Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Multivariate Analysis Techniques 333 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 .155 .083 .582 .613 .201 .801 1.000 .152 8 .774 .652 .072 .111 .724 .120 .152 1.000 Column sums Ua1 Normalizing U we a1 obtain Va1 3.662 3.263 3.392 3.385 3.324 3.666 3.587 3.605 i.e., V = a1 U /Nor- a malizing factor .371 .331 .344 .343 .337 .372 .363 .365 * b g b g b g b g b g b g b g b g 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 * Normalizing factor = 3662 . + 3. 263 + 3392 . + 3385 . + 3. 324 + 3666 . + 3587 . + 3. 605 = 97. 372 = 9. 868 Then we obtain U a2 by accumulatively multiplying V a1 row by row into R and the result comes as under: U a2 : [1.296, 1.143, 1.201, 1.201, 1.165, 1.308, 1.280, 1.275] Normalizing it we obtain (normalizing factor for U a2 will be worked out as above and will be = 3.493): V a2 : [.371, .327, .344, .344, .334, .374, .366, .365] Comparing V a1 and V a2 , we find the two vectors are almost equal and this shows convergence has occurred. Hence V a1 is taken as the characteristic vector, V a . Finally, we compute the loadings on the first principal component by multiplying V a by the square root of the number that we obtain for normalizing U a2 . The result is as under: Variables (Characteristic × normalizing factor of U a2 = Principal vector V ) a Component I 1 .371 × 1.868 = .69 2 .331 × 1.868 = .62 3 .344 × 1.868 = .64 4 .343 × 1.868 = .64 5 .337 × 1.868 = .63 6 .372 × 1.868 = .70 7 .363 × 1.868 = .68 8 .365 × 1.868 = .68
334 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Methodology</strong> For finding principal component II, we have to proceed on similar lines (as stated in the context of obtaining centroid factor B earlier in this chapter) to obtain the following result * : Variables Principal Component II 1 +.57 2 +.59 3 –.52 4 –.59 5 +.57 6 –.61 7 –.49 8 –.61 The other parts of the question can now be worked out (after first putting the above information in a matrix form) as given below: Variables Principal Components Communality, h2 I II 1 .69 +.57 (.69) 2 + (.57) 2 = .801 2 .62 +.59 (.62) 2 + (.59) 2 = .733 3 .64 –.52 (.64) 2 + (–.52) 2 = .680 4 .64 –.59 (.64) 2 + (–.59) 2 = .758 5 .63 +.57 (.63) 2 + (.57) 2 = .722 6 .70 –.61 (.70) 2 + (–.61) 2 = .862 7 .68 –.49 (.68) 2 + (–.49) 2 = .703 8 .68 –.61 (.68) 2 + (–.61) 2 = .835 Eigen value i.e., common 3.4914 2.6007 6.0921 variance Proportion .436 .325 .761 of total (43.6%) (32.5%) (76%) variance Proportion .573 .427 1.000 of common (57%) (43%) (100%) variance All these values can be interpreted in the same manner as stated earlier. * This can easily be worked out. Actual working has been left as an exercise for the students.
