini, Roland Romeiser, 

and Shane Cloude 

Interferometric methods have successfully expanded in the last two decades the remotesensing 

capabilities of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR), providing efficient 

operational topographic mapping and displacement monitoring tools for land and ice applications, 

and promising techniques for surface ocean velocity sensing and forest parameters 

estimation. The need for advanced signal processing techniques within the interferometric 

SAR processing field is continuously increasing, for improving existing functionalities, 

producing novel parameter extraction capabilities, and fully exploiting the potentials 

originated by new complex experimented and planned interferometric SAR sensor systems. 

This special issue is seeking original research contributions in the development and 

assessment of advanced models and new signal processing algorithms in the interferometric 

SAR field, with an approach oriented towards the exploitation of statistical methods and of 

(baseline, time, frequency, or polarization) acquisition diversity, to face the challenges of an 

accurate, reliable, and fully capable interferometric radar remote sensing and to deal with 

increasingly various and difficult scenarios. 

In particular, papers are concerned with the fertilization and application of methods 

and concepts from areas such as filtering, parameter estimation, detection, spectral estimation, 

array processing, model inversion, data fusion, and phenomenological-or physicalbased 

statistical modeling. 

Information Mining from Multimedia Databases 

Guest Editors: Ling Guan, Horace H. S. Ip, Paul H. Lewis, 

Hau-San Wong, and Paisarn Muneesawang 

The main focus of this special issue is on information mining techniques for the extraction 

and interpretation of semantic contents in multimedia databases. Due to the spatiotemporal 

nature of most multimedia data streams, an important requirement for this information 

mining process is the accurate extraction and characterization of salient events from the 

original signal-based representation, and the discovery of possible relationships between 

these events in the form of high-level association rules. The availability of these high-level 

representations will play an important role in applications such as content-based multimedia 

information retrieval, surveillance, and automatic image/video annotation. For this 

problem, the main challenges are in the design and analysis of mapping techniques between 

the signal-level and semantic-level representations, and the adaptive characterization of the


notion of saliency for multimedia events in view of its dependence on the preferences of 

individual users and specific contexts. In other words, the eventual objective is to bridge 

the gap between the low-level feature representation and the high-level interpretation of 

multimedia contents. 

Frames and Overcomplete Representations in Signal Processing, 

Communications, and Information Theory 

Guest Editors: Radu V. Balan, Yonina C. Eldar, and Thomas Strohmer 

Many problems in signal processing, communications, and information theory deal with 

linear signal expansions. The corresponding basis functions usually constitute a nonredundant 

set. It is well known that the use of redundancy in engineering systems improves 

robustness and numerical stability. Motivated by this observation, the use of redundant 

linear signal expansions (a.k.a. “frames” or “overcomplete representations”) has found 

widespread use in many different engineering disciplines. Recent examples include sampling 

theory, A/D conversion, oversampled filter banks, multiple description source coding, 

error correcting codes, wavelet- and frame-based denoising, quantum detection and 

estimation, and space-time coding for wireless communications. 

This special issue aims to present survey papers on frame theory and its applications and 

to bring together original contributions from the different areas mentioned above, containing 

original applications of frame theory. Prospective papers should be unpublished and 

present novel contributions, either in terms of fundamental research or from an applications 

perspective, or should be of survey nature. 

Design Methods for DSP Systems 

Guest Editors: Bernhard Wess, Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya, and Markus Rupp 

Industrial implementations of DSP systems today require extreme complexity. Examples 

are wireless systems satisfying standards like WLAN or 3GPP, hearing aids components or 

transceivers for home building automation. At the same time, often harsh constraints like 

low power requirements burden the designer even more. Conventional methods for ASIC 

design are not sufficient any more to guarantee a fast conversion from initial concept to final 

product. In industry, the problem has been addressed by the wording design crisis or design 

gap. While this design gap exists in a complexity gap, that is, a difference between existing, 

available, and demanded complexity, there is also a productivity gap, that is, the difference 

between available complexity and how much we are able to efficiently convert into gate level 

representations. This special issue intends to present recent solutions to such gaps addressing 

algorithmic design methods, algorithms for floating-to-fixed-point conversion, automatic 

DSP coding strategies, architectural exploration methods, hardware/software partitioning, 

virtual and rapid prototyping, as well as automatic testing and verification.


Radar Space-Time Adaptive Processing 

Guest Editors: Jacques G. Verly, Fabian D. Lapierre, Joseph R. Guerci, Braham 

Himed, Richard Klemm, Marc Lesturgie, and James Ward 

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a technique originally developped for detecting 

slow-moving targets from airborne radars. Although the main principles of STAP have been 

known for many years, the field has experienced a regain of interest in the early 1990s as a 

result of the significant increase in computational power. 

Much of the 1990s focused on monostatic STAP configurations (where the transmitter 

and receiver are collocated) and on computationally efficient partially adaptive and 

beamspace techniques. More recently, much of the attention has shifted to the much more 

challenging case of bistatic configurations (where the transmitter and receiver are located 

on distinct, independently moving platforms). 

Another major challenge to STAP systems is operation in strong heterogeneous environments 

that preclude conventional covariance estimation techniques based on a wide-sense 

stationarity assumption. Knowledge-aided methods have recently emerged as a potential 

solution to this problem. In addition, we are currently seeing STAP techniques moving into 

new areas such as sonar and communications. 

The goal of this special issue is to discuss the state of the art in radar STAP techniques 

(suboptimal, bistatic, etc.) and to explain why STAP techniques are also proving useful in 

domains that were probably not initially anticipated. 

Papers should emphasize advanced signal processing techniques, applications to real 

data, systems issues, and new concepts and applications. 

Super-Resolution Imaging: Analysis, Algorithms, and Applications 

Guest Editors: Michael Ng, Tony Chan, Moon Gi Kang, and Peyman Milanfar 

The recent increase in the wide use of digital imaging technologies in consumer (e.g., digital 

video) and other markets (e.g., security and military) has brought with it a simultaneous 

demand for higher-resolution images. The demand for such high-resolution (HR) images 

can be met by algorithmic advances in super-resolution (SR) technology in place of—or 

in tandem with—hardware development. Such HR images not only give the viewer a more 

pleasing picture but also offer additional details that are important for subsequent analysis 

in many applications. 

The current approach to obtaining HR images mainly relies on sensor manufacturing 

technology that attempts to increase the number of pixels per unit area by reducing the 

pixel size. However, the cost for high-precision optics and sensors may be prohibitive for 

general purpose commercial applications, and there is a limitation to pixel size reduction 

due to shot noise encountered in the sensor itself. Therefore, a resolution enhancement 

(super-resolution) approach using computational, mathematical, and statistical techniques 

has received a great deal of attention recently. The relevant signal processing technology for 

this SR approach to high-quality imaging is the topic of this special issue. 

The scope of techniques intended to overcome the above limitations that will be covered 

in this special issue will include: enhancement in spatial resolution for both gray-scale and 

color images and video, suppression of signal dependent noise, and various other associated 

artifacts.


Because of the recent emergence of many key relevant computational, mathematical, 

and statistical techniques, and the increasing importance of digital imaging technology, a 

special issue of the EURASIP JASP dedicated to the topic of SR imaging is quite timely. 

Implementation Aspects and Testbeds for MIMO Systems 

Guest Editors: André Bourdoux, Thomas Kaiser, Markus Rupp, and Ulrich Heute 

MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems have emerged as a key technology for 

wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), and 

cellular mobile communication systems (3G, 4G) because they promise greater coverage, 

higher data rates, and improved link robustness by adding a spatial dimension to the time, 

frequency, and code dimensions. Recent progress in standardization and first MIMO prototype 

chipsets force manufacturers worldwide to pay more attention to MIMO implementation 

aspects. Moreover, MIMO testbeds become more and more attractive to universities 

and research institutes as has been observed in the past few years. The aim of this special 

issue is to reflect the current state of the art of MIMO testbeds and to point out the numerous 

MIMO implementation challenges for current and future wireless communication 

standards. 

Advanced Signal Processing for Digital Subscriber Lines 

Guest Editors: Raphael Cendrillon, Iain Collings, Tomas Nordström, Frank Sjöberg, 

Michail Tsatsanis, and Wei Yu 

The recent deployment of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology around the world is 

rapidly making broadband access for the mass consumer market a reality. DSL allows telephone 

operators to get maximum leverage out of their existing infrastructure by delivering 

broadband access over existing twisted-pair telephone lines. At the heart of DSL lies a 

plethora of advanced signal processing techniques which enable such high-speed transmission 

to be achieved over a medium originally designed with only voice-band transmission 

in mind. As DSL networks are deployed, customer demand for ever higher data rates is 

growing. This has been fueled by the increasing popularity of applications like peer-to-peer 

(P2P) file-sharing networks, video streaming, and HDTV. 

Achieving such high data rates will require the development of new, advanced 

signal processing techniques to address many issues that still exist in DSL networks 

such as crosstalk, impulse noise, high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR), intersymbol/intercarrier 

interference (ISI/ICI), and radio frequency interference (RFI). The goal of 

this special issue is to discuss the state of the art in signal processing techniques for DSL. 

Advances in Multimicrophone Speech Processing 

Guest Editors: Jacob Benesty, Joerg Bitzer, Israel Cohen, Simon Doclo, Sharon 

Gannot, Rainer Martin, and Sven Nordholm 

Speech quality may significantly deteriorate in the presence of interference, especially when 

the speech signal is also subject to reverberation. Consequently, modern communications 

systems, such as cellular phones, employ some speech enhancement procedure at the preprocessing 

stage, prior to further processing (e.g., speech coding).


Generally, the performance of single-microphone techniques is limited, since these 

techniques can utilize only spectral information. Especially for the dereverberation problem, 

no adequate single-microphone enhancement techniques are presently available. 

Hence, in many applications such as hands-free mobile telephony, voice-controlled systems, 

and teleconferencing and hearing instruments, a growing tendency exists to move 

from single-microphone systems to multimicrophone systems. Although multimicrophone 

systems come at an increased cost, they exhibit the advantage of incorporating both spatial 

and spectral information. 

The use of multimicrophone systems raises many practical considerations such as tracking 

the desired speech source and robustness to unknown microphone positions. Furthermore, 

due to the increased computational load, real-time algorithms are more difficult to 

obtain and hence the efficiency of the algorithms becomes a major issue. 

The main focus of this special issue is on emerging methods for speech processing using 

multimicrophone arrays. 

Performance Evaluation in Image Processing 

Guest Editors: Michael Wirth, Matteo Fraschini, Martin Masek, Michel 

Bruynooghe, and Chandrasekhar 

The task of analyzing the results of an algorithm through testing is an essential qualification 

of algorithm design. A major limitation in the design of image processing algorithms lies 

in the difficulty in demonstrating that algorithms work to an acceptable measure of performance. 

The purpose of algorithm testing is twofold. Firstly, it provides either a qualitative or 

a quantitative method of evaluating an algorithm. Secondly, it provides a comparative measure 

of the algorithm against similar algorithms, assuming similar criteria are used. One of 

the greatest caveats in designing algorithms incorporating image processing is how to conceive 

the criteria used to analyze the results. Do we design criteria which measure sensitivity, 

robustness, or accuracy? Performance evaluation in the broadest sense refers to a measure 

of some required behavior of an algorithm, whether it is achievable accuracy, robustness, or 

adaptability. It allows the intrinsic characteristics of an algorithm to be emphasized, as well 

as evaluation of its benefits and limitations. 

Selection of an appropriate evaluation methodology is dependent on the objective of 

the task. For example, in the context of image enhancement, requirements are essentially 

different for screen-based enhancement and enhancement which is embedded within a subalgorithm. 

Screen-based enhancement is usually assessed in a subjective manner, whereas 

when an algorithm is encapsulated within a larger system, subjective evaluation is not available, 

and the algorithm itself must determine the quality of a processed image. Very few 

approaches to the evaluation of image processing algorithms can be found in the literature, 

although the concept has been around for decades. A significant difficulty which arises in 

the evaluation of algorithms is finding suitable metrics which provide an objective measure 

of performance. A performance metric is a meaningful and computable measure used for 

quantitatively evaluating the performance of any algorithm. There is no single quantitative 

metric which correlates well with image quality as perceived by the human visual system. 

