Geometric Data Analysis in a Social Science Research Program ...
Geometric Data Analysis in a Social Science Research Program ... Geometric Data Analysis in a Social Science Research Program ...
systematicallyaddressestherelationalaspectsofsocialreality(Bourdieu1966[4]).He morecompletelydevelopedhis\theoryofelds"inthebeginningofthe1970s(Bourdieu 10Asearlyasinthemiddleofthe1960s,Bourdieuformulatedtheconceptof\eld",which Booktitlegoeshere 1971[5]).Aeldisasmalllocusinsidetheglobalsocialspace,whichisdenedbyits degreeofrelativeautonomyfromothereldsandtheglobalsociety,itsstructure,related toaspeciccongurationofagents,anditsdynamics.Agentsinaeld,evenwithout aboutelds.Biographicaldatawerecollectedinvariousbiographicalsources(directories, globalprocessofsocialdominationbetweenclasses. specicresourcesandbyacorrespondingprocessofdomination,whichisdistinctfromthe anydirectinteraction,areputintoobjectiverelations,denedbythedistributionoftheir Who'swho,etc.),inacollectiveprocessdirectlyinspiredbygrowingscienticpracticesin socialhistory(\prosopography",comingfromancientandmedievalhistory). Thenoveltyoftheseanalysesrstliesinthetypeofdatawhichwereusedinresearch helpofMCA.Inthisarticle,theauthorsjustifythecentraluseofMCAasawaytodiscover BourdieuanddeSaint-Martinstudiedapopulationofeconomicelites(n=216)withthe andrevealahiddenrelationalrealitywhichisnotconscious,butnevertheless\morereal" thanthepartialandpracticalperceptionsoftheagent(GDAas\ruptureinstrument"in ThesecondoccurrenceofauseofGDAbyBourdieuisawell{knownarticlewhere properties(fromdemographiccharacteristicstoeducationaltrajectory)andsomeofthem deningthevariousspeciesofcapitalatstake.Themodalitiesweregroupedintodierent headings(groupsofquestions),withanimportantnumberofmodalitiesreferringtosocial forhishelpinafootnote.Activemodalitieswereselectedfromasetofbiographicaldata, Bachelard'stradition).TheyusetheprogramMULTMfromL.Lebart,whoisthanked tomorespecicassetsintheeconomiceld(positionsinboards,distinctions,etc.).In particular,wereconsidered: BottinMondain(adirectoryofsocialelites); Demographicproperties:placeanddateofbirth,numberofchildren,placeofresidence; Educationaltrajectory(i.e.\grandlyceeparisien"); Socialandfamilialorigin:professionofthefather,seniorityinclass,presenceinthe Professionalcareer:(i.e.\grandcorps"); Specicpositionsintheeld:economicpowerpositions,membershiptocouncils,etc.; Indicatorsofsymboliccapital:ocialdistinctions,decorations,etc.; ofthesocialstructureoftheeld(Figure1.2p.9).Theinterpretedspace(Figure1.3p.11) nomicelitemembers,helpingthereaderwho\knew"someagentstohaveadirectintuitionThecloudofindividualsintherstprincipalplanewaspublished,withthenamesofeco- Indicatorsofmembershiptomobilizedgroups(likeassociations). agerscomingfromEcolenationaled'administrationorPolytechnique.ThesecondAxis, againrelatedtotime,opposes\newcomers"and\established".Thisanalysisprovidesa viewofthestructureoftheeldofeconomicelitesasbeingdenedbytherelationtothe \private"positionsandtrajectories,theeldbeingthendominatedbytechnocraticman- istwo-dimensional(athirdaxisisrapidlyevoked).TherstAxisisopposing\public"to State(bureaucraticcapital)andbyaprocessofdynamiccompetitionbetweenfractions, moreoftentrainedinprivatebusinessschools,orcertainengineerschools.Anexplanatory perspectivewasalsopresentinthisanalysis,whichaimedatunderstandingthespaceof rstdenedbytheirseniorityintheeld.Thenew\generation"intheeldisforexample
GDAinaSocialScienceResearchProgram:TheCaseofBourdieu'sSociology 11 FIGURE1.3 ThespaceoftheFrenchCEOs.Cloudofmodalitiesinplane1-2,in\Lepatronat"(Bourdieu &deSaint-Martin1978[14]).
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GDA<strong>in</strong>a<strong>Social</strong><strong>Science</strong><strong>Research</strong><strong>Program</strong>:TheCaseofBourdieu'sSociology 11<br />
FIGURE1.3<br />
ThespaceoftheFrenchCEOs.Cloudofmodalities<strong>in</strong>plane1-2,<strong>in</strong>\Lepatronat"(Bourdieu<br />
&deSa<strong>in</strong>t-Mart<strong>in</strong>1978[14]).
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