Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey

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Preface to the Second Edition vii Preface to the Second Edition I feel encouraged by the widespread response from teachers and students alike to the first edition. I am presenting this second edition, thoroughly revised and enlarged, to my readers in all humbleness. All possible efforts have been made to enhance further the usefulness of the book. The feedback received from different sources has been incorporated. In this edition a new chapter on “The Computer: Its role in <strong>Research</strong>” have been added in view of the fact that electronic computers by now, for students of economics, management and other social sciences, constitute an indispensable part of research equipment. The other highlights of this revised edition are (i) the subject contents has been developed, refined and restructured at several points, (ii) several new problems have also been added at the end of various chapters for the benefit of students, and (iii) every page of the book has been read very carefully so as to improve its quality. I am grateful to all those who have helped me directly and/or indirectly in preparing this revised edition. I firmly believe that there is always scope for improvement and accordingly I shall look forward to received suggestions, (which shall be thankfully acknowledged) for further enriching the quality of the text. Jaipur C.R. KOTHARI May 1990
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Page 6 and 7: In loving memory of my revered fath
Page 10 and 11: Preface to the First Edition ix Pre
Page 12 and 13: Contents xi Contents Preface to the
Page 14 and 15: Contents xiii Selection of Appropri
Page 16 and 17: Contents xv ANOVA in Latin-Square D
Page 18 and 19: Research Methodology: An Introducti
Page 28 and 29: Define research problem I Review th
Page 42 and 43: Defining the Research Problem 25 Ov
Page 44 and 45: Defining the Research Problem 27 so
Page 46 and 47: Defining the Research Problem 29 (a
Page 48 and 49: Research Design 31 MEANING OF RESEA
Page 50 and 51: Research Design 33 FEATURES OF A GO
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Page 54 and 55: Research Design 37 Now, what sort o
Page 56 and 57: Research Design 39 The difference b
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Research Design 41 Important Experi
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Research Design 43 extraneous facto
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Research Design 45 From the diagram
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Research Design 47 equal. This redu
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Research Design 49 The graph relati
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Research Design 51 The dotted line
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Appendix: Developing a Research Pla
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Sampling Design 55 CENSUS AND SAMPL
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Sampling Design 57 would like to ma
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Sampling Design 59 Element selectio
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Sampling Design 61 successive drawi
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Sampling Design 63 The following th
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Sampling Design 65 where C 1 = Cost
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Sampling Design 67 Table 4.1 City n
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Measurement and Scaling Techniques
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Methods of Data Collection 95 6 Met
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Methods of Data Collection 97 There
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Methods of Data Collection 99 (viii
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Methods of Data Collection 101 2. I
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Methods of Data Collection 103 inst
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Methods of Data Collection 105 is g
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Methods of Data Collection 107 amon
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Methods of Data Collection 109 Holt
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Methods of Data Collection 111 COLL
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Methods of Data Collection 113 usin
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Methods of Data Collection 115 (v)
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Methods of Data Collection 117 2.
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Appendix (ii): Guidelines for Succe
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Appendix (iii): Difference Between
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Processing and Analysis of Data 123
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Editing Coding Processing of Data (
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Sampling Fundamentals 153 1. Univer
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Sampling Fundamentals 155 should no
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Sampling Fundamentals 157 certain l
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Sampling Fundamentals 159 (i) Stati
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Sampling Fundamentals 161 (ii) To t
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Sampling Fundamentals 163 2 (ii) Sq
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Sampling Fundamentals 165 (ii) Stan
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Sampling Fundamentals 167 σ s 1⋅
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Sampling Fundamentals 169 mean is c
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Sampling Fundamentals 171 08 . = ×
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Sampling Fundamentals 173 We now il
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Sampling Fundamentals 175 (v) Stand
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Sampling Fundamentals 177 where N =
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Sampling Fundamentals 179 Since $p
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Sampling Fundamentals 181 (i) Find
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Sampling Fundamentals 183 25. A tea
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Testing of Hypotheses I 185 Charact
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Testing of Hypotheses I 187 when th
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Testing of Hypotheses I 189 Mathema
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Testing of Hypotheses I 191 PROCEDU
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Testing of Hypotheses I 193 MEASURI
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Testing of Hypotheses I 195 We can
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Testing of Hypotheses I 197 HYPOTHE
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1 2 3 4 5 z OR X − X 1 2 2 2 p p
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1 2 3 4 5 z = p q 0 0 p$ − p$ F H
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Testing of Hypotheses I 203 to have
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Testing of Hypotheses I 205 S. No.
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Testing of Hypotheses I 207 S. No.
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Testing of Hypotheses I 209 nX + nX
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Testing of Hypotheses I 211 (Since
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Testing of Hypotheses I 213 Table 9
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Testing of Hypotheses I 215 σ diff
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Testing of Hypotheses I 217 Solutio
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Testing of Hypotheses I 219 Hence t
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Testing of Hypotheses I 221 of succ
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Testing of Hypotheses I 223 Thus, q
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Testing of Hypotheses I 225 the val
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Testing of Hypotheses I 227 and 2 X
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Testing of Hypotheses I 229 LIMITAT
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Testing of Hypotheses I 231 20. Ten
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Chi-square Test 233 10 Chi-Square T
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Chi-square Test 235 S. No. 1 2 3 4
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Chi-square Test 237 As a test of go
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Chi-square Test 239 (i) First of al
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Chi-square Test 241 The expected fr
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Chi-square Test 243 Show that the s
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Chi-square Test 245 Events or Expec
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Chi-square Test 247 c h χ 2 N ⋅
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Chi-square Test 249 from a number o
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Chi-square Test 251 Questions 1. Wh
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Chi-square Test 253 No. of boys 5 4
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Chi-square Test 255 23. For the dat
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Analysis of Variance and Co-varianc
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 283 12 Tes
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 285 Illust
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 287 Table
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 289 fact,
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 291 The te
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 293 Pair B
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 297 Illust
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 299 Soluti
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 301 r = nu
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 303 where
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 307 We now
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 309 (ii) I
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 311 all po
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Testing of Hypotheses-II 313 CONCLU
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Multivariate Analysis Techniques 31
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Appendix Summary Chart: Showing the
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Interpretation and Report Writing 3
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The Computer: Its Role in Research
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Appendix 375 Appendix (Selected Sta
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Appendix 377 Table 2: Critical Valu
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Appendix 379 v 2 Table 4(a): Critic
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Appendix 381 Table 5: Values for Sp
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s l Min Max 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Appendix 385 Table 8: Cumulative Bi
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Appendix 387 Table 9: Selected Crit
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Appendix 389 1 2 3 4 5 6 40 0.368 0
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Selected References and Recommended
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Selected References and Recommended
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Author Index 395 Ackoff, R.L., 25,
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Author Index 397 Murphy, James L.,
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Subject Index 399 Content analysis,
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Subject Index 401 Research Plan, 53
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