The process of analyzing failure is intrinsically coupled with the process of performance 

evaluation. In order to ascertain whether an algorithm fails or not, the characteristics of 

success have to be defined. Failure analysis is the process of determining why an algorithm


fails during testing. The knowledge generated is then fed back to the design process in order 

to engender refinements in the algorithm. The goal of this special issue is to present an 

overview of current methodologies related to performance evaluation, performance metrics, 

and failure analysis of image processing algorithms. 

Video Analysis and Coding for Robust Transmission 

Guest Editors: Béatrice Pesquet-Popescu, Adriana Dumitras, and Benoît Macq 

Increasing heterogeneity of networks and diversity of user capabilities have determined and 

sustained a strong interest in robust coding of visual content and flexible adaptation of the 

bitstreams to network and user conditions. As a result, several methods for robust coding 

and transmission have been proposed that include multiple description coding, motioncompensated 

subband video coding, joint source-channel coding, integrated compression 

and error control, and adaptation/transcoding solutions. These typically increase transmission 

robustness and network- and user-awareness by using scalability, error resilience, and 

adaptivity at little or sometimes no extra cost in coding efficiency. However, the performance 

of these methods is affected by the diversity of, and complex interactions within, the 

visual content. Analysis methods can improve the performance of robust methods for coding 

and transmission by providing solutions to account for vastly different characteristics of 

the synthetic and natural, still and moving, 2D, 3D, and 4D pictures, complex interactions 

between natural and synthetic data, and security requirements related to the visual content, 

to achieve optimal or near-optimal robust solutions. 

Visual analysis methods provide low-level and high-level descriptions of the content 

in terms of their spatial and temporal characteristics. They have been shown to improve 

compression efficiency when applied to frame-type decisions, coding parameters selections, 

mode decisions, rate control, and background modelling. The application of visual analysis 

methods within robust coding and transmission frameworks such as those mentioned 

earlier yields content-aware error resilient solutions, improves prioritization of the visual 

content for coding and transmission, and enables the application of content security methods 

to the visual content. 

Advanced Signal/Image Processing Techniques for Bioinformatics 

Guest Editors: Xue-Wen Chen, Sun Kim, Vladimir Pavlovic, and David Casasent 

The success of bioinformatics in recent years has been prompted by the advanced signal 

processing technologies, in particular, estimation theory, classification, pattern recognition, 

information theory, networks, imaging, image processing, coding theory, and speech recognition. 

For example, Fourier analysis methods are used to elucidate the relationship between 

sequence structure and function; wavelet analysis methods have been applied in sequence 

comparison and classification; and various image processing methods have been developed 

to improve microarray image quality. 

The development of advanced high-throughput technologies, such as genome sequencing 

and whole genome expression analysis, creates new opportunities and poses new challenges 

to the signal processing community. It provides an interesting application domain 

for signal processing that analyzes data for life science problems such as time series simulation 

and prediction, casual modeling, and structure prediction. It is drawing a growing


interest from the signal processing community. The goal of this special issue is to present 

cutting-edge signal processing methods with applications to bioinformatics. While such research 

is of interdisciplinary nature, this special issue will focus on computational aspects 

of bioinformatics research. 

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar 

Guest Editors: John Homer, James Palmer, Marco Martorella, Brad Littleton, 

Fabrizio Berizzi, Victor Chen, and Dennis Longstaff 

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a powerful signal processing technique that can 

provide an electromagnetic image of a target. ISAR images may be obtained by coherently 

processing the received target echoes of wide bandwidth transmitted pulses. This technique 

is typically applied to a stationary monostatic radar configuration observing a moving target, 

and relies on the target’s rotation to form the synthetic aperture. ISAR imaging techniques 

have been extensively employed over the last few years in improving target classification 

algorithms, specifically those attempting to identify ship, airborne, and orbiting targets. 

These improvements have been made possible through the advances that have occurred in 

signal processing techniques, such as those made in ISAR blind motion compensation or 

autofocussing, polarimetry-based classification, super resolution, and the suppression or 

exploitation of multipath effects. 

Furthermore, the recent resurgence of bistatic and multistatic radars has resulted in an 

awareness of extra parameters in the fundamental ISAR imaging processes that provide, for 

example, 3D and/or interferometric capabilities. The significant advances made in computing 

technology also impacts on the ability of the user to employ these new signal processing 

techniques in applications that require rapid target identification. 

The goal of this special issue is to discuss the state of the art in ISAR imaging and signal 

processing techniques. 

This special issue will focus on such seamless integration of visual analysis methods in, 

or joint design with, robust compression and transmission solutions. 

Wireless Location Technologies and Applications 

Guest Editors: Ian Oppermann, Domenico Porcino, and Thomas Kaiser 

The development of communications systems that include location and tracking capabilities 

has generated great interest in cellular and wireless local/personal area networks. A host 

of potential services can be enabled by suitably accurate location and tracking facilities in 

conjunction with appropriate communications and data transfer platforms. 

From established radio techniques, such as WLAN (e.g., IEEE 802.11 a/b/g), to emerging 

WPAN networks (e.g., Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4) to newer Ultra-Wideband (UWB) 

systems (e.g., IEEE 802.15.3a and IEEE 802.15.4a), a common denominator to drive adoption 

and growth is implementing innovative services in addition to data transfer. Whether 

the positioning techniques are based on signal strength, time of flight, or on fingerprinting 

techniques, they offer the potential for new applications which rely on the knowledge of the 

location of the wireless nodes. 

A large number of issues must be addressed to move from coarse delay measurement 

to useful range estimation for tracking purposes. Issues include generation of accurate


delay/ranging estimates, proper operation in dense multipath environments, delay/ranging 

information sharing between nodes, computationally efficient algorithms, algorithms for 

low infrastructure environments, dealing with NLOS as well as integration with usable applications. 

This special issue will address the state of the art in wireless location technologies 

and applications with particular emphasis on accurate results in low infrastructure environments. 

Reliable Communications over Rapidly Time-Varying Channels 

Guest Editors: Geert Leus, Georgios Giannakis, Jean-Paul Linnartz, Xiaoli Ma, 

Ananthram Swami, and Cihan Tepedelenlioglu 

Wireless communications have become an important part of everyday life. Think for instance 

about mobile telephone applications, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless 

ad hoc networks, and so forth. Most of these systems have been designed assuming that 

the channel can be regarded as constant over a block of data. Nonetheless, market studies 

predict a rapid growth of high data rate mobile applications such as watching TV on mobile 

phones. In such mobile applications, Doppler shifts introduce temporal channel variations, 

which become more pronounced as the carrier frequency increases, and basically violate 

the time-invariance assumption. As a result, many existing wireless systems can only provide 

low data rates at high mobility (e.g., UMTS) or even break down completely at high 

speeds (e.g., DVB-T and IEEE802.16). 

This special issue therefore focuses on communications over rapidly time-varying channels, 

which can not be viewed as time invariant over a frame. Different time-varying 

channel models have recently been proposed, such as the basis expansion model and the 

Gauss-Markov model. Results are welcomed on how to estimate the channel parameters 

for such models, and, related to that, what is the optimal training strategy. In addition, 

low-complexity equalization schemes for time-varying channels should receive some attention, 

as well as joint precoder-decoder designs to boost the performance. Also, the behavior 

of existing multiple-access schemes in rapidly time-varying channels, such as the wellknown 

code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme, as well as the development of novel 

multiple-access schemes for rapidly time-varying channels are important research topics 

that require further investigation. Finally, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications 

and space-time coding (STC) over time-varying channels are very new areas 

that urgently need to be covered. 

This special issue is intended to gather new and insightful results on wireless communications 

over rapidly time-varying channels, a challenging research topic that gains increasing 

attention due to its importance in future wireless applications. The results might for 

instance be useful in the frame of the mobile extensions of DVB-T and IEEE802.16, e.g., 

DVB-M and IEEE802.20.


EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING 

Advances in Blind Source Separation 


Almost every multichannel measurement includes mixtures of signals from several underlying 

sources. While the structure of the mixing process may be known to some degree, other 

unknown parameters are necessary to demix the measured sensor data. The time courses 

of the source signals and/or their locations in the source space are often unknown a priori 

and can only be estimated by statistical means. In the analysis of such measurements, it is 

essential to separate the mixed signals before beginning postprocessing. 

Blind source separation (BSS) techniques then allow separation of the source signals 

from the measured mixtures. Many BSS problems may be solved using independent component 

analysis (ICA) or alternative approaches such as sparse component analysis (SCA) or 

nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), evolving from information theoretical assumptions 

that the underlying sources are mutually statistically independent, sparse, smooth, 

and/or nonnegative. 

The aim of this special issue is to focus on recent developments in this expanding research 

area. 

The special issue will focus on one hand on theoretical approaches for single- and multichannel 

BSS, evolving from information theory, and especially on nonlinear blind source 

separation methods, and on the other hand or their currently ever-widening range of applications 

such as brain imaging, image coding and processing, dereverberation in noisy 

environments, and so forth. 

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the journal 

site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic 

copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript tracking 

system at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable: 

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005 

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006 

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006 

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006


Scott Makeig, Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural 

Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0961, USA; 

smakeig@ucsd.edu 

Andrzej Cichocki, Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing, Brain Science 

Institute, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 

Saitama 351-0198, Japan; cia@brain.riken.go.jp 

Frank Ehlers, Federal Armed Forces Underwater Acoustics and Marine Geophysics 

Research Institute, Klausdorfer Weg 2-24, 24148 Kiel, Germany; frankehlers@ieee.org 




Tracking in Video Sequences of Crowded Scenes 


Object tracking in live video is an enabling technology that is in strong demand by large 

application sectors, such as video surveillance for security and behavior analysis, traffic 

monitoring, sports analysis for enhanced TV broadcasting and coaching, and human body 

tracking for human-computer interaction and movie special effects. 

Many techniques and systems have been developed and demonstrated for tracking objects 

in video sequences. The specific goal of this special issue is to provide a status report 

regarding the state of the art in object tracking in crowded scenes based on the video 

stream(s) of one or more cameras. The objects can be people, animals, cars, and so forth. 

The cameras can be fixed or moving. Moving cameras may pan, tilt, and zoom in ways that 

may or may not be communicated to the tracking system. 

All papers submitted must address at least the following two issues: 

Processing of live video feeds 

For many applications in surveillance/security and TV sports broadcasting, the results 

of processing have value only if they can be provided to the end user within an applicationdefined 

delay. The submitted papers should present algorithms that are plausibly applicable 

to such incremental (causal) processing of live video feeds, given suitable hardware. 

Handling of crowded scenes 

Crowded-scene situations range from relatively simple (e.g., players on a planar field in 

a soccer match) to very difficult (e.g., crowds on stairs in an airport or a train station). The 

central difficulties in crowded scenes arise from the constantly changing occlusions of any 

number of objects by any number of other objects. 

Occlusions can be resolved to some degree using a single video stream. However, many 

situations of occlusion are more readily resolved by the simultaneous use of several cameras 

separated by wide baselines. In addition to resolving ambiguities, multiple cameras also ease 

the exploitation of 3D structure, which can be important for trajectory estimation or event 

detection. 

Topics of interest include principles and evaluation of relevant end-to-end systems or 

important components thereof, including (but not limited to): 

Handling of occlusions in the image plane in single-camera scenarios

Handling of occlusions in a world coordinate system (3D, possibly degenerated to 

2D) in single- or multicamera scenarios 

Fusion of information from multiple cameras and construction of integrated spatiotemporalmodelsofdynamicscenes 

3D trajectory estimation 

Tracking of multiple rigid, articulated, or nonrigid objects 

Automatic recovery of camera pose from track data 

Detection and recognition of events involving multiple objects (e.g., offside in soccer) 

Papers must present a thorough evaluation of the performance of the system or 

method(s) proposed in one or more application areas such as video surveillance, security, 

sports analysis, behavior analysis, or traffic monitoring. 










