COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

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Conservation of oriental beech genetic resources is done mainly by setting up seed stands and gene conservation forests through in situ programs. Seeds collected from these areas can be used for reforestation according to the seed transfer zones. In reforestation programs, although oriental beech is used, the minimum requirement is that the origin of the reproductive material is known and its adaptive characters appropriate for the ecological conditions at the regeneration site. For this purpose, the guidelines for oriental beech seed transfer zones (Atalay 1992) based on climate, soil and bedrock characteristics have been used until a more ecologically and genetically sound seed transfer set of guidelines is prepared. The establishment of ex situ conservation plantations of oriental beech may be necessary in order to conserve the genetic variation of threatened populations that cannot be maintained at the original site such as relic populations. The objective will be to establish a new population that maintains as much as possible of the original genetic variability and allows for long-term adaptation to the local conditions at the new planting site. ForesT research Research on oriental beech in Turkey is generally concentrated on regeneration and afforestation studies. There is only limited research on the genetics of oriental beech. Because of the requirement of genetic diversity of oriental beech forests a couple of projects has started, supported by the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Forestry and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. One of these projects contains 33 populations with representatives from all seed transfer Fig. 2: Breeding zones of oriental beech in Turkey 262
zones and marginal populations and this will provide genetic reference data for effective gene conservation activities concerning oriental beech in the future. There are also research projects on provenance, seedling quality and other characteristics. Other studies include adaptive traits and information on height growth characteristics of various subpopulations under various site conditions. These research plots are of a long-term character, and will continue to provide results with increasing age. In addition, in the Forestry Faculties of Universities the main purpose of a number of ongoing projects is to study the genetic background, seeds germination-dormancy properties, adaptive properties of seedlings and is mainly directed to the protection and reproduction of oriental beech gene resources. These studies will contribute to creating conditions for preserving and increasing proportion of this species in the forest stands. reFereNces Anonymous. 2006. Orman Varlığımız. [Forest resources.] Ankara, OGM yayını. [Journal of General Directorate of Forest.] Anşin R., Özkan Z. C. 199 . Tohumlu bitkiler. Odunsu taksonlar. [Seed plants. Woody taxa.] KTÜ Or. Fak. Yayın no. 19 Trabzon. [Journal of Black Sea Technical University, 19.] Atalay İ. 1992. Kayın ormanlarının ekolojisi ve tohum transfer yönünden bölgelere ayrılması. [Forest Tree Seeds and Tree Breeding Research Directorate. Journal no. 5 p 209.] OATIAM Yayın no. 5, Ankara: 209 p. Aydinözü D. 2008. Avrupa kayını (Fagus sylvatica)’nın yıldız (Istranca) dağlarındaki yayılış alamları. [Distribution of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Istranca mountains. Journals of Istanbul University.] İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü, Coğrafya Dergisi, Sayı 1 . İstanbul: 46-56. [Istanbul University, Faculty of Art, Department of Geography, Journal of Geography, 1 : 46-56.] Çalikoğlu M., Kavgaci A. 2001. Biyolojik çeşitliliğin sürekliliği ve arttırılması açısından baltalıkların koruya dönüştürülmesi. [Conversion of coppice to high forests, in terms of continuity and increase of biological diversity.] İO Fak Der. Seri B, Cilt 51, vol. 1: 111-121. [Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, Serial B, 51/1: 111-112.] Davis P. H. 1982. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Island. Edinburgh Uni. Press. Volume VII. Huss J., Kahveci O. 2009. Türkiye’de Doğaya Yakın Yapraklı Orman İşletmeciliği. [Management of deciduous forests in Turkey.] Freiburg-Ankara, Ogem-Vak. Kandemir G., Kaya Z. 2009. EUFORGEN Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis). Rome, Italy, Bioversity International: 6 p. Koski V., Antola J. 1993. Türkiye Milli Ağaç Islahı ve Tohum Üretimi Programı. [National Tree Breeding and Seed Production Programme for Turkey. October 1993. Turkish-Finish Forestry Project.] Ankara. 263
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
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Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
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eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
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Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
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- Matured and over-aged groups acco
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Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
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curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
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• Elaborating and implementation
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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other forest species or grassland.
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Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
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the earnings for the forest owner f
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Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
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have had human assistance in this c
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elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
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Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
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with the intention that stands woul
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Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
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Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
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Recently the four British Regions o
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defoliation, and in severe cases, s
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Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G.
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curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources
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Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
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Regions of provenances: The whole c
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sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
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decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
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Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
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elevation where beech occurs is ext
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Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
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eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
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maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
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In the field of forest genetic rese
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Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
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A recent inventory of all forest la
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Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
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In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
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Provenance studies revealed differe
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GeNeTIc resources aNd reProducTIve
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A very peculiarly feature of this b
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absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
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Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
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de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
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Fig. 1: Natural distribution of Eur
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a long enough period for regenerati
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Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
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Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
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Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
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coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
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eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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Dumitreşti, Dobra, Voineşti, Bâr
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centre of Poland. The highest value
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Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
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*** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
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Page 219 and 220: eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Page 235 and 236: Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
Page 237 and 238: Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
Page 239 and 240: 1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
Page 241 and 242: sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
Page 243 and 244: Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
Page 245 and 246: GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
Page 247 and 248: Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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Page 251 and 252: ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
Page 253 and 254: Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
Page 255 and 256: eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
Page 257 and 258: e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
Page 259 and 260: egions reach down to the Murat Moun
Page 261 and 262: characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
Page 263: Wide distribution of oriental beech
Page 267 and 268: euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 269 and 270: On the eastern limit, beech occurs
Page 271 and 272: of felling area only, whereas the r
Page 273 and 274: sylvatica L. на північно-
Page 275 and 276: Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
Page 277: dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
Page 280: 334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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