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with and rely on in many resource decision making processes. The resulting assessments provided placebased identification of priority areas, with discernment of the watersheds most vulnerable and the most resilient to climate change. Assessing vulnerability is the essential first step in adapting to climate change, and this information provides a basis for managers to target investment of limited resources to sustain or improve watershed resilience. The good news is that the knowledge and tools to maintain and improve watershed resilience are already in place, while the National Watershed Condition Framework (USDA, 2011a) serves as a foundation for setting priorities and restoring watersheds and watershed services. Other US Forest Service programs to improve watersheds, meadows, and streams include diverse partners and programs across the country (Furniss et al. 2010). Implementation of this wide array of management activities is supported by decades of technical experience in planning, analysis, and collaboration. These existing core strengths can be effectively applied to address the growing challenge to public natural resources posed by our changing climate. REFERENCES Barsugli, J.J. and L.O. Mearns. Draft 2010. Climate and Hydrologic Change Scenarios for the Upper Gunnison River, Colorado. Prepared for The Nature Conservancy in support of the southwest Climate Change Initiative’s Climate Change Adaptation Workshop for Natural Resource Managers in the Gunnison Basin. Casola, J.H.; Kay, J.E.; Snover, A.K.; Norheim, R.A.; Whitely Binder, L.C.; Climate Impacts Group. 2005. Climate impacts on Washington’s hydropower, water supply, forests, fish and agriculture. Seattle, WA: Centre for Science and the Earth System, University of Washington. 43 p. Elliot, W.J., R.B. Foltz, and C.H. Luce, 1995. Validation of Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model for Low-Volume Forest Roads. Conference Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Low-Volume Roads, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Transport Research Board, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 178-186. Furniss, Michael J.; Staab, Brian P.; Hazelhurst, Sherry; Clifton, Cathrine F.; Roby, Kenneth B.; Ilhadrt, Bonnie L.; Larry, Elizabeth B.; Todd, Albert H.; Reid, Leslie M.; Hines, Sarah J.; Bennett, Karen A.; Luce, Charles H.; Edwards, Pamela J. 2010. Water, climate change, and forests: watershed stewardship for a changing climate. Gen. 26 | ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF WATERSHEDS TO CLIMATE CHANGE Tech. Rep.PNW-GTR-812. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 75 p. Gao, H., Q. Tang, X. Shi, C. Zhu, T. J. Bohn, F. Su, J. Sheffield, M. Pan, D. P. Lettenmaier, and E. F. Wood. 2010. Water Budget Record from Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Model. In Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for Terrestrial Water Cycle Data Records (in review). Gardali T, Seavy NE, DiGaudio RT, Comrack LA. 2012. A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of California's At-Risk Birds. PLoS ONE 7(3): e29507. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0029507 Glick, P., B.A. Stein, and N.A. Edelson, editors. 2011. Scanning the Conservation Horizon: A Guide to Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D.C. Hamlet, A. F., S. Lee, K. E. B. Mickelson, and M. M. Elsner. 2009. Effects of projected climate change on energy supply and demand in the Pacific Northwest and Washington State, in The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment: Evaluating Washington’s Future in a Changing Climate, edited by J. S. Littell, M. M. Elsner, L. C. W. Binder and A.K. Snover, pp. 165-190 , University of Washington Climate Impacts Group, Seattle, WA. Hamlet, A. F., P. W. Mote, M. P. Clark, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States, J. Clim., 18, 4545 4561. Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4: 1-23. Lee, D.C. and B.E. Rieman. 1997. Population viability assessment of salmonids by using probabilistic networks. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:1144-1157. Luce, C. H., and Z. A. Holden. 2009. Declining annual streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948–2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16401, doi:10.1029/2009GL039407. Luce, Charles; Morgan, Penny; Dwire, Kathleen; Isaak, Daniel; Holden, Zachary; Rieman, Bruce 2012. Climate change, forests, fire, water, and fish: Building resilient landscapes, streams, and managers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-290. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 207 p.
Luo, L. F., and E. F. Wood. 2007. Monitoring and predicting the 2007 U.S. drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 6. Mote, P.W., A. F. Hamlet, M. P. Clark, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Declining mountain snowpack in western North America. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86, 39–49. Ray, A.J., J.J. Barsugli, K.B. Averyt, K. Wolter, M. Hoerling, N. Doesken, B. Udall, R.S. Webb. 2008. Climate Change in Colorado: a Synthesis to Support Water Resources Management and Adaptation. Western Water Assessment. Boulder, CO. Rice, Janine; Tredennick, Andrew; Joyce, Linda A. 2012. Climate change on the Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming: a synthesis of past climate, climate projections, and ecosystem implications. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-264. Fort Collins, 27 | ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF WATERSHEDS TO CLIMATE CHANGE CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 60 p. Spears, M., L. Brekke, A. Harrison, and J Lyons. 2009. Literature Synthesis on Climate Change Implications for Reclamation’s Water Resources. Technical memorandum 86-68210-091. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Research and Development Office. Denver, CO. USFS. 1995. Ecosystem Analysis at the Watershed Scale. Federal Guide for Watershed Analysis. USFS Northwest Region. Regional Ecosystem Office. Portland, Oregon. 26p. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service. 2011a. Forest Service watershed condition classification technical guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service. 2011b. Forest Service watershed condition classification
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Assessment of Watershed Vulnerabili
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White River National Forest Watersh
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Ouachita National Forest Watershed
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