Jacques G. Verly, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 

University of Lige (ULg), Sart Tilman, Building B28, 4000 Liège, Belgium; 

jacques.verly@ulg.ac.be 

John MacCormick, Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley, 1065 La Avenida Mountain View, 

CA 94043, USA; jmacc@microsoft.com 

Stephen McKenna, Division of Applied Computing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 

4HN, Scotland, UK; stephen@computing.dundee.ac.uk 

Justus H. Piater, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University 

of Liège (ULg), Sart Tilman, Building B28, 4000 Liège, Belgium; justus.piater@ulg.ac.be 




Advances in Subspace-Based Techniques for Signal 

Processing and Communications 


Subspace-based techniques have been studied extensively over the past two decades and 

have proven to be very powerful for estimation and detection tasks in many signal processing 

and communications applications. Such techniques were initially investigated in the 

context of super-resolution parametric spectral analysis and the related problem of direction 

finding. During the past decade or so, new potential applications have emerged, and 

subspace methods have been proposed in several diverse fields such as smart antennas, sensor 

arrays, system identification, time delay estimation, blind channel estimation, image 

segmentation, speech enhancement, learning systems, and so forth. 

Subspace-based methods not only provide new insight into the problem under investigation 

but they also offer a good trade-off betweenachievedperformanceandcomputational 

complexity. In most cases they can be considered as low cost alternatives to computationally 

intensive maximum likelihood approaches. 

The interest of the signal processing community in subspace-based schemes remains 

strong as is evident from the numerous articles and reports published in this area each 

year. Research efforts are currently focusing on the development of low-complexity adaptive 

implementations and their efficient use in applications, numerical stability, convergence 

analysis, and so forth. 

The goal of this special issue is to present state-of-the-art subspace techniques for modern 

applications and to address theoretical and implementation issues concerning this useful 

methodology. 

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to): 

Efficient and stable subspace estimation and tracking methods 

Subspace-based detection techniques 

Sensor array signal processing 

Smart antennas 

Space-time, multiuser, multicarrier communications 

System identification and blind channel estimation 

State-space model estimation and change detection

Learning and classification 

Speech processing (enhancement, recognition) 

Biomedical signal processing 

Image processing (face recognition, compression, restoration) 










Kostas Berberidis, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; berberid@ceid.upatras.gr 

Benoit Champagne, McGill University, Qubec, Canada H3A 2T5; 

champagne@ece.mcgill.ca 

George V. Moustakides, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece; moustaki@uth.gr 

H. Vincent Poor, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; poor@princeton.edu 

Peter Stoica, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden; peter.stoica@it.uu.se 




Image Perception 


Perception is a complex process that involves brain activities at different levels. The availability 

of models for the representation and interpretation of the sensory information opens 

up new research avenues that cut across neuroscience, imaging, information engineering, 

and modern robotics. 

The goal of the multidisciplinary field of perceptual signal processing is to identify the 

features of the stimuli that determine their “perception,” namely “a single unified awareness 

derived from sensory processes while a stimulus is present,” and to derive associated 

computational models that can be generalized. 

In the case of vision, the stimuli go through a complex analysis chain along the so-called 

“visual pathway,” starting with the encoding by the photoreceptors in the retina (low-level 

processing) and ending with cognitive mechanisms (high-level processes) that depend on 

the task being performed. 

Accordingly, low-level models are concerned with image “representation” and aim at 

emulating the way the visual stimulus is encoded by the early stages of the visual system 

as well as capturing the varying sensitivity to the features of the input stimuli; high-level 

models are related to image “interpretation” and allow to predict the performance of a 

humanobserverinagivenpredefinedtask. 

A global model, accounting for both such bottom-up and top-down approaches, would 

enable the automatic interpretation of the visual stimuli based on both their low-level features 

and their semantic content. 

Among the main image processing fields that would take advantage of such models are 

feature extraction, content-based image description and retrieval, model-based coding, and 

the emergent domain of medical image perception. 

The goal of this special issue is to provide original contributions in the field of image 

perception and modeling. 


Perceptually plausible mathematical bases for the representation of visual information 

(static and dynamic) 

Modeling nonlinear processes (masking, facilitation) and their exploitation in the 

imaging field (compression, enhancement, and restoration)

Beyond early vision: investigating the pertinence and potential of cognitive models 

(feature extraction, image quality) 

Stochastic properties of complex natural scenes (static, dynamic, colored) and their 

relationships with perception 

Perception-based models for natural (static and dynamic) textures. Theoretical formulation 

and psychophysical validation 

Applications in the field of biomedical imaging (medical image perception) 






Acceptance Notification April 1, 2006 

Final Manuscript Due July 1, 2006 



Gloria Menegaz, Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Siena, 

Italy; menegaz@dii.unisi.it 

Guang-Zhong Yang, Department of Computing, Engineering Imperial College London, 

London, UK; gzy@doc.ic.ac.uk 

Maria Concetta Morrone, Universit Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; 

concetta@in.cnr.it 

Stefan Winkler, Genista Corporation, Montreux, Switzerland; 

stefan.winkler@genista.com 

Javier Portilla, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (DECSAI), 

Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; javier@decsai.ugr.es 




Music Information Retrieval Based on 

Signal Processing 


The main focus of this special issue is on the application of digital signal processing techniques 

for music information retrieval (MIR). MIR is an emerging and exciting area of 

research that seeks to solve a wide variety of problems dealing with preserving, analyzing, 

indexing, searching, and accessing large collections of digitized music. There are also strong 

interests in this field of research from music libraries and the recording industry as they 

move towards digital music distribution. The demands from the general public for easy access 

to these music libraries challenge researchers to create tools and algorithms that are 

robust, small, and fast. 

Music is represented in either encoded audio waveforms (CD audio, MP3, etc.) or symbolic 

forms (musical score, MIDI, etc.). Audio representations, in particular, require robust 

signal processing techniques for many applications of MIR since meaningful descriptions 

need to be extracted from audio signals in which sounds from multiple instruments and vocals 

are often mixed together. Researchers in MIR are therefore developing a wide range of 

new methods based on statistical pattern recognition, classification, and machine learning 

techniques such as the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), maximum likelihood estimation, 

and Bayes estimation as well as digital signal processing techniques such as Fourier and 

Wavelet transforms, adaptive filtering, and source-filter models. New music interface and 

query systems leveraging such methods are also important for end users to benefit from 

MIR research. 

Although research contributions on MIR have been published at various conferences 

in 1990s, the members of the MIR research community meet annually at the International 

Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) since 2000. 


Automatic summarization (succinct representation of music) 

Automatic transcription (audio to symbolic format conversion) 

Music annotation (semantic analysis) 

Music fingerprinting (unique identification of music) 

Music interface 

Music similarity metrics (comparison)

Music understanding 

Musical feature extraction 

Musical styles and genres 

Optical music score recognition (image to symbolic format conversion) 

Performer/artist identification 

Query systems 

Timbre/instrument recognition 










Ichiro Fujinaga, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2T5; 

ich@music.mcgill.ca 

Masataka Goto, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 

Japan; m.goto@aist.go.jp 

George Tzanetakis, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8P 5C2; 

gtzan@cs.uvic.ca 




Visual Sensor Networks 


Research into the design, development, and deployment of networked sensing devices for 

high-level inference and surveillance of the physical environment has grown tremendously 

in the last few years. 

This trend has been motivated, in part, by recent technological advances in electronics, 

communication networking, and signal processing. 

Sensor networks are commonly comprised of lightweight distributed sensor nodes such 

as low-cost video cameras. There is inherent redundancy in the number of nodes deployed 

and corresponding networking topology. Operation of the network requires autonomous 

peer-based collaboration amongst the nodes and intermediate data-centric processing 

amongst local sensors. The intermediate processing known as in-network processing 

is application-specific. Often, the sensors are untethered so that they must communicate 

wirelessly and be battery-powered. Initial focus was placed on the design of sensor networks 

in which scalar phenomena such as temperature, pressure, or humidity were measured. 

It is envisioned that much societal use of sensor networks will also be based on employing 

content-rich vision-based sensors. The volume of data collected as well as the sophistication 

of the necessary in-network stream content processing provide a diverse set of 

challenges in comparison with generic scalar sensor network research. 

Applications that will be facilitated through the development of visual sensor networking 

technology include automatic tracking, monitoring and signaling of intruders within a 

physical area, assisted living for the elderly or physically disabled, environmental monitoring, 

and command and control of unmanned vehicles. 

Many current video-based surveillance systems have centralized architectures that collect 

all visual data at a central location for storage or real-time interpretation by a human 

operator. The use of distributed processing for automated event detection would significantly 

alleviate mundane or time-critical activities performed by human operators, and 

provide better network scalability. Thus, it is expected that video surveillance solutions of 

the future will successfully utilize visual sensor networking technologies. 

Given that the field of visual sensor networking is still in its infancy, it is critical that 

researchers from the diverse disciplines including signal processing, communications, and 

electronics address the many challenges of this emerging field. This special issue aims to

ing together a diverse set of research results that are essential for the development of 

robust and practical visual sensor networks. 


Sensor network architectures for high-bandwidth vision applications 

Communication networking protocols specific to visual sensor networks 

Scalability, reliability, and modeling issues of visual sensor networks 

Distributed computer vision and aggregation algorithms for low-power surveillance 

applications 

Fusion of information from visual and other modalities of sensors 

Storage and retrieval of sensor information 

Security issues for visual sensor networks 

Visual sensor network testbed research 

Novel applications of visual sensor networks 

Design of visual sensors 










Deepa Kundur, Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College 

Station, Texas, USA; deepa@ee.tamu.edu 

Ching-Yung Lin, Distributed Computing Department, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 

New York, USA; chingyung@us.ibm.com 

Chun Shien Lu, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; 

lcs@iis.sinica.edu.tw 




Multirate Systems and Applications 


Filter banks for the application of subband coding of speech were introduced in the 1970s. 

Since then, filter banks and multirate systems have been studied extensively. There has been 

great success in applying multirate systems to many applications. The most notable of these 

applications include subband coding for audio, image, and video, signal analysis and representation 

using wavelets, subband denoising, and so forth. Different applications also call 

for different filter bank designs and the topic of designing one-dimensional and multidimentional 

filter banks for specific applications has been of great interest. 

Recently there has been growing interest in applying multirate theories to the area of 

communication systems such as, transmultiplexers, filter bank transceivers, blind deconvolution, 

and precoded systems. There are strikingly many dualities and similarities between 

multirate systems and multicarrier communication systems. Many problems in multicarrier 

transmission can be solved by extending results from multirate systems and filter banks. 

This exciting research area is one that is of increasing importance. 

The aim of this special issue is to bring forward recent developments on filter banks and 

the ever-expanding area of applications of multirate systems. 


Multirate signal processing for communications 

Filter bank transceivers 

One-dimensional and multidimensional filter bank designs for specific applications 

Denoising 

Adaptive filtering 

Subband coding 

Audio, image, and video compression 

Signal analysis and representation 

Feature extraction and classification 

Other applications 


site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an

electronic copy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JASP manuscript 

tracking system at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable: 

Manuscript Due January 1, 2006 



Publication Date 4th Quarter, 2006 


Yuan-Pei Lin, Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung 

University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; ypl@mail.nctu.edu.tw 

See-May Phoong, Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of 

Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 

smp@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw 

Ivan Selesnick, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic 

University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; selesi@poly.edu 

Soontorn Oraintara, Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at 

Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; oraintar@uta.edu 

Gerald Schuller, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT), 

Langewiesener Strasse 22, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; shl@idmt.fraunhofer.de 




Multisensor Processing for Signal Extraction 

and Applications 


Source signal extraction from heterogeneous measurements has a wide range of applications 

in many scientific and technological fields, for example, telecommunications, speech 

and acoustic signal processing, and biomedical pattern analysis. Multiple signal reception 

through multisensor systems has become an effective means for signal extraction due to 

its superior performance over the monosensor mode. Despite the rapid progress made in 

multisensor-based techniques in the past few decades, they continue to evolve as key technologies 

in modern wireless communications and biomedical signal processing. This has 

led to an increased focus by the signal processing community on the advanced multisensorbased 

techniques which can offer robust high-quality signal extraction under realistic assumptions 

and with minimal computational complexity. However, many challenging tasks 

remain unresolved and merit further rigorous studies. Major efforts in developing advanced 

multisensor-based techniques may include high-quality signal extraction, realistic theoretical 

modeling of real-world problems, algorithm complexity reduction, and efficient realtime 

implementation. 

The purpose of this special issue aims to present state-of-the-art multisensor signal 

extraction techniques and applications. Contributions in theoretical study, performance 

analysis, complexity reduction, computational advances, and real-world applications are 

strongly encouraged. 


