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Tab. 1: Beech seed stands in Italy Name of stands (region) Lat. Long. Alt. (m) Molveno (Trentino-Alto Adige) 46° 10’ 10° 57’ 1,350 Millifret, Cansiglio (Veneto) 46° 03’ 12° 22’ 1,130 – 1,500 Airole, Tencione (Liguria) 44° 14’ 8° 07’ 1,100 – 1,200 Pian degli Ontani, Abetone (Toscana) 44° 05’ 10° 40’ 1,200 – 1,400 Marsigliana, Monte Amiata (Toscana) 42° 53’ 11° 36’ 1,000 – 1,400 Cappadocia, Campo Ceraso - Coste Calde (Abruzzo) 42° 05’ 13° 17’ 1,300 – 1,400 Cinquemiglia, Piano d‘Albero, Serra Nicolino (Calabria) 39° 23’ 16° 06’ 950 – 1,200 Val Loana, Finero, Malesco (Lombardia) 46° 06’ 8° 32’ 1,350 Vanezzo della Soda, Val di Sella (Trento) 46° 02’ 11° 24’ 900 – 1,000 Vallesessera, Mosso S. Maria (Piemonte) 45° 39’ 8° 8’ 900 Belfè, Ala di Stura (Piemonte) 45° 18’ 7° 18’ 1,300 Consolata, Ceres, Mezzenile (Piemonte) 45° 18’ 7° 23’ 975 Richiaglio e Viù (Piemonte) 45° 12’ 7° 23’ 1,100 Cugn, Pradleves (Piemonte) 44° 25’ 7° 16’ 1,100 Colle Missignana, Villa Collemandina (Toscana) 44° 21’ 10° 42’ 1,200 Colle Melogno – Calizzano (Liguria) 44° 14’ 8° 12’ 1,100 – 1,200 Madonna d‘Ardua, Chiusa di Pesio (Piemonte) 44° 13’ 7° 39’ 1,200 Terme di Valdieri, Valdieri (Piemonte) 44° 12’ 7° 16’ 1,750 Palanfré, Vernante (Piemonte) 44° 11’ 7° 30’ 1,400 La Verna, Chiusi della Verna (Toscana) 43° 71’ 11° 93’ 1,190 Val Fondillo (Abruzzo) 41° 50’ 13° 52’ 1,200 –1,400 Piano Battaglia, Petralia Sottana (Sicilia) 37° 52’ 14° 01’ 1,600 – 1,700 Mt. Soro, Lago Biviere (Sicilia) 37° 56’ 14° 41’ 1,600 – 1,700 Linguaglossa (Sicilia) 37° 47’ 15° 02’ 1,900 – 2,000 the inner bark and cambium with tarry spots on the bark surface and bleeding cankers (Jung et al. 2005). Other fungi, generally associated with humid and shaded environments, may also cause problems on branches and leaves of beech trees in the juvenile stage (ex. Nectria ditissima Tul. & C. Tul., and Apiognomonia errabunda /Roberge ex Desm./Höhn.) (Luchi et al. 200 ). myThoLoGy In Italy many single trees or stands are recognized as folk symbols. For example in the Vallombrosa Forest there is an old beech tree which is known locally as the Holy beech of Saint John Gualbert (Patron of Foresters), founder of the Vallombrosan monastic order in the XIth century. According to the legend, the Saint, John Gualbert escaped from Florence one winter night and when he arrived in Vallombrosa he fell asleep under the beech tree. To protect the sleeping saint, the beech tree sprouted leaves and bent its branches. The Holy beech which is today growing in the Vallombrosa Forest probably dates from the XVIIIth century, and is thought to be a sprout of the original beech tree. 1 6
A very peculiarly feature of this beech tree is that every year it opens up its leaves (flushes) a few days before the other beech trees in the forest. reFereNces Bagnaresi U., Giannini R. 1999. La selvicoltura delle faggete: sintesi dello stato dell’arte. [The silviculture of beech forests: synthesis of state of art.] In: Scarascia-Mugnozza G. (ed.): Ecologia strutturale e funziomale di faggete italiane. [Structural and functional ecology of Italian beech forests.] Bologna, Edagricole, p. 18 -199. Bagni N., Falusi M., Gellini R., Torrigiani P. 1980. La dormienza delle gemme di alcune provenienze difaggio: aspetti morfologici e funzionali. [Bud dormancy of some Italian beech provenances: morphological and functional aspects.] Giornale Botanico Italiano, 114: 122-123. Belletti P., Lanteri S. 1996. Allozyme variation among European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in Piedemont, North-Western Italy. Silvae Genetica, 45: 333 . Borghetti M., Giannini R. 1982. Indagini preliminari sulla variazione di alcuni caratteri in piantine di faggio di provenienza diversa. [Preliminary results on variation of some traits of European beech seedlings from different provenances.] Ann. Accad. It. Sci. For., XXXI: 119-134. Borghetti M., Leonardi S., Raschi A., Snyderman D., Tognetti R. 1993. Ecotypic variation of xylem embolism, phenological traits, growth parameters and allozyme characteristic in Fagus sylvatica L. Functional Ecology, : 13- 20. Buiteveld J., Vendramin G. G., Leonardi S., Kamer K., Geburek T. 200 . Genetic diversity and differentiation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands varying in management history. Forest Ecology and Management, 24 : 98-106. Capretti P., Menguzzato G., Maresi G., Luchi N., Moriondo F. 2003. Fenomeni di deperimento e di moria in popolamenti artificiali misti di latifoglie e conifere. [Wasting a way symptoms and mortality in broadleaves and conifer artificial stand.] Ann. Accad. It. Sci. For., LII: 3-30. Ciancio O., Iovino F., Menguzzato G., Nicolaci A. 2008. Struttura e trattamento in alcune faggete dell’Appennino meridionale. [Structure and sylvicultural systems