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stands were of good quality. The genetic analyses were performed using isoenzyme electrophoresis<br />
and DNA-RAPD methods. The importance of very high intra-population diversity was shown, as<br />
well as high variation of investigated populations. Genetic diversity and differentiation of European<br />
beech populations and their progeny are correlated with the level of mineral ions important for<br />
growth and functions of plants. European beech provenances originating from fertile habitats with<br />
higher soil pH were characterized also by higher differentiation value of genetic parameters, as e. g.<br />
Miechów provenance pH of the soil 5.51 (0 – 20 cm layer) up to .05 (20 – 40 cm layer) – measured<br />
in H 2 O. For the mother stand of provenance Miechów (South Poland) average number of 2.3 alleles<br />
per locus (isoenzyme markers) was estimated, while percentage of polymorphic loci was .8% and<br />
for progeny 2.6 and 88.9%, respectively. The lowest average number of alleles per locus (1.9) was<br />
found for Zwierzyniec mother stand (south-east Poland natural range bor<strong>de</strong>r), characterized by<br />
percentage of polymorphic 66. % and for the progeny stand 2.3 and 66. %, respectively. The mother<br />
stand of Kartuzy population (north Poland) was also characterized by low value of analyzed genetic<br />
parameters: average number of alleles per locus 1.9, with percentage of polymorphism 66. %, but<br />
for progeny stands the values were higher at 2.4 and 88.9%, respectively. The Kartuzy population<br />
was characterized by the lowest pH of the soil value – 4.35 (0 – 20 cm layer) up to 4.<strong>52</strong> (20 – 40 cm<br />
layer) – measured in H 2 O. On the basis of DNA-RAPD markers a slight <strong>de</strong>crease of average number<br />
of alleles per locus and level of differentiation towards the north of Poland was observed, but this<br />
trend was not so clear. The results pointed at the ecotype character of genetic variation of European<br />
beech related probably with site differentiation. So, use of local European beech ecotypes, taking into<br />
account its plasticity seems to be the best advice to obtain success in forest management.<br />
reFereNces<br />
Barzdajn W. 2002. Proweniencyjna zmienność buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.) w Polsce<br />
w świetle wyników doświadczenia proweniencyjnego serii 1992/1995. [Provenanace variability<br />
of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) related to results of the provenance trial of 1992/1995<br />
series.] Sylwan, 146/2: 5-33.<br />
Boratyńska K., Boratyński A. 1990. Systematyka i geograficzne rozmieszczenie. [Systematic and<br />
geographic distribution.] In: Białobok S. (ed.): Buk zwyczajny Fagus sylvatica. [European beech<br />
Fagus sylvatica] Warszawa – Poznań, PWN: 2 - 3.<br />
Brzeziecki B. 1995. Skale nominalne wymagań klimatycznych gatunków leśnych. [Nominal climatic<br />
requirements forest species range.] Sylwan, 139/3: 53-65.<br />
Dzwonko Z. 1990. Ekologia. [Ecology.] In: Białobok S. (ed.): Buk zwyczajny Fagus sylvatica.<br />
[European beech Fagus sylvatica.] Warszawa –Poznań, PWN: 23 -328.<br />
Fon<strong>de</strong>r W. 2005. Realizacja „Programu zachowania leśnych zasobów genowych i hodowli selekcyjnej<br />
drzew leśnych w Polsce” w latach 1991 – 2005. [Program of forest gene resources conservation<br />
and forest tree improvement in Poland in period 1991 – 2010. Program`s achievements till 2010.]<br />
In: Międzynarodowa konferencja – naukowo techniczna – Ochrona leśnych zasobów genowych<br />
i hodowla selekcyjna drzew leśnych w Polsce – stan i perspektywy. Malinówka, czerwiec 2005, p.<br />
16-3 .<br />
Giertych M. 1990. Genetyka [Genetics.] In: Białobok S. (ed.): Buk zwyczajny Fagus sylvatica.<br />
[European beech Fagus sylvatica.] Warszawa – Poznań, PWN: 193-23 .<br />
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