Multiantenna processing for radio signal extraction 

Multimicrophone speech recognition and enhancement 

Multisensor radar, sonar, navigation, and biomedical signal processing 

Blind techniques for multisensor signal extraction 

Computational advances in multisensor processing 



copy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JASP manuscript tracking 

system at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due January 1, 2006 



Publication Date 4th Quarter, 2006 


Chong-Yung Chi, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; cychi@ee.nthu.edu.tw 

Ta-Sung Lee, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; tslee@cc.nctu.edu.tw 

Zhi-Quan Luo, University of Minnesota, USA; luozq@ece.umn.edu 

Kung Yao, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; yao@ee.ucla.edu 

Yue Wang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA; yuewang@vt.edu 


EURASIP JOURNAL ON 

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 

AND NETWORKING 

The overall aim of EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 

(EURASIP JWCN) is to bring science and applications together on 

wireless communications and networking technologies with emphasis on signal 

processing techniques and tools. It is directed at both practicing engineers and 

academic researchers. EURASIP JWCN will highlight the continued growth and 

new challenges in wireless technology, both for application development and 

basic research. Papers should emphasize original results relating to the theory 

and/or applications of wireless communications and networking. Tutorial papers, 

especially those emphasizing multidisciplinary views of communications and 

networking, are also welcomed. EURASIP JWCN employs a paperless, electronic 

submission, and evaluation system to promote a rapid turnaround in the peer 

review process. 

The journal publishes two types of issues: regular issues and special issues. Regular 

issues publish collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues 

feature specifically aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors 

responding to a particular Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest 

editor(s). Regular papers can be submitted at any time, while special issue papers 

can be submitted only based on planned schedules and submission guidelines of 

the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can be submitted directly to the 

Editor-in-Chief. 

Subject areas include, but are by no means limited to: Ad hoc networks; Channel 

modeling and propagation; Detection, estimation, and synchronization; Diversity 

and space-time techniques; End-to-end design techniques; Error control coding; 

Iterative techniques for joint optimization; Modulation techniques (CDMA, 

OFDM, multicarrier, spread-spectrum, etc.); Multiuser, MIMO channels, and 

multiple access schemes; Network performance, reliability, and quality of service; 

Resource allocation over wireless networks; Security, authentication, and cryptography; 

Signal Processing Techniques and Tools; Ultra wide band systems; Wireless 

network services and medium access control. 

Editorial Board: Phillip Regalia (Editor-in-Chief), Thushara Abhayapala, Farid 

Ahmed, Alagan Anpalagan, Anthony C. Boucouvalas, Jonathon Chambers, Biao 

Chen, Pascal Chevalier, Chia-Chin Chong, Soura Dasgoupta, Petar M. Djurić, 

Abraham Fapojuwo, Michael Gastpar, Alex B. Gershman, Wolfgang Gerstacker, 

David Gesbert, Fary Ghassemlooy, Alfred Hanssen, Stefan Kaiser, George K. Karagiannidis, 

Hyung-Myung Kim, Chi Chung Ko, Richard J. Kozick, Bhaskar Krishnamachari, 

Vincent Lau, Dave Laurenson, Tho Le-Ngoc, Tongtong Li, Wei 

(Wayne) Li, Steve McLaughlin, Marc Moonen, Eric Moulines, Sayandev Mukherjee, 

Arumugam Nallanathan, Kamesh Namuduri, Athina Petropulu, H. Vincent 

Poor, Brian Sadler, Ivan Stojmenovic, Lee Swindlehurst, Sergios Theodoridis, Lang 

Tong, Luc Vandendorpe, Yang Xiao, Lawrence Yeung, and Weihua Zhuang. 


EURASIP Journal on on Wireless Communications and Networking, Volume 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005 



Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation 

Wireless Systems 

Frederik Petré 

Wireless Research, Interuniversity Micro-Electronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium 

Email: frederik.petre@imec.be 

Ahmet Kondoz 

Centre for Communication Systems Research (CCSR), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK 

Email: a.kondoz@surrey.ac.uk 

Stefan Kaiser 

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories Europe GmbH, Landsberger Str. 312, 80687 Munich, Germany 

Email: kaiser@docomolab-euro.com 

Ashish Pandharipande 

Communication and Networking Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 

P.O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea 

Email: p.ashish@samsung.com 

1. BACKGROUND 

Future-generation wireless systems aim to support a spectrum of services over a variety of 

networks in a way transparent to the user. Flexibility and adaptivity are key ingredients of 

such future-generation wireless systems in order to deliver optimal quality of service (QoS) 

for different applications over diverse communication environments. Rather than relying 

on the traditional horizontal communication model, consisting of a single wireless access 

system, these future 4G systems will employ a vertical communication model, which integrates 

different existing and new evolving wireless access systems on a common IP-based 

platform, to complement each other for different service requirements and radio environments. 

To enable seamless and transparent interworking between these different wireless 

access systems, or communication modes, through horizontal (intrasystem) and vertical

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 113 

(intersystem) handovers, multimode functionality is needed to support the different existing 

air interfaces and the newly emerging ones. 

It is expected that multimode capabilities will be ultimately focussed on the terminal 

side to target a larger market base. New challenges then appear in terms of minimizing the 

terminal cost, size, and power consumption, while at the same time maximizing its flexibility 

with respect to communication standards as well as its adaptivity with respect to varying 

user requirements and changing communication conditions. The conventional approach 

to the design of a multimode terminal is the provision of a custom baseband processor for 

every communication mode. However, with the growing number of standards and communication 

modes, this approach is becoming increasingly infeasible and economically unacceptable. 

A more efficient approach towards this design is to adopt a reconfigurable (as 

opposed to fixed) radio concept, such that the terminal can adapt to the best-suited communication 

mode under the control of a QoS manager. A high degree of flexibility is not 

only required for the digital baseband processing but also for the analog radio frequency 

(RF) front end, which should accept a large range of carrier frequencies, possess a flexible 

bandwidth, and deal with a wide variety of operational conditions. Likewise, the same high 

degree of flexibility is not only called for at the physical layer but also at the medium access 

control (MAC) (and possibly higher) layer(s), to be compatible with the protocols of the 

different standards. 

2. OVERVIEW OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE 

This special issue, which has been conceptualized within the framework of the IST-FP6 

Network of Excellence in Wireless COMmunications (NEWCOM), and, more specifically, 

within the context of NEWCOM Project D on “Flexible Radio,” contains 3 invited papers 

and 9 regular papers. 

The first (invited) paper “Software-defined radio-basics and evolution to cognitive radio,” 

by F. K. Jondral, reviews the basic concepts and terminology of software-defined radio 

(SDR), and discusses its future evolution towards cognitive radio. The author further 

emphasizes the importance of standardization and introduces the so-called software communications 

architecture (SCA) as an example framework that allows an object-oriented 

development of SDRs. 

2.1. Flexible baseband processing 

The second (invited) paper “Flexible radio: A framework for optimized multimodal operation 

via dynamic signal design,” by I. Dagres et al., introduces a general framework for the 

study and design of flexible/reconfigurable radio systems, with a special focus on the baseband 

portion of the physical layer and its interactions with procedures taking place in the 

higher layers. Furthermore, the authors describe specific tools and fundamentals that underpin 

such flexible transceiver architectures to provide multistandard capabilities, channel 

adaptivity, and user/service personalization. 

The third (invited) paper “Adaptive transmitter optimization in multiuser multiantenna 

systems: Theoretical limits, effect of delays, and performance enhancements,” by 

D. Samardzija et al., considers optimum linear precoders for multiantenna, multiuser systems. 

Optimality is considered in terms of maximizing the sum rate capacity subject to an 

average transmitter power constraint. Performance limits of the proposed schemes under 

channel prediction and delayed feedback are presented.

114 EURASIP JWCN, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005 

The fourth paper “Flexible MIMO transmission scheme for 4G wireless systems with 

multiple antennas,” by François Horlin et al., presents a generic transmission scheme that 

allows to instantiate combinations of OFDM and cyclic-prefixed single-carrier modulation 

schemes with DS-CDMA. Additionally, space-division multiplexing (SDM) and orthogonal 

space-time block coding (STBC) have been integrated in the generic transmission scheme. 

For each resulting mode, the optimal linear MMSE multiuser receiver has been derived. A 

mode selection strategy has also been proposed that trades off efficiently the communication 

performance in a typical suburban dynamic outdoor environment with the complexity 

and PAPR at the mobile terminal. 

The fifth paper “Reconfigurable signal processing and hardware architecture for broadband 

wireless communications,” by Y.-C. Liang et al., proposes a flexible baseband 

transceiver, which can be reconfigured to any type of cyclic-prefix-based communication 

scheme. In addition, the authors introduce a corresponding reconfigurable hardware architecture, 

and identify the common blocks that can be reused across the different communication 

schemes. Finally, they recognize that the major challenge is to have an efficient system 

configuration and management function that will initiate and control the reconfiguration 

based on user requirements and channel conditions. 

The sixth paper “Modular software-defined radio,” by A.-R. Rhiemeier, proposes a 

model of signal processing software including irregular, connected, directed, acyclic graphs 

with random node weights and random edges. Several approaches for mapping such software 

to a given hardware are discussed. Taking into account previous findings as well as new 

results from system simulations presented, the paper concludes on the utility of pipelining 

as a general design guideline for modular software-defined radio. 

The seventh paper “Adaptive mobile positioning in WCDMA networks,” by B. Dong and 

X. Wang, introduces a technique for mobile tracking in wideband code-division multipleaccess 

(WCDMA) systems employing multiple receive antennas. To achieve a high estimation 

accuracy, the algorithm utilizes the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements 

in the forward link pilot channel, the angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements in the reverse 

link pilot channel, as well as the received signal strength. The proposed algorithm jointly 

tracks the unknown system parameters as well as the mobile position and velocity. 

2.2. Flexible analog RF front ends 

The eighth paper “Flexible frequency discrimination subsystems for reconfigurable radio 

front ends,” by B. Carey-Smith et al., surveys recent advances in flexible, frequency-selective, 

circuit components (including bandpass and bandstop filters, and narrowband tunable antennas) 

applicable to software-defined radio front ends. In this perspective, the authors 

discuss the filtering requirements in the SDR context and advocate the use of intelligent, 

adaptive control to provide environment-aware frequency discrimination. 

The ninth paper “Flexible analog front ends of reconfigurable radios based on sampling 

and reconstruction with internal filtering,” by Y. S. Poberezhskiy and G. Y. Poberezhskiy, 

pursues several ways to overcome the challenges of practical realization and implementation 

of novel sampling and reconstruction techniques with internal filtering. In this perspective, 

the impact of these novel techniques on the analog front-end architectures and capabilities 

of software-defined radios is discussed. 

The tenth paper “A reconfigurable spiral antenna for adaptive MIMO systems,” by B. A. 

Cetiner et al., studies the design of spiral antennas that are reconfigurable in the sense that 

they can alter antenna characteristics through structural change. In their work, the authors


propose a reconfigurable spiral antenna architecture based on RF-MEMS technology. The 

presented technology allows monolithic integration of RF-MEMS with antenna structures 

on any microwave laminate substrate, with the capability to change the impedance and 

radiation characteristics of the antenna. As a reference model, the design, fabrication, and 

characterization of conventional single-arm rectangular spiral antennas radiating circularly 

polarized fields along their axes are presented in the paper. 

2.3. Flexible MAC and higher-layer protocols 

The eleventh paper “Multimode communication protocols enabling reconfigurable radios,” 

by L. Berlemann et al., proposes a generic protocol stack, comprising common protocol 

functionality for reconfigurable wireless communication systems. More specifically, the 

proposed generic protocol stack contains parameterizable modules of basic protocol functions 

that reside in the data link layer and the network layer of the open systems interconnect 

(OSI) model. It is demonstrated that the presented parameterizable modules can be 

regarded as a toolbox for the timely and cost-efficient development of future communication 

protocols. 

The twelfth paper “Towards a fraud-prevention framework for software defined radio 

devices,” by A. Brawerman and J. A. Copeland, considers a framework for security enhancement 

in mobile SDR devices through the introduction of new hardware units and protocols. 

The presented framework offers enhanced security by incorporating features like monitoring 

against malicious attacks and viruses, authentication, critical information-protection, 

and anticloning. Proofs and experimental results are also given to validate the presented 

fraud-prevention framework. 