applied at some beech forest located on the Southern Appennines.] L’Italia forestale e montana, 63: 465-481. Emiliani G., Paffetti D., Giannini R. 2009. Identification and molecular characterization of LTR and LINE retrotransposable elements in Fagus sylvatica L. Forest, Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2: 119-126 [on line)]. Emiliani G., Paffetti D., Vettori C., Giannini R. 2004. Geographic distribution of genetic variability of Fagus sylvatica L. in Southern Italian populations. Forest Genetics, 11: 231-23 . Giannini R., Piussi, P. 19 6. La conversion des taillis en futaie: l’expérience italienne. In: Proceedings of XVI IUFRO World Congress. Oslo, Norway, p. 388-396. IFNC. 2005. Inventario Nazionale delle Foreste e dei serbatoi forestali di Carbonio. [National Inventory of Forests and the C Forest Sinks.] Corpo Forestale dello Stato. Roma, MIPAAF. Jung et al.: 2005. Involvement of Phytophthora species in the decline of European beech in Europe and the USA. Mycologist, 19: 159-166. Leonardi M., Menozzi P. 1995. Genetic variability of Fagus sylvatica L. in Italy: the role of postglacial recolonization. Heredity, 5: 35-44. 1
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
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Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
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eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
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Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
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- Matured and over-aged groups acco
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Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
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curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
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• Elaborating and implementation
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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other forest species or grassland.
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Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
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the earnings for the forest owner f
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Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
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have had human assistance in this c
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Page 131 and 132: with the intention that stands woul
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Page 163 and 164: In the field of forest genetic rese
Page 165 and 166: Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
Page 167 and 168: A recent inventory of all forest la
Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
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Page 175 and 176: Provenance studies revealed differe
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Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
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Page 201 and 202: eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
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Page 213 and 214: and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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Page 219 and 220: eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Page 223 and 224: Because of its high share in the tr
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the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
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euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
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eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
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Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
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Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
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1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
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sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
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e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
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egions reach down to the Murat Moun
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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zones and marginal populations and
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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On the eastern limit, beech occurs
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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