You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
litr. Ct$li!ss,n, I belleve t$15 Eqrtndment<br />
thould be wted dowil ovcrrheLBlngly,<br />
There are a lot of p€ople who would<br />
lhe lo mrle thls a Prnltlve m€Esure.<br />
Eowevcr, Ee Ere trylng to make thls an<br />
efiectlve zreaflrre. I do not belleve the<br />
lht€nt of thl.b blU l3 to pun.l6h p€ople.<br />
ft b to sve llves aDd reduce lnjuleE.<br />
We h,Bve lnJunctlve procealure$ ln thls<br />
beesufe, <strong>and</strong> many other ptoccdures<br />
thet cen b€ brought to besr. Fot thet<br />
teNon I belleve the e,Eendment should<br />
be voted down.<br />
Mr. DINGE L. Mf. Ch4tman,I hove<br />
to Btrlke out ttre l+st word. <strong>and</strong> I d$4 ln<br />
opposltlon to tfte Earendment.<br />
Mr. chsllman, lt should b€ polntdd out<br />
very clearly flrst of aII thBt the functlon<br />
of thl$ emendErent ls to ffiw tlre eflett<br />
,<br />
of thls statute. It |s well knom to<br />
students of tJle law that crhilnal ststute$<br />
are very namwly mn8tnred. Thl$<br />
ls one of the ttssons thBt thc oommltttt<br />
ln lts wisdom dld not lru€rt crltrrlnEt<br />
IEnaltles.<br />
Ftrthemore, the gentlfltgn's e$endment<br />
worrld requlre th8t the vlolAtloh of<br />
"knowlngly<br />
thl-$ Etstuta be mmmltted<br />
<strong>and</strong> wllllrilly." Ttris lmpoffi an dmost<br />
lEposglble burden of prool on eny prc-<br />
€cutlon.<br />
Thls ls one of the Eo|8t dlfrcult things<br />
ln Jurlsprudence lo prtve. I would polnt<br />
out a.s s lomer &sslstmt pnosecutor lt I$<br />
olt+nttmes weU Dlsh lmposlble to prcve.<br />
l4t us look lurther at thls EEtter. we<br />
,<br />
rE told by the gmd EentlemBfl trom<br />
M8s$sEhu$etts, who ls qy dear frlentl,<br />
that thls leclslatlon lE not rtmng<br />
cnoush. A lmk Bt the blll, et, what the<br />
oommlttee<br />
proves tltls:<br />
he$ brousht to the floor, dls-<br />
Flrst of all, for any vloletlotE ol thls<br />
atatut€, or for markethg m unsafe vehlcle,<br />
or for f8llure to exerclse adequtt<br />
Et<strong>and</strong>Errb ol care in the manuJsrtue of<br />
verucle.s, t^he bj.ll prolddcs tor al] civll<br />
Fnaltles aEroDtlrg t'o $f ,000 p+r vehlcle<br />
or t1,000 per tlre, or 11,000 p€r pdrt ot E<br />
vehlcle whlch ls unsafe-up to a t'ottrl of<br />
i400,000, certelnly a most vlgorou8 penalty<br />
Blflost to the polnt ol belns conflscatory,<br />
<strong>Sec</strong>ond, we have prffierued evety dngle<br />
Gor|unoh-Iew reftedy that exlst-r eg8lnst<br />
a manutedturer lor tJre beneflt of B motor<br />
vehlcle puJch&Ber. This meens that eu<br />
of the wemnties <strong>and</strong> all of the other de-<br />
,<br />
vles of ffiImon law whlch are afiorded<br />
to the puch&ser, reDain ln the buyer,<br />
ahd they can br exercised ag&inst the<br />
hBnulsaturut.<br />
rqstly, we heve emressly authorlzed<br />
use in the murtt of the trtderal Govem-<br />
.<br />
Erent the full poweE of equlty to enlorce<br />
t}le btu at ttre request of ttle <strong>Sec</strong>retsry.<br />
Thlg means that where there ls elther<br />
productlon of or the threat ol proaluctlon<br />
of sn ffisfe motor vehlcle the <strong>Sec</strong>rtery<br />
tnay go to s murt of equltv End<br />
hey enjoln prcductlon ol the automobfle,<br />
or mBy B€ek such othef reliel es ls necessary<br />
to proiect the AuretlcaD D€ople<br />
lrom bBvlng an msfe motor vehlcle<br />
plsx€d updn the trlghmys.<br />
ThIs power coultl include cmJEatlve<br />
lhjuncttons, to requtre the manufBchlttr<br />