Acknowledgments 

Many people deserve our gratitude for helping us to put together this special issue. First of 

all, we wish to express our gratitude to the Editor-in-Chief, Phil Regalia, for giving us the 

opportunity and the support to realize this special issue within the context of the IST FP6 

Network of Excellence in Wireless COMmunications (NEWCOM). Naturally, we would 

like to thank the authors of the regular papers for their valuable and timely contributions. 

We are also grateful to the authors of the three invited papers: Friedrich Jondral, Andreas 

Polydoros and his coauthors, and Narayan Mandayam and his coauthors. Fianlly, our appreciation 

goes to the many obliging reviewers, without them our decision making would 

have been impossible. 

Frederik Petré 

Ahmet Kondoz 

Stefan Kaiser 

Ashish Pandharipande


Volume 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005 


Software-Defined Radio—Basics and Evolution 

to Cognitive Radio 

Open Access 

Friedrich K. Jondral 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.275 

We provide a brief overview over the development of software-defined or reconfigurable 

radio systems. The need for software-defined radios is underlined and the most important 

notions used for such reconfigurable transceivers are thoroughly defined. The role of standards 

in radio development is emphasized and the usage of transmission mode parameters 

in the construction of software-defined radios is described. The software communications 

architecture is introduced as an example for a framework that allows an object-oriented 

development of software-defined radios. Cognitive radios are introduced as the next step in 

radio systems’ evolution. The need for cognitive radios is exemplified by a comparison of 

present and advanced spectrum management strategies. 

Flexible Radio: A Framework for Optimized 

Multimodal Operation via Dynamic Signal Design 

Ioannis Dagres, Andreas Zalonis, Nikos Dimitriou, 

Konstantinos Nikitopoulos, and Andreas Polydoros 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.284 

The increasing need for multimodal terminals that adjust their configuration on the fly in 

order to meet the required quality of service (QoS), under various channel/system scenarios, 

creates the need for flexible architectures that are capable of performing such actions. 

The paper focuses on the concept of flexible/reconfigurable radio systems and especially on 

the elements of flexibility residing in the PHYsical layer (PHY). It introduces the various 

ways in which a reconfigurable transceiver can be used to provide multistandard capabilities, 

channel adaptivity, and user/service personalization. It describes specific tools developed 

within two IST projects aiming at such flexible transceiver architectures. Finally, a 

specific example of a mode-selection algorithmic architecture is presented which incorporates 

all the proposed tools and, therefore, illustrates a baseband flexibility mechanism.


Adaptive Transmitter Optimization in Multiuser 

Multiantenna Systems: Theoretical Limits, 

Effect of Delays, and Performance Enhancements 

Open Access 

Dragan Samardzija, Narayan Mandayam, and Dmitry Chizhik 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.298 

The advances in programmable and reconfigurable radios have rendered feasible transmitter 

optimization schemes that can greatly improve the performance of multiple-antenna 

multiuser systems. Reconfigurable radio platforms are particularly suitable for implementation 

of transmitter optimization at the base station. We consider the downlink of a wireless 

system with multiple transmit antennas at the base station and a number of mobile terminals 

(i.e., users) each with a single receive antenna. Under an average transmit power constraint, 

we consider the maximum achievable sum data rates in the case of (1) zero-forcing 

(ZF) spatial prefilter, (2) modified zero-forcing (MZF) spatial prefilter, and (3) triangularization 

spatial prefilter coupled with dirty-paper coding (DPC) transmission scheme. We 

show that the triangularization with DPC approaches the closed-loop MIMO rates (upper 

bound) for higher SNRs. Further, the MZF solution performs very well for lower SNRs, 

while for higher SNRs, the rates for the ZF solution converge to the MZF rates. An important 

impediment that degrades the performance of such transmitter optimization schemes 

is the delay in channel state information (CSI). We characterize the fundamental limits of 

performance in the presence of delayed CSI and then propose performance enhancements 

using a linear MMSE predictor of the CSI that can be used in conjunction with transmitter 

optimization in multiple-antenna multiuser systems. 

Flexible Transmission Scheme for 4G Wireless 

Systems with Multiple Antennas 

François Horlin, Frederik Petré, Eduardo Lopez-Estraviz, 

Frederik Naessens, and Liesbet Van der Perre 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.308 

New air interfaces are currently being developed to meet the high requirements of the 

emerging wireless communication systems. In this context, the combinations of the multicarrier 

(MC) and spread-spectrum (SS) technologies are promising candidates. In this 

paper, we propose a generic transmission scheme that allows to instantiate all the combinations 

of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and cyclic-prefixed singlecarrier 

(SC) modulations with direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA). 

The generic transmission scheme is extended to integrate the space-division multiplexing 

(SDM) and the orthogonal space-time block coding (STBC). Based on a generalized matrix 

model, the linear frequency-domain minimum mean square error (MMSE) joint detector 

is derived. A mode selection strategy for up- and downlink is advised that efficiently trades 

off the cost of the mobile terminal and the achieved performance of a high-mobility cellular 

system. It is demonstrated that an adaptive transceiver that supports the proposed communication 

modes is necessary to track the changing communication conditions.


Reconfigurable Signal Processing and 

Hardware Architecture for Broadband 

Wireless Communications 

Open Access 

Ying-Chang Liang, Sayed Naveen, Santosh K. Pilakkat, and Ashok K. Marath 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.323 

This paper proposes a broadband wireless transceiver which can be reconfigured to any 

type of cyclic-prefix (CP) -based communication systems, including orthogonal frequencydivision 

multiplexing (OFDM), single-carrier cyclic-prefix (SCCP) system, multicarrier 

(MC) code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA), MC direct-sequence CDMA (MC-DS- 

CDMA), CP-based CDMA (CP-CDMA), and CP-based direct-sequence CDMA (CP-DS- 

CDMA). A hardware platform is proposed and the reusable common blocks in such a 

transceiver are identified. The emphasis is on the equalizer design for mobile receivers. It is 

found that after block despreading operation, MC-DS-CDMA and CP-DS-CDMA have the 

same equalization blocks as OFDM and SCCP systems, respectively, therefore hardware and 

software sharing is possible for these systems. An attempt has also been made to map the 

functional reconfigurable transceiver onto the proposed hardware platform. The different 

functional entities which will be required to perform the reconfiguration and realize the 

transceiver are explained. 

Modular Software-Defined Radio 

Open Access 

Arnd-Ragnar Rhiemeier 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.333 

In view of the technical and commercial boundary conditions for software-defined radio 

(SDR), it is suggestive to reconsider the concept anew from an unconventional point of 

view. The organizational principles of signal processing (rather than the signal processing 

algorithms themselves) are the main focus of this work on modular software-defined radio. 

Modularity and flexibility are just two key characteristics of the SDR environment which 

extend smoothly into the modeling of hardware and software. In particular, the proposed 

model of signal processing software includes irregular, connected, directed, acyclic graphs 

with random node weights and random edges. Several approaches for mapping such software 

to a given hardware are discussed. Taking into account previous findings as well as new 

results from system simulations presented here, the paper finally concludes with the utility 

of pipelining as a general design guideline for modular software-defined radio. 

Adaptive Mobile Positioning in WCDMA Networks 

B. Dong and Xiaodong Wang 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.343 

We propose a new technique for mobile tracking in wideband code-division multiple-access 

(WCDMA) systems employing multiple receive antennas. To achieve a high estimation accuracy, 

the algorithm utilizes the time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements in the 

forward link pilot channel, the angle of arrival (AOA) measurements in the reverse-link pi-


lot channel, as well as the received signal strength. The mobility dynamic is modelled by a 

first-order autoregressive (AR) vector process with an additional discrete state variable as 

the motion offset, which evolves according to a discrete-time Markov chain. It is assumed 

that the parameters in this model are unknown and must be jointly estimated by the tracking 

algorithm. By viewing a nonlinear dynamic system such as a jump-Markov model, we 

develop an efficient auxiliary particle filtering algorithm to track both the discrete and continuous 

state variables of this system as well as the associated system parameters. Simulation 

results are provided to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed adaptive 

mobile positioning algorithm in WCDMA networks. 

Flexible Frequency Discrimination Subsystems 

for Reconfigurable Radio Front Ends 

Open Access 

Bruce E. Carey-Smith, Paul A. Warr, Phill R. Rogers, 

Mark A. Beach, and Geoffrey S. Hilton 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.354 

The required flexibility of the software-defined radio front end may currently be met with 

better overall performance by employing tunable narrowband circuits rather than pursuing 

a truly wideband approach. A key component of narrowband transceivers is appropriate 

filtering to reduce spurious spectral content in the transmitter and limit out-of-band interference 

in the receiver. In this paper, recent advances in flexible, frequency-selective, circuit 

components applicable to reconfigurable SDR front ends are reviewed. The paper contains 

discussion regarding the filtering requirements in the SDR context and the use of intelligent, 

adaptive control to provide environment-aware frequency discrimination. Wide tuningrange 

frequency-selective circuit elements are surveyed including bandpass and bandstop 

filters and narrowband tunable antennas. The suitability of these elements to the mobile 

wireless SDR environment is discussed. 

Flexible Analog Front Ends of Reconfigurable 

Radios Based on Sampling and Reconstruction 

with Internal Filtering 

Open Access 

Yefim S. Poberezhskiy and Gennady Y. Poberezhskiy 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.364 

Bandpass sampling, reconstruction, and antialiasing filtering in analog front ends potentially 

provide the best performance of software defined radios. However, conventional techniques 

used for these procedures limit reconfigurability and adaptivity of the radios, complicate 

integrated circuit implementation, and preclude achieving potential performance. 

Novel sampling and reconstruction techniques with internal filtering eliminate these drawbacks 

and provide many additional advantages. Several ways to overcome the challenges of 

practical realization and implementation of these techniques are proposed and analyzed. 

The impact of sampling and reconstruction with internal filtering on the analog front end 

architectures and capabilities of software defined radios is discussed.


A Reconfigurable Spiral Antenna for 

Adaptive MIMO Systems 

Open Access 

BedriA.Cetiner,J.Y.Qian,G.P.Li,andF.DeFlaviis 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.382 

We present a reconfigurable spiral antenna for use in adaptive MIMO systems. The antenna 

is capable of changing the sense of polarization of the radiated field. It is fabricated 

by using an RF-MEMS technology compatible with microwave laminate substrates developed 

within the author’s group. The proposed antenna structure is built on a number of 

rectangular-shaped bent metallic strips interconnected to each other with RF-MEMS actuators. 

Two senses of polarization, RHCP and LHCP, are achieved by configuring the physical 

structure of the antenna, that is, by changing the winding sense of the spiral, through judicious 

activation of MEM actuators. The fabrication process for the monolithic integration 

of MEM actuators with bent microstrip pixels on RO4003-FR4 microwave laminate substrate 

is described. The measured and calculated radiation and impedance characteristics of 

the antenna are given. The operating frequency of the presented antenna design can easily 

be adjusted to be compatible with popular IEEE networking standards such as 802.11a. 

Multimode Communication Protocols Enabling 

Reconfigurable Radios 

Open Access 

Lars Berlemann, Ralf Pabst, and Bernhard Walke 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.390 

This paper focuses on the realization and application of a generic protocol stack for reconfigurable 

wireless communication systems. This focus extends the field of software-defined 

radios which usually concentrates on the physical layer. The generic protocol stack comprises 

common protocol functionality and behavior which are extended through specific 

parts of the targeted radio access technology. This paper considers parameterizable modules 

of basic protocol functions residing in the data link layer of the ISO/OSI model. Systemspecific 

functionality of the protocol software is realized through adequate parameterization 

and composition of the generic modules. The generic protocol stack allows an efficient realization 

of reconfigurable protocol software and enables a completely reconfigurable wireless 

communication system. It is a first step from side-by-side realized, preinstalled modes in a 

terminal towards a dynamic reconfigurable anymode terminal. The presented modules of 

the generic protocol stack can also be regarded as a toolbox for the accelerated and costefficient 

development of future communication protocols. 

Towards a Fraud-Prevention Framework for 

Software Defined Radio Mobile Devices 

Alessandro Brawerman and John A. Copeland 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.401 

The superior reconfigurability of software defined radio mobile devices has made it the 

most promising technology on the wireless network and in the communication industry.