Page 3:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 6 and 7:
In loving memory of my revered fath
Page 8 and 9:
Preface to the Second Edition vii P
Page 10 and 11:
Preface to the First Edition ix Pre
Page 12 and 13:
Contents xi Contents Preface to the
Page 14 and 15:
Contents xiii Selection of Appropri
Page 16 and 17:
Contents xv ANOVA in Latin-Square D
Page 18 and 19:
Research Methodology: An Introducti
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Define research problem I Review th
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Defining the Research Problem 25 Ov
Page 44 and 45:
Defining the Research Problem 27 so
Page 46 and 47:
Defining the Research Problem 29 (a
Page 48 and 49:
Research Design 31 MEANING OF RESEA
Page 50 and 51:
Research Design 33 FEATURES OF A GO
Page 52 and 53:
Research Design 35 of students and
Page 54 and 55:
Research Design 37 Now, what sort o
Page 56 and 57:
Research Design 39 The difference b
Page 58 and 59:
Research Design 41 Important Experi
Page 60 and 61:
Research Design 43 extraneous facto
Page 62 and 63:
Research Design 45 From the diagram
Page 64 and 65:
Research Design 47 equal. This redu
Page 66 and 67:
Research Design 49 The graph relati
Page 68 and 69:
Research Design 51 The dotted line
Page 70 and 71:
Appendix: Developing a Research Pla
Page 72 and 73:
Sampling Design 55 CENSUS AND SAMPL
Page 74 and 75:
Sampling Design 57 would like to ma
Page 76 and 77:
Sampling Design 59 Element selectio
Page 78 and 79:
Sampling Design 61 successive drawi
Page 80 and 81:
Sampling Design 63 The following th
Page 82 and 83:
Sampling Design 65 where C 1 = Cost
Page 84 and 85:
Sampling Design 67 Table 4.1 City n
Page 86 and 87:
Measurement and Scaling Techniques
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Methods of Data Collection 95 6 Met
Page 114 and 115:
Methods of Data Collection 97 There
Page 116 and 117:
Methods of Data Collection 99 (viii
Page 118 and 119:
Methods of Data Collection 101 2. I
Page 120 and 121:
Methods of Data Collection 103 inst
Page 122 and 123:
Methods of Data Collection 105 is g
Page 124 and 125:
Methods of Data Collection 107 amon
Page 126 and 127:
Methods of Data Collection 109 Holt
Page 128 and 129:
Methods of Data Collection 111 COLL
Page 130 and 131:
Methods of Data Collection 113 usin
Page 132 and 133:
Methods of Data Collection 115 (v)
Page 134 and 135:
Methods of Data Collection 117 2.
Page 136 and 137:
Appendix (ii): Guidelines for Succe
Page 138 and 139:
Appendix (iii): Difference Between
Page 140 and 141:
Processing and Analysis of Data 123
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Editing Coding Processing of Data (
Page 170 and 171:
Sampling Fundamentals 153 1. Univer
Page 172 and 173:
Sampling Fundamentals 155 should no
Page 174 and 175:
Sampling Fundamentals 157 certain l
Page 176 and 177:
Sampling Fundamentals 159 (i) Stati
Page 178 and 179:
Sampling Fundamentals 161 (ii) To t
Page 180 and 181:
Sampling Fundamentals 163 2 (ii) Sq
Page 182 and 183:
Sampling Fundamentals 165 (ii) Stan
Page 184 and 185:
Sampling Fundamentals 167 σ s 1⋅
Page 186 and 187:
Sampling Fundamentals 169 mean is c
Page 188 and 189:
Sampling Fundamentals 171 08 . = ×
Page 190 and 191:
Sampling Fundamentals 173 We now il
Page 192 and 193:
Sampling Fundamentals 175 (v) Stand
Page 194 and 195:
Sampling Fundamentals 177 where N =
Page 196 and 197:
Sampling Fundamentals 179 Since $p
Page 198 and 199:
Sampling Fundamentals 181 (i) Find
Page 200 and 201:
Sampling Fundamentals 183 25. A tea
Page 202 and 203:
Testing of Hypotheses I 185 Charact
Page 204 and 205:
Testing of Hypotheses I 187 when th
Page 206 and 207:
Testing of Hypotheses I 189 Mathema
Page 208 and 209:
Testing of Hypotheses I 191 PROCEDU
Page 210 and 211:
Testing of Hypotheses I 193 MEASURI
Page 212 and 213:
Testing of Hypotheses I 195 We can
Page 214 and 215:
Testing of Hypotheses I 197 HYPOTHE
Page 216 and 217:
1 2 3 4 5 z OR X − X 1 2 2 2 p p
Page 218 and 219:
1 2 3 4 5 z = p q 0 0 p$ − p$ F H
Page 220 and 221:
Testing of Hypotheses I 203 to have
Page 222 and 223:
Testing of Hypotheses I 205 S. No.
Page 224 and 225:
Testing of Hypotheses I 207 S. No.
