Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey
Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey Research Methodology - Dr. Krishan K. Pandey
Chi-square Test 253 No. of boys 5 4 3 2 1 0 No. of girls 0 1 2 3 4 5 No. of families 14 56 110 88 40 12 Is this distribution consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally probable? Apply Chi-square test. 14. What is Yates’ correction? Find the value of Chi-square applying Yates’ correction to the following data: Passed Failed Total Day classes 10 20 30 Evening classes 4 66 70 Total 14 86 100 Also state whether the association, if any, between passing in the examination and studying in day classes is significant using Chi-square test. 15. (a) 1000 babies were born during a certain week in a city of which 600 were boys and 400 girls. Use χ 2 test to examine the correctness of the hypothesis that the sex-ratio is 1 : 1 in newly born babies. (b) The percentage of smokers in a certain city was 90. A random sample of 100 persons was selected in which 85 persons were found to be smokers. Is the sample proportion significantly different from the proportion of smokers in the city? Answer on the basis of Chi-square test. 16. A college is running post-graduate classes in five subjects with equal number of students. The total number of absentees in these five classes is 75. Test the hypothesis that these classes are alike in absenteeism if the actual absentees in each are as follows: History = 19 Philosophy = 18 Economics = 15 Commerce = 12 Chemistry = 11 (M.Phil. (EAFM) Exam. Raj. Uni., 1978) 17. The number of automobile accidents per week in a certain community were as follows: 12, 8, 20, 2, 14, 10, 15, 6, 9, 4 Are these frequencies in agreement with the belief that accident conditions were the same during the 10 week period under consideration? 18. A certain chemical plant processes sea water to collect sodium chloride and magnesium. From scientific analysis, sea water is known to contain sodium chloride, magnesium and other elements in the ratio of 62 : 4 : 34. A sample of 200 tons of sea water has resulted in 130 tons of sodium chloride and 6 tons of magnesium. Are these data consistent with the scientific model at 5 per cent level of significance? 19. An oil company has explored three different areas for possible oil reserves. The results of the test were as given below:
254 Research Methodology Area Total A B C Strikes 7 10 8 25 Dry holes 10 18 9 37 Total number of test wells 17 28 17 62 Do the three areas have the same potential, at the 10 per cent level of significance? 20. While conducting an air traffic study, a record was made of the number of aircraft arrivals, at a certain airport, during 250 half hour time intervals. The following tables gives the observed number of periods in which there were 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or more arrivals as well as the expected number of such periods if arrivals per half hour have a Poisson distribution λ = 2. Does this Poisson distribution describe the observed arrivals at 5 per cent level of significance. Number of observed Number of periods Number of periods arrivals (per half hour) observed expected (Poisson, λ = 2) 0 47 34 1 56 68 2 71 68 3 44 45 4 or more 32 35 21. A marketing researcher interested in the business publication reading habits of purchasing agents has assembled the following data: Business Publication Preferences (First Choice Mentions) Business Publication Frequency of first choice A 35 B 30 C 45 D 55 (i) Test the null hypothesis ( α = 0.05) that there are no differences among frequencies of first choice of tested publications. (ii) If the choice of A and C and that of B and D are aggregated, test the null hypothesis at α = 0.05 that there are no differences. 22. A group of 150 College students were asked to indicate their most liked film star from among six different well known film actors viz., A, B, C, D, E and F in order to ascertain their relative popularity. The observed frequency data were as follows: Actors A B C D E F Total Frequencies 24 20 32 25 28 21 150 Test at 5 per cent whether all actors are equally popular.
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254 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Methodology</strong><br />
Area Total<br />
A B C<br />
Strikes 7 10 8 25<br />
<strong>Dr</strong>y holes 10 18 9 37<br />
Total number of test wells 17 28 17 62<br />
Do the three areas have the same potential, at the 10 per cent level of significance?<br />
20. While conducting an air traffic study, a record was made of the number of aircraft arrivals, at a certain<br />
airport, during 250 half hour time intervals. The following tables gives the observed number of periods in<br />
which there were 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or more arrivals as well as the expected number of such periods if arrivals per<br />
half hour have a Poisson distribution λ = 2. Does this Poisson distribution describe the observed<br />
arrivals at 5 per cent level of significance.<br />
Number of observed Number of periods Number of periods<br />
arrivals (per half hour) observed expected (Poisson, λ = 2)<br />
0 47 34<br />
1 56 68<br />
2 71 68<br />
3 44 45<br />
4 or more 32 35<br />
21. A marketing researcher interested in the business publication reading habits of purchasing agents has<br />
assembled the following data:<br />
Business Publication Preferences (First Choice Mentions)<br />
Business Publication Frequency of first choice<br />
A 35<br />
B 30<br />
C 45<br />
D 55<br />
(i) Test the null hypothesis ( α = 0.05) that there are no differences among frequencies of first choice of<br />
tested publications.<br />
(ii) If the choice of A and C and that of B and D are aggregated, test the null hypothesis at α = 0.05 that<br />
there are no differences.<br />
22. A group of 150 College students were asked to indicate their most liked film star from among six different<br />
well known film actors viz., A, B, C, D, E and F in order to ascertain their relative popularity. The observed<br />
frequency data were as follows:<br />
Actors A B C D E F Total<br />
Frequencies 24 20 32 25 28 21 150<br />
Test at 5 per cent whether all actors are equally popular.