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Sawtooth National Forest Watershed Vulnerability Assessment, Intermountain Region (R4) Elsner, M. M., L. Cuo, N. Voisin, J. S. Deems, A. F. Hamlet, J. A. Vano, K. E. B. Mickelson, S. Lee, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2009. Implications of 21st Century Climate Change for the Hydrology of Washington State, in The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment: Evaluating Washington’s Future in a Changing Climate, edited by J. S. Littell, M. M. Elsner, L. C. W. Binder and A.K. Snover, pp. 69-106, University of Washington Climate Impacts Group, Seattle, WA. Fausch, K. D., Y. Taniguchi, S. Nakano, G. D. Grossman, and C. R. Townsend. 2001. Flood disturbance regimes influence rainbow trout invasion success among five holarctic regions, Ecol. Appl., 11, 1438-1455. Hamlet, A. F., S. Lee, K. E. B. Mickelson, and M. M. Elsner. 2009. Effects of projected climate change on energy supply and demand in the Pacific Northwest and Washington State, in the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment: Evaluating Washington’s Future in a Changing Climate, edited by J. S. Littell, M. M. Elsner, L. C. W. Binder and A.K. Snover, pp. 165-190, University of Washington Climate Impacts Group, Seattle, WA. Hamlet, A. F., P. W. Mote, M. P. Clark, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States, J. Clim., 18, 4545 4561. Hockey, J. B., I. F. Owens, and N. J. Tapper. 1982. Empirical and theoretical models to isolate the effect of discharge on summer water temperatures in the Hurunui River. Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) 21:1–12. Isaak, D.I, Luce, C.H, Rieman, B.E, Nagel, D.E., Peterson, E.E, Horan, D.L., Parkes, S., and Chandler, G.L. 2010. Effects of climate change and wildfire on stream temperatures and salmonid thermal habitat in a mountain river network. Ecological Applications, 20(5), 2010, pp. 1350–137. Isaak, D. J., Thurow, R. F., Rieman, B. E., Dunham, J. B. 2007. Relative roles of habitat size, connectivity, and quality on Chinook salmon use of spawning patches. Ecological Applications. 17: 352- 364. Jonsson B and N. Jonsson. 2009. A review of the likely effects of climate change on anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta, with particular reference to water temperature and flow. Journal of Fish Biology 75: 2381-2447. Lee, D.C. and B.E. Rieman. 1997. Population viability assessment of salmonids by using probabilistic networks North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:1144-1157. Legendre, P. 1993. Spatial autocorrelation: Trouble or new paradigm? Ecology 74:1659–1673. Liang, X., D. P. Lettenmaier, E. F. Wood, and S. J. Burges. 1994. A simple hydrologically based model of land-surface water and energy fluxes for general-circulation models, J. Geophys. Res.- Atmospheres, 99, 14415-14428. Liang, X., E. F. Wood, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 1996. Surface soil moisture parameterization of the VIC-‐2L model: Evaluation and modification, Global Planet. Change, 13, 195–206. Luce, C. H., and Z. A. Holden. 2009. Declining annual streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948–2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16401, doi:10.1029/2009GL039407. 182 Assessing the Vulnerability of Watersheds to Climate Change
Sawtooth National Forest Watershed Vulnerability Assessment, Intermountain Region (R4) Luce, Charles H., Tarboton, David G., Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Pack, Robert T. 2005. Reply to comment by Jonathan J. Rhodes on ‘‘Modeling of the interactions between forest vegetation, disturbances, and sediment yields,’’ J. Geophys. Res., 110, F01013, doi:10.1029/2004JF000279. Luo, L. F., and E. F. Wood. 2007. Monitoring and predicting the 2007 U.S. drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 6. Matheussen, B., R. L. Kirschbaum, I. A. Goodman, G. M. O'Donnell, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2000. Effects of land cover change on streamflow in the interior Columbia River Basin (USA and Canada), Hydrol. Processes, 14, 867-885. McKenzie, D., Gedalof, Z., Peterson, D. L., Mote, P. 2004. Climate change, wildfire, and conservation. Conservation Biology. 18: 890-902. Morita, K., and Yamamoto, S. 2002. Effect of habitat fragmentation by damming on the persistence of stream-dwelling charr populations. Conservation Biology. 16: 1318-1323. Mote, P. W., A. F. Hamlet, M. P. Clark, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Declining mountain snowpack in western North America, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 39–49. Neville, H. M., J. B. Dunham, and M. M. Peacock. 2006. Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network. Landscape Ecology 21:901– 916. O’Neal, K. 2002. Effects of Global Warming on Trout and Salmon in U.S. Streams, Defenders of Wildlife and National Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC Pearsons, T. N., H. W. Li, and G. A. Lamberti. 1992. Influence of habitat complexity on resistance to flooding and resilience of stream fish assemblages. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121:427–436. Regonda, S. K., B. Rajagopalan, M. Clark, and J. Pitlick. 2005. Seasonal cycle shifts in hydroclimatology over the western United States, J. Clim., 18, 372–384. Rich, C. F., T. E. McMahon, B. E. Rieman, and W. L. Thompson. 2003. Local-habitat, watershed, and biotic features associated with bull trout occurrence in Montana streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132: 1053–1064. Royer, T. V. and G. W. Minshall. 1997. Temperature patterns in small streams following wildfire. Archiv fu r Hydrobiologie 140:237–242. Saunders, H.R., R.J. Hobbs, and C.R. Margules. 1990. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology 5:18-32. Scarnecchia, D. L., and E. P. Bergersen. 1987. Trout production and standing crop in Colorado’s small streams, as related to environmental features. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 7:315– 330. Schlosser, J.J. 1991. Stream fish ecology: a landscape perspective. Bioscience 41:704-712. Schlosser, J.J. 1982. Trophic structure reproductive success and growth rate of fishes in a natural and modified headwater streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39:968-978. 183 Assessing the Vulnerability of Watersheds to Climate Change
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AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Authors* M
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ASSESSSING THE VULNERABILITY OF WAT
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staff; the task group included repr
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Figure 2. Conceptual model for asse
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Figure 3. Density of springs and sm
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Using Historic Data One finding con
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NF (Region 8) relied on information
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level of uncertainty. Though there
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climate (Casola et al. 2005). Only
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sensitivity. Most were derived from
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The sensitivity evaluation typicall
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in exposure. The result of combinin
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highest priority for management act
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to information affected the assessm
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with and rely on in many resource d
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Pilot National Forest Reports Conte
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Assessment of Watershed Vulnerabili
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Gallatin National Forest Watershed
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Helena National Forest Watershed Vu
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Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunniso
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White River National Forest Watersh
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Ouachita National Forest Watershed
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Ouachita National Forest Watershed
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Chequamegon-‐Nicolet National F
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Chugach National Forest Watershed V
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