Despite several advantages, there are still a lot to discuss regarding security, for instance, the 

radio configuration data download, storage and installation, user’s privacy, and cloning. 

The objective of this paper is to present a fraud-prevention framework for software defined 

radio mobile devices that enhances overall security through the use of new pieces of hardware, 

modules, and protocols. The framework offers security monitoring against malicious 

attacks and viruses, protects sensitive information, creates and protects an identity for the 

system, employs a secure protocol for radio configuration download, and finally, establishes 

an anticloning scheme, which besides guaranteeing that no units can be cloned over the air, 

also elevates the level of difficulty to clone units if the attacker has physical access to the mobile 

device. Even if cloned units exist, the anticloning scheme is able to identify and deny 

services to those units. Preliminary experiments and proofs that analyze the correctness of 

the fraud-prevention framework are also presented. 

Extended Lock Range Zero-Crossing Digital 

Phase-Locked Loop with Time Delay 

Open Access 

Qassim Nasir 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.413 

The input frequency limit of the conventional zero-crossing digital phase-locked loop 

(ZCDPLL) is due to the operating time of the digital circuitry inside the feedback loop. 

A solution that has been previously suggested is the introduction of a time delay in the 

feedback path of the loop to allow the digital circuits to complete their sample processing 

before the next sample is received. However, this added delay will limit the stable operation 

range and hence lock range of the loop. The objective of this work is to extend the lock 

range of ZCDPLL with time delay by using a chaos control. The tendency of the loop to 

diverge is measured and fed back as a form of linear stabilization. The lock range extension 

has been confirmed through the use of a bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponent. 

Intersymbol Decorrelating Detector for 

Asynchronous CDMA Networks with Multipath 

Gaonan Zhang, Guoan Bi, and Qian Yu 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.419 

Most reported multiuser detection techniques for CDMA systems need the channel estimation 

including the delay spread and the parameters of the multipath channel of the desired 

user. This paper proposes an intersymbol decorrelating detector that makes use of the 

cross-correlation matrix constructed by the consecutively received symbols. The proposed 

detector is attractive for its simplicity because no channel estimation is required except for 

the synchronization of the desired user. Compared with other reported multiuser detectors, 

simulation results show that the proposed detector provides a good performance when the 

active users have significant intersymbol interference.


Supporting QoS in MANET by a Fuzzy Priority 

Scheduler and Performance Analysis with 

Multicast Routing Protocols 

Open Access 

C. Gomathy and S. Shanmugavel 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.426 

Mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes characterized by wireless 

links. The major challenge in ad hoc networks lies in adapting multicast communication 

to environments, where mobility is unlimited and failures are frequent. Such problems increase 

the delays and decrease the throughput. To meet these challenges, to provide QoS, 

and hence to improve the performance, a scheduler can be used. In this paper we design a 

fuzzy-based priority scheduler to determine the priority of the packets. The performance of 

the scheduler is studied with the multicast routing protocols. The scheduler is evaluated in 

terms of the quantitative metrics such as packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay 

and the results are found to be encouraging. 

A Low-Complexity Approach to Space-Time 

Coding for Multipath Fading Channels 

Open Access 

Mari Kobayashi and Giuseppe Caire 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.437 

We consider a single-carrier multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless system where 

the transmitter is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiver has a single antenna. 

For this setting, we propose a space-time coding scheme based on the concatenation of 

trellis-coded modulation (TCM) with time-reversal orthogonal space-time block coding 

(TR-STBC). The decoder is based on reduced-state joint equalization and decoding, where 

a minimum mean-square-error decision-feedback equalizer is combined with a Viterbi decoder 

operating on the TCM trellis without trellis state expansion. In this way, the decoder 

complexity is independent of the channel memory and of the constellation size. We show 

that, in the limit of large block length, the TCM-TR-STBC scheme with reduced-state joint 

equalization and decoding can achieve the full diversity offered by the MISO multipath 

channel. Remarkably, simulations show that the proposed scheme achieves full diversity 

for short (practical) block length and simple TCM codes. The proposed TCM-TR-STBC 

scheme offers similar/superior performance with respect to the best previously proposed 

schemes at significantly lower complexity and represents an attractive solution to implement 

transmit diversity in high-speed TDM-based downlink of third-generation systems, 

such as EDGE and UMTS. 

New PN Even Balanced Sequences for 

Spread-Spectrum Systems 

J. A. L. Inácio,J.A.B.Gerald,andM.D.Ortigueira 

Open Access 

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.447 

A new class of pseudonoise even balanced (PN-EB) binary spreading sequences is derived 

from existing classical odd-length families of maximum-length sequences, such as those


proposed by Gold, by appending or inserting one extra-zero element (chip) to the original 

sequences. The incentive to generate large families of PN-EB spreading sequences is motivated 

by analyzing the spreading effect of these sequences from a natural sampling point 

of view. From this analysis a new definition for PG is established, from which it becomes 

clear that very high processing gains (PGs) can be achieved in band-limited direct-sequence 

spread-spectrum (DSSS) applications by using spreading sequences with zero mean, given 

that certain conditions regarding spectral aliasing are met. To obtain large families of even 

balanced (i.e., equal number of ones and zeros) sequences, two design criteria are proposed, 

namely the ranging criterion (RC) and the generating ranging criterion (GRC). PN-EB sequences 

in the polynomial range 3 ≤ n ≤ 6 are derived using these criteria, and it is shown 

that they exhibit secondary autocorrelation and cross-correlation peaks comparable to the 

sequences they are derived from. The methods proposed not only facilitate the generation 

of large numbers of new PN-EB spreading sequences required for CDMA applications, but 

simultaneously offer high processing gains and good despreading characteristics in multiuser 

SS scenarios with band-limited noise and interference spectra. Simulation results are 

presented to confirm the respective claims made.

EURASIP JWCN FORTHCOMING SPECIAL ISSUES 

Ad Hoc Networks: Cross-Layer Issues 

Guest Editors: Sergio Palazzo, Leandros Tassiulas, and Lang Tong 

Ad Hoc Networks, due to their intended support of “no-limit” infrastructure-less communication, 

pose many significant new challenges with respect to traditional wireless networks. 

The main particularities of ad hoc networks, which typically require new solutions for distributed 

signal processing and control, can be summarized as follows: the autonomous 

and spontaneous nature of nodes which leads to dynamic unpredictable topology; node 

mobility which may cause link failures and network partitions; battery limitations which 

imply constraints on transmission power and network connectivity; and the need for cooperative 

and/or opportunistic behaviour in spite of the natural energy conservative selfish 

attitude of nodes. 

Traditional layered protocol architectures are not well suited to deal with these multifaceted 

issues, because they do not exploit the potential improvement in performance 

that can be obtained through cross-layer design. Typical examples of transversal objectives 

which deserve joint interaction of algorithms and techniques that span multiple layers are 

energy efficiency, quality-of-service support, reliability, and network scalability. This special 

issue sollicits research papers which shed new light on the potential benefits gained by 

applying a cross-layer design perspective to ad hoc networks. We seek original and unpublished 

contributions addressing novel architectures, algorithms, and/or protocols, where 

evidence of the performance gain obtained is shown by either theoretical analysis, simulation, 

or experimental results. 

Wireless Sensor Networks 

Guest Editors: Biao Chen, Wendi Heinzelman, Mingyan Liu, 

and Andrew T. Campbell 

Recent advances in integrated circuit and digital wireless communication technologies have 

enabled the design of wireless sensor networks to facilitate the joint processing of spatially 

and temporally distributed information. Such networks greatly enhance our ability to understand 

and evaluate complex systems and environments. Using wireless connectivity for 

sensor networks offers increased flexibility in the deployment and reconfiguration of the 

network and reduces the infrastructure cost. These advantages will enable sensor networks 

to monitor complex environments for applications ranging from battlefield surveillance to 

environment monitoring and telemedicine control. 

Enormous challenges in the understanding of sensor networks presently impede deployment 

of many of the envisaged applications. In particular, for wireless sensor networks 

that employ in situ unattended sensors, physical constraints integrating power, bandwidth, 

and cost have presented significant challenges as well as research opportunities in the field. 

One of the major concerns is maintaining connectivity: the geographical disperseness of 

the sensor nodes and the ad hoc network structure, coupled with the above-mentioned resource 

constraints, make this a unique challenge. Maintaining efficient network operation 

is further exacerbated by the volume of data generated by the sensors, which is disproportionally 

large compared with the network capacity. This special issue is intended to provide

EURASIP JWCN Forthcoming Special Issues 125 

a venue for the dissemination of high-quality research addressing these challenges for wireless 

sensor networks. We solicit original contributions that have direct connection to or 

impact on the communications and networking design of wireless sensor networks. 

Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 

Guest Editors: Wei (Wayne) Li, Mohsen Guizani, and Demetrios Kazakos 

Mobile ad hoc networking is a challenging task due to a lack of resources residing in the network 

as well as frequent changes in network topology. Although much research has been 

directed to supporting QoS in the Internet and traditional wireless networks, present results 

are not suitable for mobile ad hoc network (MANET). QoS support for mobile ad 

hoc networks remains an open problem, drawing interest from both academia and industry 

under military and commercial sponsorship. MANETs have certain unique characteristics 

that pose several difficulties in provisioning QoS, such as dynamically varying network 

topology, lack of precise state information, lack of central control, error-prone shared radio 

channels, limited resource availability, hidden terminal problems, and insecure media, and 

little consensus yet exists on which approaches may be optimal. Future MANETs are likely 

to be “multimode” or heterogeneous in nature. Thus, the routers comprising a MANET will 

employ multiple, physical-layer wireless technologies, with each new technology requiring 

a multiple-access (MAC) protocol for supporting QoS. Above the MAC layer, forwarding, 

routing, signaling, and admission control policies are required, and the best combination 

of these policies will change as the underlying hardware technology evolves. 

The special issue solicits original papers dealing with state-of-the-art and up-to-date efforts 

in design, performance analysis, implementation and experimental results for various 

QoS issues in MANETs. Fundamental research results as well as practical implementations 

and demonstrators are encouraged. 

CMOS RF Circuits for Wireless Applications 

Guest Editors: Kris Iniewski, Mourad El-Gamal, and Robert Bogdan Staszewski 

Advanced concepts for wireless communications present a vision of technology that is embedded 

in our surroundings and practically invisible, but present whenever required. From 

established radio techniques like GSM, 802.11, or Bluetooth to more emerging ones like 

ultra-wideband (UWB) or smart dust moats, a common denominator for future progress 

is underlying CMOS technology. Although the use of deep-submicron CMOS processes 

allows for an unprecedented degree of scaling in digital circuitry, it complicates implementation 

and integration of traditional RF circuits. The explosive growth of standard cellular 

radios and radically different new wireless applications makes it imperative to find architectural 

and circuit solutions to these design problems. 

Two key issues for future silicon-based systems are scale of integration and ultra-low 

power dissipation. The concept of combining digital, memory, mixed-signal, and RF circuitry 

on one chip in the form of System-on-Chip (SoC) has been around for a while. 

However, the difficulty of integrating heterogeneous circuit design styles and processes onto 

one substrate still remains. Therefore, System-in-Package (SiP) concept seems to be gaining 

more acceptance.

126 EURASIP JWCN Forthcoming Special Issues 

While it is true that heterogeneous circuits and architectures originally developed for 

their native technologies cannot be effectively integrated “as is” into a deep-submicron 

CMOS process, one might ask the question whether those functions can be ported into 

more CMOS-friendly architectures to reap all the benefits of the digital design and flow. 

It is not predestined that RF wireless frequency synthesizers be always charge-pump-based 

PLLs with VCOs, RF transmit upconverters be I/Q modulators, receivers use only Gilbert 

cell or passive continuous-time mixers. Performance of modern CMOS transistors is nowadays 

good enough for multi-GHz RF applications. 

Low power has always been important for wireless communications. With new developments 

in wireless sensor networks and wireless systems for medical applications, the power 

dissipation is becoming a number one issue. Wireless sensor network systems are being 

applied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. These systems have 

unique characteristics and face many implementation challenges. The requirement for long 

operating life for a wireless sensor node under limited energy supply imposes the most severe 

design constraints. This calls for innovative design methodologies at the circuit and 

system level to address this rigorous requirement. 

