c Copyright 2011 Katherine Nichole Deibel Understanding and ...

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1.5 Indirect Stakeholders (Both Affected and Affecters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2 Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 2.1 Theme-Value Literature Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 2.2 Mapping Between Themes and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3 Value Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3.1 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3.2 Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 3.3 Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 3.4 Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 3.5 Literacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 3.6 Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3.7 Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 3.8 Normalcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.9 Other Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 3.10 Seeing the Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 4.1 Explicitly Supported Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 4.2 Value Tensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 4.3 Value Dams and Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 4.4 Missing Stakeholders and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 5 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Notes to Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Chapter 7: Empirical Investigation: Online Discussions of Reading Disabilities and Technologies . . 133 1 Study Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 1.1 Message Boards and Online Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 1.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 1.3 Human Subjects Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 2 Three Conversations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 2.1 Discussion 1: A Call for Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 2.2 Discussion 2: College Writing Instructors Discuss Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 2.3 Discussion 3: Dyslexia, Macs, and a Controversial Documentary . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 4 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Notes to Chapter 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Chapter 8: Empirical Investigation: Life Stories of Adults with Reading Disabilities . . . . . . . . . 157 1 Cases Studies and Semi-Structured Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 2 Study Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 iv
2.1 Participant Recruitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 2.2 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 2.3 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 3 Participant Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 3.1 Biographical Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 4 Interview Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 4.1 Literacy Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 4.2 [Assistive] Technology Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 4.3 Value Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 6 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Notes to Chapter 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Chapter 9: Technical Investigation: Value Analyses of Existing Reading Technologies . . . . . . . . 179 1 The Value-Based Reviewing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 2 The Book and Printed Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 3 Assistive Reading Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 3.1 Overlays and Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 3.2 Text-To-Speech Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 3.3 Reading Pens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 3.4 Intel Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 4 Electronic Reading Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 4.1 Dedicated E-Book Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 4.2 Tablet Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 4.3 PDAs and Smartphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 4.4 Value Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 6 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Notes to Chapter 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Chapter 10: Technical Investigation: Design Recommendations and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 1 Designing for Users with Reading Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2 Value-Informed Design Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 2.1 Support the Reading Process and Reading Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 2.2 Support the Acquisition of Rich Digital Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 2.3 Provide Multiple Forms of Accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 2.4 Typography Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 2.5 Recognize and Control Disclosure Due to Technology Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 2.6 Support and Adapt to Multiple Usage Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 v
Page 1: c○ Copyright 2011 Katherine Nicho
Page 5: University of Washington Graduate S
Page 9: University of Washington Abstract U
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
Page 15: 3.1 Overview of Studies . . . . . .
Page 19: Appendix B: Literature Search and L
Page 22 and 23: 11.2 The Information Clips reading
Page 24 and 25: 11.2 Examples of Calico reading too
Page 27 and 28: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation c
Page 29: To the chemists Runge, Robiquet, Pe
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION But when the
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 3 Still, the very natu
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 5 Figure 1.1: The PATT
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 7 Forming the central
Page 41 and 42: Introduction 9 the complex dynamics
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Page 54 and 55: 22 Chapter 2 Table 2.1: The 18 sens
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Page 58 and 59: 26 Chapter 2 to-right languages (e.
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34 Chapter 2 Given these negative a
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36 Notes to Chapter 2 NOTES TO CHAP
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38 Notes to Chapter 2 contains many
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40 Chapter 3 one item: technology f
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42 Chapter 3 purposes, legislation
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44 Chapter 3 Pepper and Lovegrove (
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46 Chapter 3 the range of font size
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48 Chapter 3 uses speech recognitio
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50 Chapter 3 Table 3.2: List of tec
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52 Chapter 3 accommodations are sug
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54 Chapter 3 Table 3.5: Occurrence
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56 Chapter 3 major field like compu
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58 Chapter 3 problematic for techno
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60 Notes to Chapter 3 NOTES TO CHAP
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CHAPTER 4 [ASSISTIVE] TECHNOLOGY AD
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[Assistive] Technology Adoption 65
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CHAPTER 5 METHODOLOGY DECISIONS It
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Methodology Decisions 89 Public awa
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Methodology Decisions 91 Internatio
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Methodology Decisions 93 Figure 5.1
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Methodology Decisions 95 be used. T
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Methodology Decisions 97 al., 1999)
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CHAPTER 6 CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION:
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Conceptual Investigation: Identifyi
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CHAPTER 7 EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION:
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Empirical Investigation: Online Dis
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CHAPTER 8 EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION:
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Empirical Investigation: Life Stori
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Technical Investigation: Value Anal
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196 Chapter 10 to focus on website
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198 Chapter 10 two-fold. The first
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200 Chapter 10 with fellow classmat
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CHAPTER 11 TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION:
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Technical Investigation: Designing
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Conclusions and Future Work 225 wit
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Conclusions and Future Work 227 the
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Conclusions and Future Work 229 int
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Conclusions and Future Work 231 del
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BIBLIOGRAPHY References marked with
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Bibliography 235 Burgstahler, S. E.
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Bibliography 237 ∗ Edwards, J. H.
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Bibliography 239 Glasgow, Scotland,
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Bibliography 241 Retrieved October
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Bibliography 243 supporting group w
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Bibliography 245 S. R. Goldman (Eds
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Bibliography 247 J. A. Jacko & A. S
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Bibliography 249 Tsovili, T. D. (20
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Bibliography 251 Educational Resear
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254 Table A.1: Descriptions and spe
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APPENDIX B LITERATURE SEARCH AND LA
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Literature Search and Labeling of A
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276 Appendix C weight can capture t
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278 Appendix C time the task will t
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280 Appendix D This article is a st
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282 Appendix D Faculty Support Fair
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284 Appendix D Themes Values Assist
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286 Appendix D Formulated from year
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288 Appendix D Ladner, R. E. (2008)
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290 Appendix D Support Failure Acco
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292 Appendix D Quality of Life Empo
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294 Appendix D employment, and soci
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296 Appendix D Family Support Commu
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298 Appendix D Themes Values Assist
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VITA For the first 10 years of her
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