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8 Chapter 1 Table 1.1: Summary of research contributions from this dissertation. CONTRIBUTION CHAPTER(S) Applying value sensitive design to adults with reading disabilities, assistive technologies, and technology adoption • Development and refinement of a value-stakeholder framework to describe factors influencing adoption of assistive technologies by adults with reading disabilities • Analyses of online discussions about reading disabilities, technology, and society 7 • Interviews with young adults with reading disabilities about their literacy practices, social interactions, disability impact, technology usage, and values • Value-based reviews of existing reading technologies 9 • Value-based recommendations for designing assistive reading technologies 10 • Proposal for socially-flexible reading tools that support users by promoting self-advocacy with the aid of meta-tools Insights about assistive technology design and adoption • Identification, analyses, and discussions about the lack of assistive technologies for adults with reading disabilities • Synthesis of the PATTC framework for understanding technology usage 4, 5 • Applying semiotic engineering to assistive technology design 11 Contributing to and expanding the value sensitive design methodology • Introduction of theme-value literature analysis as a tool for value identification in conceptual investigations • Expansion of the concept of indirect stakeholders to include individuals who affect the usage of technology by the direct stakeholders • Generalization of the value dams and flows methodology 6 technologies for RDs and their studied effectiveness are then discussed in Chapter 3. Concerns regarding what technologies are commercially available and the level of research interest in technology-driven fields like computer science are also discussed. Following that, Chapter 4 discusses technology adoption and related theories and models. The chapter also focuses on studies of assistive technology adoption and provides arguments for the lack of research on AT adoption for reading disabilities. The PATTC framework is also looked at in greater depth. The overarching research approach for the dissertation is presented in Chapter 5, and Value Sensitive Design is fully described. The different research activities presented in Chapters 6 through 11 are also introduced in relation to the VSD framework. An initial set of stakeholders and values are developed via a literature review in the conceptual investigation in Chapter 6. Analyses of the values and stakeholders reveal 6–8 8 11 3 6 6
Introduction 9 the complex dynamics shaping AT adoption among adults with reading disabilities. Issues hypothesized to be of critical importance are detailed. Chapters 7 and 8 describe empirical investigations for validating and refining the value and stakeholder analysis. Online discussions about reading disabilities and technologies from message boards and newsgroups are analyzed in Chapter 7. Case studies of adults with reading disabilities and the technologies in their lives are presented in Chapter 8. Technical investigations then begin with value-based evaluations of existing assistive technologies in Chapter 9 and continute with the formulation of new AT design recommendations in Chapter 10. Using these guidelines, a prototype AT is proposed and described in Chapter 11. In addition to a summary of the work and concluding remarks, Chapter 12 suggests several directions for future work. Additional studies to refine the value-stakeholder framework are discussed as well as implementation plans for the Calico system described in Chapter 11. Further applications of the work and findings are also commented upon, including related topics to which the findings and methodologies of this dissertation may apply.
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CHAPTER 4 [ASSISTIVE] TECHNOLOGY AD
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CHAPTER 5 METHODOLOGY DECISIONS It
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Methodology Decisions 89 Public awa
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Methodology Decisions 91 Internatio
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Methodology Decisions 93 Figure 5.1
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Methodology Decisions 97 al., 1999)
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CHAPTER 6 CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION:
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Conceptual Investigation: Identifyi
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CHAPTER 7 EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION:
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Empirical Investigation: Online Dis
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CHAPTER 8 EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION:
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CHAPTER 11 TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION:
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Conclusions and Future Work 231 del
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BIBLIOGRAPHY References marked with
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Bibliography 235 Burgstahler, S. E.
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Bibliography 237 ∗ Edwards, J. H.
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APPENDIX B LITERATURE SEARCH AND LA
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VITA For the first 10 years of her
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