Wireless systems for medical applications hold a number of advantages over wired alternatives, 

including the ease of use, reduced risk of infection, reduced risk of failure, reduced 

patient discomfort, enhanced mobility, and lower cost. Typically, applications demand expertise 

in multiple disciplines, varying from analog sensors to digital processing cores, suggesting 

opportunities for extensive hardware integration. 

The special issue will address the state of the art in CMOS design in the context of wireless 

communication for 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wireless 

medical applications.

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 


Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Communication 

Systems—Technology and Applications 


The opening of unlicensed frequency band between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz (7.5 GHz) 

for indoor wireless communication systems by the Federal Communications Commission 

(FCC) spurred the development of ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. Several wireless 

personal area networking (WPAN) products have been demonstrated recently. These 

products implement one of the two leading proposals to the IEEE 802.15.3a High-Speed 

WPAN Standards Committee. On the other hand, the IEEE 802.15.4a Standards Committee 

is focusing on low power, low bit rate applications, emphasizing accurate localization. 

This flurry of activity has demonstrated the feasibility of high-bit-rate and low-bit-rate/lowpower 

UWB communications. Further improvement in UWB transmission speed and reductions 

in power consumption and UWB transceiver cost require a comprehensive investigation 

of UWB communications that simultaneously addresses system issues, analog and 

digital implementation constraints, and RF circuitry limitations. In the application area, 

coexistence with other wireless standards plays an important role. 

The aim of this special issue is to present recent research in UWB communication systems 

with emphasis on future applications in wireless communications. Prospective papers 

should be unpublished and present novel innovative contributions from either a methodological 

or an application perspective. 

Suggested topics include (but are not limited) to: 

UWB channel modeling and measurement 

High-bit-rate UWB communications 

UWB modulation and multiple access 

Synchronization and channel estimation 

Pulse shaping and filtering 

UWB transceiver design and signal processing 

Interference and coexistence 

Ultra-low-power UWB transmission 

MIMO-UWB 

Multiband UWB 

Spectral management 

UWB wireless networks and related issues

Ranging and positioning 

Applications 

Authors should follow the EURASIP JWCN manuscript format described at the journal 

site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic 

copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JWCN manuscript tracking 

system at http://www.mstracking.com/wcn/, according to the following timetable: 

Manuscript Due September 1, 2005 





Nallanathan Arumugam, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National 

University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260; elena@nus.edu.sg 

Arne Svensson, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Signals and Systems, 

41296, Göteborg, Sweden; arne.svensson@s2.chalmers.se 

A. H. Tewfik, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 4-174 

EE/CSCI Building, 200 Union st. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455; tewfic@ece.umn.edu 




Wireless Network Security 


Recent advances in wireless network technologies have rapidly developed in recent years, 

as evidenced by wireless location area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks 

(WPANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), and wireless wide area networks 

(WWANs), that is, cellular networks. A major impediment to their deployment, however, 

is wireless network security. For example, the lack of data confidentiality in wired equivalent 

privacy (WEP) protocol has been proven, and newly adopted standards such as IEEE 

802.11i robust secruity network (RSN) and IEEE 802.15.3a ultra-wideband (UWB) are not 

fully tested and, as such, may expose unforeseen security vulnerabilities. The effort to improve 

wireless network security is linked with many technical challenges including compatibility 

with legacy wireless networks, complexity in implementation, and cost/performance 

trade-offs. The need to address wireless network security and to provide timely, solid technical 

contributions establishes the motivation behind this special issue. 

This special issue will focus on novel and functional ways to improve wireless network 

security. Papers that do not focus on wireless network security will not be reviewed. Specific 

areas of interest in WLANs, WPANs, WMANs, and WWANs include, but are not limited 

to: 

Attacks, security mechanisms, and security services 

Authentication 

Access control 

Data confidentiality 

Data integrity 

Nonrepudiation 

Encryption and decryption 

Key management 

Fraudulent usage 

Wireless network security performance evaluation 

Wireless link layer security 

Tradeoff analysis between performance and security 

Authentication and authorization for mobile service network 

Wireless security standards (IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, 3GPP, and 

3GPP2)










Yang Xiao, Computer Science Division, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, 

USA; yangxiao@ieee.org 

Yi-Bing Lin, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National 

Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; liny@csie.nctu.edu.tw 

Ding-Zhu Du, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, 

Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; dzd@cs.umn.edu 




Radio Resource Management in 3G+ Systems 


The 3G+ wireless systems can be characterized by aggregate bit rates in the range of Mbps, 

QoS support for interactive multimedia services, global mobility, service portability, enhanced 

ubiquity, and larger user capacity. All digital entirely packet-switched radio networks 

involving hybrid networking and access technologies are envisioned in 3G+ systems. 

In such systems, radio resource management (RRM) plays a major role in the provision of 

QoS and efficient utilization of scarce radio resources. With the required support for multimedia 

services to multiple users over diverse wireless networks and ever-increasing demand 

for high-quality wireless services, the need for effective and efficient RRM techniques becomes 

more important than ever. The addition of efficient packet data channels in both 

forward and reverse directions and QoS support in 3G standards leads to a more flexible 

network, but at the same time increases the complexity of determining the optimal allocation 

of resources especially on the radio interface. This special issue is devoted to addressing 

the urgent and important need for efficient and effective RRM techniques in the evolving 

next-generation wireless systems. 

We are seeking original, high-quality, and unpublished papers representing the stateof-the-art 

research in radio resource management aspects of the next-generation wireless 

communication systems. Topics of interests include, but are not limited to: 

Resource optimization for multimedia services 

Rate allocation and adaptation 

Transmit power control and allocation 

Intelligent scheduling 

Subcarrier allocation in multicarrier systems 

Antenna selection techniques in MIMO systems 

Call admission control 

Load balancing, congestion, and flow control in radio networks 

Modeling and analysis of QoS in wireless networks 

Adaptive QoS control for wireless multimedia 

Delay and jitter management in wireless networks 

Handoff and mobility management 

RRM techniques in hybrid radio networks 

Distributed versus centralized RRM

RRM in mesh networks 

Cross-layer optimization of radio resources 

H-ARQ techniques and issues 

Performance of multihop and cooperative networks 

Challenges in implementation of VoIP over radio networks 

Experimental and implementation issues 










Alagan Anpalagan, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson 

University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3; alagan@ee.ryerson.ca 

Rath Vannithamby, Ericsson Inc., 5012 Wateridge Vista Drive, San Diego, CA 92126, 

USA; rath.vannithamby@ericsson.com 

Weihua Zhuang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of 

Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1; 

wzhuang@bbcr.uwaterloo.ca 

Sonia Aissa, INRS-EMT, UniversitéduQuébec, Place Bonaventure, 800 Gauchetiere 

Ouest, Suite 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6; aissa@inrs-emt.uquebec.ca 




Multiuser Cooperative Diversity 

for Wireless Networks 


Multihop relaying technology is a promising solution for future cellular and ad-hoc wireless 

communications systems in order to achieve broader coverage and to mitigate wireless 

channels impairment without the need to use large power at the transmitter. Recently, a new 

concept that is being actively studied in multihop-augmented networks is multiuser cooperative 

diversity, where several terminals form a kind of coalition to assist each other with 

the transmission of their messages. In general, cooperative relaying systems have a source 

node multicasting a message to a number of cooperative relays, which in turn resend a processed 

version to the intended destination node. The destination node combines the signal 

received from the relays, possibly also taking into account the source’s original signal. Cooperative 

diversity exploits two fundamental features of the wireless medium: its broadcast 

nature and its ability to achieve diversity through independent channels. There are three 

advantages from this: 

(1) Diversity. This occurs because different paths are likely to fade independently. The 

impact of this is expected to be seen in the physical layer, in the design of a receiver 

that can exploit this diversity. 

(2) Beamforming gain. The use of directed beams should improve the capacity on the individual 

wireless links. The gains may be particularly significant if space-time coding 

schemes are used. 

(3) Interference Mitigation. A protocol that takes advantage of the wireless channel 

and the antennas and receivers available could achieve a substantial gain in system 

throughput by optimizing the processing done in the cooperative relays and in the 

scheduling of retransmissions by the relays so as to minimize mutual interference 

and facilitate information transmission by cooperation. 

The special issue solicits original research papers dealing with up-to-date efforts in design, 

performance analysis, implementation and experimental results of cooperative diversity 

networks. 

We seek original, high-quality, and unpublished papers representing the state-of-theart 

research in the area of multiuser cooperative diversity as applied to the next generation

multihop wireless communication systems. We encourage submission of high-quality papers 

that report original work in both theoretical and experimental research areas. 

Topics of interests include, but are not limited to: 

Information theoretic aspects of cooperative diversity 

Cooperative diversity from the standpoint of multiuser information theory: 

Shannon capacity 

Cooperative diversity and its relation to network coding 

Security aspects 

Physical layer and networking aspects of cooperative diversity 

Cooperative protocols for wireless relay, ad hoc, and sensor multihop networks 

Cross-layer protocol design 

Power allocation in networks with cooperative diversity 

Reducing transmission energy and extending terminal battery life in cooperative 

diversity networks 

Relay networks architectures 

MIMO transmission and cooperative diversity networks 

Cooperative systems with space-time coding 

MIMO transmission in multihop networks 

Cooperative MIMO 





Manuscript Due November 1, 2005 

Acceptance Notification March 1, 2006 

Final Manuscript Due June 1, 2006 



George K. Karagiannidis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle 

University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; geokarag@auth.gr 

Chintha Tellambura, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of 

Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4; chintha@ece.ualberta.ca 

Sayandev Mukherjee, Lucent Technologies, 600-700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 

07974, USA; sayan@lucent.com 

Abraham O. Fapojuwo, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The 

University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4; 

fapojuwo@ucalgary.ca 


EURASIP BOOK SERIES ON 

SIGNAL PROCESSING 

AND COMMUNICATIONS 

EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications publishes monographs, 

edited volumes, and textbooks on signal processing and communications. 

Published Titles 

High-Fidelity Multichannel Audio Coding, Dai Tracy Yang, Chris Kyriakakis, and 

C.-C. Jay Kuo 

Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics, Editedby:EdwardR.Dougherty, 

Ilya Shmulevich, Jie Chen, and Z. Jane Wang 

Forthcoming Titles 

Smart Antennas—State of the Art, Edited by: Thomas Kaiser, André Bourdoux, 

Holger Boche, Javier Rodríguez Fonollosa, Jörgen Bach Andersen, 

and Wolfgang Utschick 

UWB Communication Systems—A Comprehensive Overview, 

Edited by: Andreas Molisch, Ian Oppermann, Maria Gabriella Di Benedetto, 

Domenico Porcino, David Bateman, Phillip Rouzet, and Thomas Kaiser 

Resource Allocation and Management over Wireless Networks: Basics, 

Techniques, and Applications, K. J. Ray Liu and Zhu Han 

Signal Processing for the Acoustic Human/Machine Interface, Walter Kellermann 

and Herbert Buchner 

Digital Fingerprinting for Multimedia Forensics, K. J. Ray Liu, Wade Trappe, Z. Jane 

Wang, Min Wu, and Hong Zhao 

Advances on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing, Edited by: Stephen Marshall 

and Giovanni L. Sicuranza 


K. J. Ray Liu, University of Maryland, USA; kjrliu@eng.umd.edu 

Editorial Board 

Zhi Ding, University of California, USA; zding@ece.ucdavis.edu 

Moncef Gabbouj, Tampere University of Technology, Finland; 

moncef.gabbouj@tut.fi 

Peter Grant, University of Edinburgh, UK; pmg@ee.ed.ac.uk 

Ferran Marqués, ETSETB Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain; 

ferran@gps.tsc.upc.es 

Marc Moonen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; 

marc.moonen@esat.kuleuven.ac.be 

Hideaki Sakai, Kyoto University, Japan; hsakai@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp 

Giovanni Sicuranza, Dipartimento di Elettronica/Informatica, Italy; 

sicuranza@univ.trieste.it 

Bob Stewart, University of Strathclyde, UK; r.stewart@eee.strath.ac.uk 

Sergios Theodoridis, University of Athens, Greece; stheodor@di.uoa.gr 

For more information, please contact spc.ed@hindawi.com. 

http://www.hindawi.com/books/spc/

Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications 

Smart Antennas−−State 

of the Art 

Edited by: Thomas Kaiser, André Bourdoux, Holger Boche, Javier Rodríguez 

Fonollosa, Jörgen Bach Andersen, and Wolfgang Utschick 

“Smart Antennas—State of the Art” brings together the broad expertise of 41 European 

experts in smart antennas. They provide a comprehensive review and an 

extensive analysis of the recent progress and new results generated during the 

last years in almost all fields of smart antennas and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple 

Output) transmission. The book covers Receiver Signal Processing, Channel, Transmitter, 

Network Information Theory, Technology, and Systems/Applications. 

