Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey

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Analysis of Variance and Co-variance 273 Rows Sum of squares Fig. 11.2 (b) Correction factor = T 2 bg b 12gb 12g n = − − d i 16 bg = 9 2 T SS for total variance = ∑ X ij − = 122 − 9 = 113 n 2 di Tj bg T SS for variance between columns = ∑ − n n SS for variance between rows 1 2 3 4 C A B D Squares of coded figures Columns 1 2 3 4 =∑ − + − Ti T 8 3 n n 4 4 0 −4 = + 4 4 j 2 2 + − + − R S| bg b g b 1g b 7g 4 4 T| 2 2 2 2 66 = − 9 = 75 . 4 + − + − bg bgR S| bg b g b 10g b 7g i 4 4 T| 2 2 2 2 2 2 222 = − 9 = 465 . 4 SS for variance between varieties would be worked out as under: 25 1 1 9 36 B D A C 9 1 36 0 46 A C D B 0 1 9 1 11 D B C A 0 4 0 25 29 Sum of squares 34 7 46 35 T = 122 U V| W| − 9 U V| W| − 9
274 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Methodology</strong> For finding SS for variance between varieties, we would first rearrange the coded data in the following form: Table 11. 9 Varieties of Yield in different parts of field Total (T v ) wheat I II III IV A –1 –6 0 –5 –12 B –1 3 1 –2 1 C 5 0 1 0 6 D –3 –1 –3 0 –7 Now we can work out SS for variance between varieties as under: bg Tv bg T SS for variance between varieties =∑ − n n = R S| T| − + + + − b 12g bg 1 b6g b 7g 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 230 = − 9 = 485 . 4 v U V| W| − 2 2 ∴ Sum of squares for residual variance will work out to 113 – (7.5 + 46.5 + 48.5) = 10.50 d.f. for variance between columns = (c – 1) = (4 – 1) = 3 d.f. for variance between rows = (r – 1) = (4 – 1) = 3 d.f. for variance between varieties = (v – 1) = (4 – 1) = 3 d.f. for total variance = (n – 1) = (16 – 1) = 15 d.f. for residual variance = (c – 1) (c – 2) = (4 – 1) (4 – 2) = 6 ANOVA table can now be set up as shown below: Table 11. 10: The Anova Table in Latin-square Design Source of SS d.f. MS F-ratio 5% F-limit variation Between columns Between rows 7.50 3 46.50 3 750 . = 250 . 3 4650 . = 1550 . 3 9 250 . = 143 . 175 . 1550 . = 885 . 175 . F (3, 6) = 4.76 F (3, 6) = 4.76 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ contd.
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In loving memory of my revered fath
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Preface to the Second Edition vii P
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Preface to the First Edition ix Pre
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Contents xi Contents Preface to the
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Contents xiii Selection of Appropri
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Contents xv ANOVA in Latin-Square D
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Research Methodology: An Introducti
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Define research problem I Review th
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Defining the Research Problem 25 Ov
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Defining the Research Problem 27 so
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Defining the Research Problem 29 (a
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Research Design 31 MEANING OF RESEA
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Research Design 33 FEATURES OF A GO
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Research Design 35 of students and
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Research Design 37 Now, what sort o
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Research Design 39 The difference b
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Research Design 41 Important Experi
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Research Design 43 extraneous facto
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Research Design 45 From the diagram
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Research Design 47 equal. This redu
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Research Design 49 The graph relati
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Research Design 51 The dotted line
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Appendix: Developing a Research Pla
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Sampling Design 55 CENSUS AND SAMPL
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Sampling Design 57 would like to ma
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Sampling Design 59 Element selectio
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Sampling Design 61 successive drawi
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Sampling Design 63 The following th
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Sampling Design 65 where C 1 = Cost
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Sampling Design 67 Table 4.1 City n
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Measurement and Scaling Techniques
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Methods of Data Collection 95 6 Met
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Methods of Data Collection 97 There
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Methods of Data Collection 99 (viii
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Methods of Data Collection 101 2. I
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Methods of Data Collection 103 inst
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Methods of Data Collection 105 is g
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Methods of Data Collection 107 amon
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Methods of Data Collection 109 Holt
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Methods of Data Collection 111 COLL
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Methods of Data Collection 113 usin
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Methods of Data Collection 115 (v)
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Methods of Data Collection 117 2.
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Appendix (ii): Guidelines for Succe
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Appendix (iii): Difference Between
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Processing and Analysis of Data 123
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Editing Coding Processing of Data (
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Sampling Fundamentals 153 1. Univer
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Sampling Fundamentals 155 should no
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Sampling Fundamentals 157 certain l
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Sampling Fundamentals 159 (i) Stati
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Sampling Fundamentals 161 (ii) To t
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Sampling Fundamentals 163 2 (ii) Sq
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Sampling Fundamentals 165 (ii) Stan
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Sampling Fundamentals 167 σ s 1⋅
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Sampling Fundamentals 169 mean is c
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Sampling Fundamentals 171 08 . = ×
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Sampling Fundamentals 173 We now il
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Sampling Fundamentals 175 (v) Stand
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Sampling Fundamentals 177 where N =
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Sampling Fundamentals 179 Since $p
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Sampling Fundamentals 181 (i) Find
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Sampling Fundamentals 183 25. A tea
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Testing of Hypotheses I 185 Charact
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Testing of Hypotheses I 187 when th
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Testing of Hypotheses I 189 Mathema
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Testing of Hypotheses I 191 PROCEDU
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Testing of Hypotheses I 193 MEASURI
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Testing of Hypotheses I 195 We can
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Testing of Hypotheses I 197 HYPOTHE
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1 2 3 4 5 z OR X − X 1 2 2 2 p p
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1 2 3 4 5 z = p q 0 0 p$ − p$ F H
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Testing of Hypotheses I 203 to have
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Testing of Hypotheses I 205 S. No.
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Testing of Hypotheses I 207 S. No.
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Testing of Hypotheses I 209 nX + nX
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Testing of Hypotheses I 211 (Since
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Testing of Hypotheses I 213 Table 9
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Testing of Hypotheses I 215 σ diff
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Testing of Hypotheses I 217 Solutio
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Testing of Hypotheses I 219 Hence t
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Testing of Hypotheses I 221 of succ
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Multivariate Analysis Techniques 32
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Appendix Summary Chart: Showing the
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Interpretation and Report Writing 3
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The Computer: Its Role in Research
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Appendix 375 Appendix (Selected Sta
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Appendix 377 Table 2: Critical Valu
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Appendix 379 v 2 Table 4(a): Critic
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Appendix 381 Table 5: Values for Sp
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s l Min Max 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Appendix 385 Table 8: Cumulative Bi
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Appendix 387 Table 9: Selected Crit
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Appendix 389 1 2 3 4 5 6 40 0.368 0
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Selected References and Recommended
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Selected References and Recommended
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Author Index 395 Ackoff, R.L., 25,
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Author Index 397 Murphy, James L.,
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Subject Index 399 Content analysis,
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Subject Index 401 Research Plan, 53
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Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey

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