29.9% of Georgian oak is distributed over an area of 19,08 ha and accounts for 24.5% of the forest resource with 2,381,310 m3 . In the southern part of the country the data for the species are as follows: oriental beech – 12.2% of the forest with an area of 11,611 ha and a volume representing 11.5% of the total and amounting to 2,366,404 m3 while Georgian oak accounts for 62.8% of the area or 40,033 ha and representing 63.3% of the volume which is equivalent to 510,513 m3 . Experience shows that in Armenia oriental beech prefer to grow on the northern parts of the country while Georgian oak grows better in the southern part of the country. The above data show the differences between oriental beech and Georgian oak forests, due to ecological needs, altitu<strong>de</strong> and humidity preferences. In the northern areas of the country where oriental beech prefer to grow, the mountains are higher than in the southern parts of the country, where mountains are much lower and where Georgian oak prefers to grow. Table 2: The change of resource in<strong>de</strong>xes of oriental beech and Georgian oak according to sea level height and scope diclivity level The dominating tree species Oriental beech Georgian oak 30 The level of scope <strong>de</strong>clivity Up to 800 meters 800-1,200 1,200- 1,600 The sea level height [m] 1,600- 1,800 1,800- 2,000 2,000 and higher Total 1 ha average resource (m) Up to 10 1,200 47,190 76,050 10,900 1,560 136,900 139.0 11-20 1,710 339,500 1,455,740 433,650 62,800 3,600 2,297,000 183.0 21-30 10,790 1,499,800 7,454,970 2,990,000 1,205,000 35,420 12,111,480 215.4 31-40 12,100 827,500 1,560,470 1,277,000 328,800 20,950 5,111,320 233.0 41 and higher 2,920 165,490 511,060 158,610 29,370 <strong>52</strong>0 867,970 217.8 Total 1 ha, 28,720 2,879,480 11,058,290 4,870,060 1,627,530 60,490 20,<strong>52</strong>4,670 216.4 average resource (m3 ) 185.0 212.1 220.6 217.1 197.5 166.1 216.4 Up to 10 2,270 27,900 40,690 12,680 1,450 91,290 107.7 11-20 4,440 186,500 395,290 236,500 13,800 910 1,223,470 127.3 21-30 20,740 802,960 2,635,120 1,075,<strong>52</strong>0 5<strong>52</strong>,620 48,000 4,642,430 128.4 31-40 9,490 428,000 769,860 400,500 148,000 10,810 1,866,340 123.5 41 and higher 2,250 70,280 136,890 31,380 2,630 243,430 117.5 Total 1 ha, 39,190 1,515,640 3,977,850 1,756,580 718,500 59,720 8,066,960 126.5 average resource (m3 ) 80.2 114.3 135.2 128.3 118.7 69.0 126.5
The Georgian oak forests prefer the south-western and south-eastern si<strong>de</strong>s, where they account for 16, 80 ha (26.3%) and 1 ,451 ha (2 .4%), and together with the northern areas amount to 19,08 ha (29.9%) (Tab. 1). As mentioned above, forest ecosystems have been extensively changed over the last ten years. The reason of this is the change in the main forest distribution areas and distribution of forest species. Another reason for these changes is the structure and the habitat of these species. Table 3: Dynamic changes of areas covered with forests and resources according to forest forming species Main treespecies Oriental beech Georgian oak Hornbeam Pine-tree Oriental hornbeam Other species Total forest covered area The year of forest establishment Total 1 ha average resource [m 3 ] Square [ha] Resource [m 3 ] 1966 90,236.1 14,6<strong>52</strong>,090 162.4 1978 92,784.0 16,763,000 180.7 1988 93,596.0 21,611,300 230.9 2006 94,858.0 20,<strong>52</strong>4,670 216.4 1966 47,064.7 4,830,400 102.6 1978 <strong>52</strong>,040.5 5,791,120 11.3 1988 54,002.0 7,267,750 134.6 2006 63,774.9 8,066,960 126.7 1966 27,068.4 2,876,200 106.3 1978 26,275.4 3,140,380 119.5 1988 26,783.0 3,826,730 142.9 2006 31,507.9 3,979,370 126.3 1966 1,621.4 181,330 111.8 1978 4,431.0 276,000 62.3 1988 6,<strong>52</strong>9.9 456,000 69.8 2006 7,139.3 590,895 82.8 1966 6,686.4 319,020 47.7 1978 6,127.0 325,500 53.1 1988 6,132.0 385,900 62.9 2006 13,304.3 534,890 40.2 1966 8,047.4 593,260 73.7 1978 10,069.1 838,070 82.5 1988 11,053.1 1,060,720 95.7 2006 10,969.6 874,035 79.6 1966 180,724.4 23,4<strong>52</strong>,300 129.8 1978 191,822.0 27,134,080 141.4 1988 198,096.0 34,608,400 174.7 2006 221,554.0 34,570,820 156.0 31
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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other forest species or grassland.
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Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
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Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
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elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
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defoliation, and in severe cases, s
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Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
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sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
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decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
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Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
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elevation where beech occurs is ext
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maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
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In the field of forest genetic rese
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Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
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A very peculiarly feature of this b
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absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
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Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
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de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
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a long enough period for regenerati
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Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
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Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
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coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
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eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
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Dumitreşti, Dobra, Voineşti, Bâr
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centre of Poland. The highest value
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Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
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*** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
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and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
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(Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
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eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
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Because of its high share in the tr
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purposes is allowed to be procured
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absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
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the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
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euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
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eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
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Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
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Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
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1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
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sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201