c Copyright 2011 Katherine Nichole Deibel Understanding and ...
c Copyright 2011 Katherine Nichole Deibel Understanding and ... c Copyright 2011 Katherine Nichole Deibel Understanding and ...
2.7 Include Support for Fairness Arbitration and Usage Negotiations . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 2.8 Bring Expert Knowledge to the End User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 2.9 Mitigate Purchase and Usage Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 2.10 Design For All Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 3 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Chapter 11: Technical Investigation: Designing a Socially-Flexible Reading Widget . . . . . . . . . . 203 1 Challenges and Barriers to Deployment and Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 2 Addressing the Challenges: Two Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 2.1 Proposal 1: Massive Social Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 2.2 Proposal 2: Build a Better Reading Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 3 The Calico Reading System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 3.1 The Basic Document Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 3.2 Reading Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 3.3 Meta-Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 4.1 Promoting Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 4.2 Navigating Normalcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 4.3 Open Design Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 5 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Notes to Chapter 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Chapter 12: Conclusions and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 1 Summary of Findings and Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 1.1 Synthesis of Research Disciplines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 1.2 Reading Disabilities, Assistive Technology Adoption, and Value Sensitive Design . . . 225 1.3 General Insights about Assistive Technology Design and Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . 227 1.4 Refinement of Value Sensitive Design Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 2.1 Continuing the Theme-Value Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 2.2 Addressing Missing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 2.3 Conducting and Continuing Additional Empirical Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 2.4 Implementing and Evaluating Calico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 3 Concluding Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Appendix A: AT Recommendations from RD/LD Information Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 1 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 2 AT Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 vi
Appendix B: Literature Search and Labeling of ACM Digital Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 1 Search Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 2 Analyzing the Search Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 3 Labeled Search results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Appendix C: Enhanced Baker’s Basic Ergonomic Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 1 Accounting for Stigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 2 The Need for Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 3 Accounting for Necessity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 4 Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Appendix D: Value-Annotated Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 vii
- Page 1: c○ Copyright 2011 Katherine Nicho
- Page 5: University of Washington Graduate S
- Page 9: University of Washington Abstract U
- Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
- Page 15 and 16: 3.1 Overview of Studies . . . . . .
- Page 17: 2.1 Participant Recruitment . . . .
- Page 22 and 23: 11.2 The Information Clips reading
- Page 24 and 25: 11.2 Examples of Calico reading too
- Page 27 and 28: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation c
- Page 29: To the chemists Runge, Robiquet, Pe
- Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION But when the
- Page 35 and 36: Introduction 3 Still, the very natu
- Page 37 and 38: Introduction 5 Figure 1.1: The PATT
- Page 39 and 40: Introduction 7 Forming the central
- Page 41 and 42: Introduction 9 the complex dynamics
- Page 43: Introduction 11 However, switching
- Page 46 and 47: 14 Chapter 2 1.1 Defining Reading D
- Page 48 and 49: 16 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Venn diagr
- Page 50 and 51: 18 Chapter 2 The differing findings
- Page 52 and 53: 20 Chapter 2 Figure 2.3: The dual-r
- Page 54 and 55: 22 Chapter 2 Table 2.1: The 18 sens
- Page 56 and 57: 24 Chapter 2 Table 2.2: Summary of
- Page 58 and 59: 26 Chapter 2 to-right languages (e.
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2.7 Include Support for Fairness Arbitration <strong>and</strong> Usage Negotiations . . . . . . . . . . . . 200<br />
2.8 Bring Expert Knowledge to the End User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200<br />
2.9 Mitigate Purchase <strong>and</strong> Usage Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201<br />
2.10 Design For All Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201<br />
3 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201<br />
Chapter 11: Technical Investigation: Designing a Socially-Flexible Reading Widget . . . . . . . . . . 203<br />
1 Challenges <strong>and</strong> Barriers to Deployment <strong>and</strong> Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203<br />
2 Addressing the Challenges: Two Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204<br />
2.1 Proposal 1: Massive Social Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205<br />
2.2 Proposal 2: Build a Better Reading Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206<br />
3 The Calico Reading System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207<br />
3.1 The Basic Document Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207<br />
3.2 Reading Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209<br />
3.3 Meta-Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215<br />
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218<br />
4.1 Promoting Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218<br />
4.2 Navigating Normalcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219<br />
4.3 Open Design Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219<br />
5 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220<br />
Notes to Chapter 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222<br />
Chapter 12: Conclusions <strong>and</strong> Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223<br />
1 Summary of Findings <strong>and</strong> Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224<br />
1.1 Synthesis of Research Disciplines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224<br />
1.2 Reading Disabilities, Assistive Technology Adoption, <strong>and</strong> Value Sensitive Design . . . 225<br />
1.3 General Insights about Assistive Technology Design <strong>and</strong> Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . 227<br />
1.4 Refinement of Value Sensitive Design Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228<br />
2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228<br />
2.1 Continuing the Theme-Value Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228<br />
2.2 Addressing Missing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229<br />
2.3 Conducting <strong>and</strong> Continuing Additional Empirical Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . 229<br />
2.4 Implementing <strong>and</strong> Evaluating Calico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230<br />
3 Concluding Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231<br />
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233<br />
Appendix A: AT Recommendations from RD/LD Information Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253<br />
1 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253<br />
2 AT Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253<br />
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