Page 226 and 227:
Testing of Hypotheses I 209 nX + nX
Page 228 and 229:
Testing of Hypotheses I 211 (Since
Page 230 and 231:
Testing of Hypotheses I 213 Table 9
Page 232 and 233:
Testing of Hypotheses I 215 σ diff
Page 234 and 235:
Testing of Hypotheses I 217 Solutio
Page 236 and 237:
Testing of Hypotheses I 219 Hence t
Page 238 and 239:
Testing of Hypotheses I 221 of succ
Page 240 and 241:
Testing of Hypotheses I 223 Thus, q
Page 242 and 243:
Testing of Hypotheses I 225 the val
Page 244 and 245:
Testing of Hypotheses I 227 and 2 X
Page 246 and 247:
Testing of Hypotheses I 229 LIMITAT
Page 248 and 249:
Testing of Hypotheses I 231 20. Ten
Page 250 and 251:
Chi-square Test 233 10 Chi-Square T
Page 252 and 253:
Chi-square Test 235 S. No. 1 2 3 4
Page 254 and 255:
Chi-square Test 237 As a test of go
Page 256 and 257:
Chi-square Test 239 (i) First of al
Page 258 and 259:
Chi-square Test 241 The expected fr
Page 260 and 261:
Chi-square Test 243 Show that the s
Page 262 and 263:
Chi-square Test 245 Events or Expec
Page 264 and 265:
Chi-square Test 247 c h χ 2 N ⋅
Page 266 and 267:
Chi-square Test 249 from a number o
Page 268 and 269:
Chi-square Test 251 Questions 1. Wh
Page 270 and 271:
Chi-square Test 253 No. of boys 5 4
Page 272 and 273:
Chi-square Test 255 23. For the dat
Page 274 and 275:
Analysis of Variance and Co-varianc
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301: Testing of Hypotheses-II 283 12 Tes
Page 302 and 303: Testing of Hypotheses-II 285 Illust
Page 304 and 305: Testing of Hypotheses-II 287 Table
Page 306 and 307: Testing of Hypotheses-II 289 fact,
Page 308 and 309: Testing of Hypotheses-II 291 The te
Page 310 and 311: Testing of Hypotheses-II 293 Pair B
Page 314 and 315: Testing of Hypotheses-II 297 Illust
Page 316 and 317: Testing of Hypotheses-II 299 Soluti
Page 318 and 319: Testing of Hypotheses-II 301 r = nu
Page 320 and 321: Testing of Hypotheses-II 303 where
Page 324 and 325: Testing of Hypotheses-II 307 We now
Page 326 and 327: Testing of Hypotheses-II 309 (ii) I
Page 328 and 329: Testing of Hypotheses-II 311 all po
Page 330 and 331: Testing of Hypotheses-II 313 CONCLU
Page 332 and 333: Multivariate Analysis Techniques 31
Page 360 and 361: Appendix Summary Chart: Showing the
Page 362 and 363: Interpretation and Report Writing 3
Page 378 and 379: The Computer: Its Role in Research
Page 392 and 393: Appendix 375 Appendix (Selected Sta
Page 394 and 395: Appendix 377 Table 2: Critical Valu
Page 396 and 397: Appendix 379 v 2 Table 4(a): Critic
Page 398 and 399: Appendix 381 Table 5: Values for Sp
Page 400 and 401:
s l Min Max 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Page 402 and 403:
Appendix 385 Table 8: Cumulative Bi
Page 404 and 405:
Appendix 387 Table 9: Selected Crit
Page 406 and 407:
Appendix 389 1 2 3 4 5 6 40 0.368 0
Page 408 and 409:
Selected References and Recommended
Page 410 and 411:
Selected References and Recommended
Page 412 and 413:
Author Index 395 Ackoff, R.L., 25,
Page 414 and 415:
Author Index 397 Murphy, James L.,
Page 416 and 417:
Subject Index 399 Content analysis,
Page 418:
Subject Index 401 Research Plan, 53
show all

Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?