This book serves as a reference for scientists and engineers, who need to be aware 

of the leading edge research in multiple antenna communications, an essential 

technology for emerging broadband wireless systems. 

UWB Communication 

Systems−−A Comprehensive 

Overview 

Edited by: Andreas Molisch, Ian Oppermann, Maria Gabriella Di Benedetto, 

Domenico Porcino, David Bateman, Phillip Rouzet, and Thomas Kaiser 

Ultrawideband (UWB) communication systems offer an unprecedented opportunity 

to impact the future communication world. The enormous available bandwidth, 

the wide scope of the data rate/range trade-off, as well as the potential for very 

low-cost operation leading to pervasive usage, all present a unique opportunity for 

UWB systems to impact the way people and intelligent machines communicate and 

interact with their environment. 

The book is targeted at advanced academic researchers, wireless designers, and 

graduate students wishing to greatly enhance their knowledge of all aspects of 

UWB systems. 

http://www.hindawi.com/books/spc/ 

�INDAWI 

Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, #287 pmb, 

New York, NY 10022, USA; Fax 1-866-446-3294 (USA, toll-free)


Resource Allocation and Management 

over Wireless Networks: Basics, 

Techniques, and Applications 

K. J. Ray Liu and Zhu Han; ISBN: 977-5945-11-9 

With the advancement of technologies, wireless networks have become ubiquitous 

owing to the great demands of pervasive mobile applications. To satisfy the growing 

requests of wireless services, the future wireless networks are characterized 

by broadband, high data rate capabilities, integration of services, heterogeneous 

QoS provisioning, flexibility, and scalability. Many technical challenges yet remain 

to achieve these requirements, such as the adverse natures of wireless channels, 

scarce wireless resources, and conflicts among users. Resource allocation is a general 

strategy to combat detrimental effects of wireless channels, optimize the allocations 

of limited resources, and control the interferences, so as to provide the 

desired services and optimize the system performances. Foreseeing the emerging 

needs and the potentials of resource allocation in the future wireless network 

design, this book will provide the overview of the background, the optimization 

framework, and recent progress and advancement. 

This book aims at developing a unified view on how to efficiently optimize the 

dynamic allocations of scant wireless resources over assorted wireless network 

scenarios. It covers concepts in signal processing, economics, decision theory, optimization, 

information theory, communications, and networking to address the 

issues in question. 

The book is partitioned into three parts. In Part I, the basic concepts of resource 

allocation are considered for multiple users to share the limited wireless resources 

for their transmissions under some practical constraints. Topics included are wireless 

network models, power control, rate adaptation, scheduling, channel allocation, 

admission control, handover, etc. In part II, the optimization techniques commonly 

used for wireless resource allocation problems are considered. They include 

static optimization, dynamic optimization, game theory approach, and other signal 

processing techniques. Finally, in Part III, the resource allocation issues for 

different networking scenarios are presented, in particular, the MIMO systems, heterogeneous 

QoS provisioning, OFDM networks, wireless multimedia, packet access 

systems, and ad hoc and sensor networks. 


�INDAWI 




Signal Processing for the Acoustic 

Human-Machine Interface 

Walter Kellermann and Herbert Buchner; ISBN: 977-5945-16-X 

This monograph presents a coherent treatment of the state of the art in acoustic 

signal processing for speech and audio, especially for ‘natural’ human-machine 

interfaces, where users are untethered and mobile. This area has attracted many 

researchers in recent years due to that novel highly advanced signal processing 

algorithms promise significant practical benefits. For a direct access to the state of 

the art, this book is designed as a textbook and reference for graduate students, 

practicing engineers, and researchers with some background in digital signal processing. 

The book starts with a discussion of the properties of acoustic systems and speech 

and audio signals involved in the scenario, and then defines the fundamental problems 

and basic signal processing concepts for both reproduction and acquisition 

of such signals. For each of these concepts, we start with single-channel algorithms 

and then strongly emphasize the increasingly important multichannel techniques, 

which open the door to new solutions by exploiting the spatial domain. 

The first of these concepts to describe is the extension of acoustic echo cancellation 

from the single-channel case to multiple loudspeaker channels, to the combination 

with microphone arrays, and also to nonlinear echo paths. 

For the enhancement of speech and audio signals as acquired in noisy and reverberant 

environments, we first examine single-channel noise reduction and dereverberation 

schemes. Multichannel schemes are discussed in three chapters on statistical 

multichannel signal enhancement, classical spatial filtering (supervised beamforming), 

and blind signal separation for convolutive mixtures, which can be seen as 

blind beamforming. 

As an additional building block of natural human-machine interfaces, localization 

of sources, e.g., as needed for supervised beamforming, is addressed and the current 

state of the art is reviewed. 

Finally, the integration of several of the above algorithmic modules into real-world 

systems is discussed, by way of both general strategies and specific examples. 


�INDAWI 




Digital Fingerprinting for Multimedia Forensics 

K. J. Ray Liu, Wade Trappe, Z. Jane Wang, Min Wu, and Hong Zhao 

ISBN: 977-5945-18-6 

The popularity of multimedia content has led to the widespread distribution and 

consumption of digital multimedia data. As a result of the relative ease with which 

individuals may now alter and repackage digital content, ensuring that media content 

is employed by authorized users for its intended purpose is becoming an 

issue of eminent importance to both governmental security and commercial applications. 

Digital fingerprinting is a class of multimedia forensic technologies to 

track and identify entities involved in the illegal manipulation and unauthorized 

usage of multimedia content, thereby protecting the sensitive nature of multimedia 

data as well as its commercial value after the content has been delivered to a 

recipient. 

This book covers the essential aspects of research in this emerging technology, and 

explains the latest development in this field. It describes the framework of multimedia 

fingerprinting, discusses the challenges that may be faced when enforcing 

usage polices, and investigates the design of fingerprints that cope with new families 

of multiuser attacks that may be mounted against media fingerprints. The 

discussion provided in the book highlights challenging problems as well as future 

trends in this research field, providing readers with a broader view of the evolution 

of the young field of multimedia forensics. 

Topics and features: 

Comprehensive coverage of digital watermarking and fingerprinting in multimedia 

forensics for a number of media types. 

Detailed discussion on challenges in multimedia fingerprinting and analysis of 

effective multiuser collusion attacks on digital fingerprinting. 

Thorough investigation of fingerprint design and performance analysis for addressing 

different application concerns arising in multimedia fingerprinting. 

Well-organized explanation of problems and solutions, such as order-statisticsbased 

nonlinear collusion attacks, efficient detection and identification of colluders, 

group-oriented fingerprint design, and anti-collusion codes for multimedia fingerprinting. 

Presenting the state of the art in collusion-resistant digital fingerprinting for multimedia 

forensics, this invaluable book is accessible to a wide range of researchers 

and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, computer science, information 

technologies, and digital rights management. 


�INDAWI 




Advances on Nonlinear Signal 

and Image Processing 

Edited by: Stephen Marshall and Giovanni L. Sicuranza 

ISBN: 977-5945-21-6 

The interest in nonlinear methods in signal processing is steadily increasing, since 

nowadays the advances in computational capacities make it possible to implement 

sophisticated nonlinear processing techniques which in turn allow remarkable improvements 

with respect to standard and well-consolidated linear processing approaches. 

The aim of the book is to present a review of emerging new areas of interest involving 

nonlinear signal and image processing theories, techniques, and tools. 

More than 30 leading researchers have contributed to this book covering the major 

topics relevant to nonlinear signal processing. These topics include recent theoretical 

contributions in different areas of digital filtering and a number of applications 

in genomics, speech analysis and synthesis, communication system, active noise 

control, digital watermarking, feature extraction, texture analysis, and color image 

processing. 

The book is intended as a reference for recent advances and new applications of 

theories, techniques, and tools in the area of nonlinear signal processing. The target 

audience are graduate students and practitioners working on modern signal 

processing applications. 


�INDAWI 




Genetic and Evolutionary Computation 

for Image Processing and Analysis 

Edited by: Stefano Cagnoni, Evelyne Lutton, and Gustavo Olague 

ISBN: 977-5945-22-4 

Image analysis and processing is steadily gaining relevance within the large number 

of application fields to which genetic and evolutionary computation (GEC) techniques 

are applied. Although more and more examples of such applications can be 

found in literature, they are scattered, apart from a few exceptions, in proceedings 

and journals dedicated to more general topics. This book is the first attempt to 

offer a panoramic view on the field, by describing applications of most mainstream 

GEC techniques to a wide range of problems in image processing and analysis. 

More than 20 leading researchers in the field have contributed to this book, covering 

topics ranging from low-level image processing to high-level image analysis in 

advanced computer vision applications. Although the book is mainly applicationoriented, 

particular care has been given to introducing GEC methods, in each chapter, 

at a level which makes them accessible to a wide audience. The expected target 

of the book comprises practitioners and researchers in image analysis and processing 

who may not be familiar with GEC techniques. At the same time, the book 

can as well be of interest for researchers in evolutionary computation, since most 

contributions focus on applications of genetic and evolutionary techniques which 

are based on nontrivial implementations of such methods. This feature reflects the 

nature of the contributions which are authored both by researchers for which GEC 

is the main field of interest and by researchers whose work is mainly focused on 

image processing and analysis. 


�INDAWI 



How to Become a EURASIP Member 

EURASIP membership is open to all persons and institutions active or interested in signal 

processing within Europe or outside. Membership benefits include free subscription 

to EURASIP Newsletter; reduced subscription to the journals “Signal Processing,” “Speech 

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telefax number, and the desired journals to EURASIP, European Association for Signal, 

Speech, and Image Processing, EPFL-STI-LTS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, together 

with your remittance. 

Your payments to EURASIP can be made in any of the following methods. In all cases, 

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For membership inquiries contact Fabienne Vionnet at sigpro@epfl.ch 

Please remember to mention your name and your EURASIP membership number on 

all payment forms. 

2005 Membership Fees in Euros for EURASIP Members 

Institutional €80 

Individual €40 

Student/Retired €30 

2005 Print Only Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Elsevier journals) 

Institutional Individual 

Signal Processing €2240 €110 

Speech Communication €875 €95 

Signal Processing: Image Communication €725 €92

How to Become a Member of EURASIP 143 

2005 Online Only Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Elsevier Journals) 


Signal Processing – €84 

Speech Communication – €84 

Signal Processing: Image Communication – €81 

All EURASIP members that subscribe to an Elsevier journal have access to its electronic 

version by the Elsevier Website. 

2005 Print Only Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Hindawi Journals) 


EURASIP JASP €910 €128 

EURASIP JWCN €110 €27 

2005 Online Only Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Hindawi Journals) 



EURASIP JWCN – – 

2005 Print and Online Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Hindawi Journals) 



Online only subscribers will be able to download articles from all back volumes as well 

giving them access to EURASIP JASP volumes 2001-2004 in addition to EURASIP JASP 

and EURASIP JWCN volumes 2005. 

JWCN will be Open Access online starting with 2005.

EURASIP MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 

Please check: 

� I wish to become a EURASIP member from now on. 

� This institution wishes to become an institutional EURASIP member from now on. 

� I enclose a copy of my student/retirement certificate to be entitled to pay reduced fees. 

I/We wish to subscribe to the journal(s): 

� Signal Processing 

� Speech Communication 

� Image Communication 

� EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 

Name:............................................................................ 

Institution(ifapplicable):.......................................................... 

Address:.......................................................................... 

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Please mail to: 

EURASIP, European Association for Signal, Speech, and Image Processing, 

EPFL-STI-LTS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 

The AdCom invites EURASIP members to send in to the Newsletter 

Editor appropriate announcements that they wish to be communicated 

to the Signal, Speech, and Image Processing community. 

The Editor reserves the right to edit these to fit into the available space 

as appropriate for the next newsletter publication.

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