to t{,Ee oorrtrtlve actlon. rt 6uld lnclude<br />
prcblbltdry lnJuctloDa to prcvmt ur-<br />
House Debate<br />
lste rdotor vehlcler from sohl8 on tne<br />
roads. It could lnclude Judlclally levelcd<br />
penEltl€d for vloletloEa ol court or.<br />
ders, much IBrEer than the f{00,000 clvll<br />
p.n8lty Eutfiorlz€d h the blll It could<br />
lrElude crtfllnsl contempt sctlon, W<br />
shlch vtolatlon of a court order *ould<br />
ple,cr the vlolator ln Jsll lor s loDg<br />
as the oourt cho#. It muld lrulude clvll<br />
cont€mpt, whtch would man pltrln8<br />
the lndlvlduel under restrlctloro oi the<br />
court untll Euch tlhe Ls he had purged<br />
hlnuelf ol the cont€mpt <strong>and</strong> until he hf,d<br />
cdmplled<br />
@ut.<br />
B'lth the requlrements ol the<br />
In Eddltlon, lt would Efiord the 16dbtlty<br />
to the court And a.llow, wheit<br />
Eo nffie&t8ry, the levl'lns of clvll peneltle6<br />
by the courk up to $1,000 p€r vehlclc<br />
or pBrt up td $400,000. as were tr6oe8sary<br />
to Bsure the pfotectlon of ttr;<br />
A.merlcan p€ople en(l to punlsh t,lle<br />
manufsdture of mafe motor vehlclE<br />
ind pErt3.<br />
I would polnt out thst the Bvengc<br />
cdvU p€n8lty assert€d by the commltt€e<br />
ln lleu of a flne muld so up to I total<br />
of $400.000. I would point out ttlat the<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ard of prool whlch must be bome<br />
uder the comElttre blll ls much dlflerent<br />
End much better, lf you ere lnt€rested<br />
tn er)forcemeht, btraus€ s clvll<br />
Fdnslty ls leveled by the courts urcn 6<br />
flndlng Bupport€d by only a falr prepondemce<br />
ol the evidence. It teke6 much<br />
le6$ to E|Jstaln t}te cese of the Govern-<br />
Eent. In a crlmlnEl proscuflon the<br />
Fedenl Government mu.3t o19vg $gyond<br />
s ressonable doubt. a much besvler burden<br />
of proof.<br />
Ttre chtrlrman oI the cornnltte<br />
polnted out somethlng that should not<br />
lt€ lost upon tlrls Houae. who ls Fohg<br />
to b€ charged vtth a crlmlnal !'tol&tlo4<br />
under thls Etatute lI lt ls smended the<br />
way the gentlehan from Massachu.s€tt3<br />
would have lt emcnded? Is lt golna to<br />
De the presldent ol the corporatlon ? AE<br />
we rolnlr to be able to sy thet he wlll-<br />
Iully <strong>and</strong> knowhrly dlal tlris? The anwer<br />
Ls mLst probsbly not. 16 lt go|rrB<br />
to b€ leveled E{ainst f,ny pttductlon oEclEl<br />
or engineer of the compeny? It Ls sohs<br />
to b€ leveled EgBlnst e Droductlon llne<br />
e&ployee of the mnpmy? Indefil, lt<br />
could b€, under the lenFuese of the Eentleman<br />
from Ma$sEchusttts, leveled<br />
E8lalnst eny percon qtho hBpp€tr to be<br />
ln the employ ol the mmpany, from the<br />
hlehe$ ofnclal to the lowest pfld Janltorial<br />
or custndial employee, lncluding<br />
$weelxE a$ *eU as those vho work upon<br />
the m*mbly llnes.<br />
It ls well known ttrEt the stEndErd ol<br />
proot reqlrired*that Ls. thEt B person<br />
knowlngly nnd wlllfu1ly vlolBted the<br />
Iaw-would lmlEse such B burden on tJre<br />
Federfll qovernment tjlat lt lE hlghly<br />
rloubtfu-l tJrEt Eny pros€cution oI thlE<br />
klnd would evsr b€ sucmsfully errled<br />
ouf,.<br />
Mr. MoSS. Mr. chalman, I rlse In<br />
support of the emendmeht.<br />
Mf. STAC'GERS. Mr. chelrmm, vlll<br />
ttle Eentletrlen ylelal?<br />
Mr. MQSS. I Toultl be very Plssetl<br />
to yleld to my dlEtlnculshed chalrftEE-<br />
Mr. ATAOGERS. I wonder ll Ec<br />
could !8t 8 tlme ltdlt on tblr tlEbstG. I<br />
769