A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual Carriageway, Dumfries & Galloway ...

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A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual Carriageway, 

Dumfries & Galloway 

Archaeological Evaluation 

Data Structure Report No. 1659

CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD 

The Old Engine House 

Eskmills Business Park 

Musselburgh 

East Lothian 

EH21 7PQ 

Tel: 0131 273 4380 

Fax: 0131 273 4381 

email: info@cfa-archaeology.co.uk 

web: www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk 

Author Ian Suddaby MA FSA Scot MIfA 

Illustrator Leanne Whitelaw BSc MAAIS 

Editor Melanie Johnson MA PhD FSA Scot MIfA 

Commissioned by Historic Scotland on behalf of Transport Scotland 

Date issued September 2009 

Version 0 

OASIS Reference cfaarcha1-64182 

Planning Application No - 

Grid Ref NX 252 592 to NX 274 602 

This document has been prepared in accordance with CFA Archaeology Ltd 

standard operating procedures. 


Dumfries & Galloway 

Archaeological Evaluation 

Data Structure Report No. 1659

CONTENTS 

1. Introduction 3 

2. Working Methods 4 

3. Field-by-Field Summary of Trenching Results 5 

4. Conclusions and Discussion 10 

5. Bibliography 12 

Appendices 

1. Summary of Evaluation Trenches 13 

2. Context Register 15 

3. Photograph Register 16 

4. Drawings Register 23 

5. Samples Register 23 

Illustrations (bound at rear) 

Figs. 1-3 Road layout drawings showing trial trench and feature locations, access 

points and constraints 

Fig. 4 View of the burnt mound location from the south on Dirlaughlin Hill 

Fig. 5 Trench 45 after overnight rain 

Fig. 6 Trench 45, Plan of the burnt mound (4501-2) 

Fig. 7 Trench 45, North to South section showing the burnt mound and peat 

profile to the south 

Fig. 8 Burnt stone lens (4503) mid-way up peat section to south of burnt mound 

Fig. 9 Test trench into the burnt mound showing the stones (4501) in section 

Fig. 10 Trench 10 in Field 7 looking east 

Fig. 11 Surface field clearance stones (1401) in Trench 14 prior to excavation 

Fig. 12 Looking West over backfilled trenches in Field 8 with the boggy Field 7 

in the distance 

Fig. 13 Ditch (3801) in section from the north 

A75B/0/1659 2 CFA

1. INTRODUCTION 

1.1 This report provides the results of an archaeological evaluation within the 

corridor of the forthcoming A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual Carriageway, 

Dumfries & Galloway (Figs. 1-3, NGR NX 252 592 to NX 274 602). It has 

been produced by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) for Historic Scotland on 

behalf of Transport Scotland. 

1.2 The parts of the road corridor included in the evaluation are shown in yellow 

and consist of areas of improved pasture on drumlins and areas of peat bog 

within the inter-drumlin basins. These range in height from 85m to 100m OD. 

1.3 The area’s archaeological potential and the detailed assessment leading up to 

the evaluation are detailed in the Project Design (Johnson & Cressey 2009) 

and these details are not repeated here. 

1.4 The maps used to compile this document are: 

� Archaeological Investigation Locations 716500/ARCH/050-053 

� Ground Investigation Locations, Service Information and Proposed 

Alignment 716500/P/I/300-302 

� Proposed Additional Ground Investigation Exploratory Hole Locations 

716528/AW/GI/001 


2. WORKING METHODS 

2.1 CFA Archaeology Ltd follows the Institute for Archaeologists’ Code of 

Conduct, Standards and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs (IfA 

2008a, 2008b, 2008c). 

2.2 The methodology in terms of trench setting out, overburden removal, 

evaluation, recording and sampling followed that in the Project Design 

(Johnson & Cressey 2009, Section 4). All work took place within the 

Compulsory Purchase Order (CPO) corridor. Where the location of utility 

services differed from that show on the road layout drawings, the actual route 

of these services was recorded by MobileMapper DGPS. 

2.3 Field numbers correspond with those outlined in the Project Design. 

2.4 Regular contact was maintained with the contractors carrying out further SI 

works concurrently with the evaluation. Site visits were undertaken by Tony 

Topping of Dumfries & Galloway Council. 


3. FIELD-BY-FIELD SUMMARY OF TRENCHING RESULTS 

3.1 General 

3.1.1 Table 1 illustrates the coverage, both actual and anticipated, that was achieved 

in each of the fields. The trenches are individually summarised in Appendix 1. 

Field Trenches Trenching coverage 

Actual [Anticipated] (m²) 

1 45, 46 110 [110] 

2 2A-2D 286 [250] 

3 None None 

4 4A-4P 1131 [1100] 

5 None None 

6 1 68 [110] 

7 2-13 670 [500] 

8 14-34 1214 [1400] 

9 9A-9O 770 [750] 

10 35-44 702 [700] 

Total 4951 [4920] 

Table 1: Evaluation Coverage per Field 

3.1.2 Surface deposits were varied, with 0.2m-0.4m of brown silty topsoil being 

present on the drumlins and peat with a depth of up to 2m was recorded in the 

trenches excavated in the inter-drumlin basins. The natural subsoil consisted in 

general of a stony, silty till. Very occasional sherds of 19 th and 20 th century 

pottery were observed within the topsoil and these were confined to trenches 

adjacent to the railway line. 

3.1.3 Land drains were identified solely in Field 4. 

3.1.4 In the following text, numbers in bold and parentheses refer to contexts (the 

standard unit of record in archaeological practice), a list of which is contained 

in Appendix 2. A summary of the trenching results is provided in Appendix 1. 

Other site records, consisting of the photograph, drawing and sample registers 

form Appendices 3-5. 

3.1.5 Two teams of archaeologists were working on site and there are therefore two 

trench numbering systems to reflect this. Team 1 evaluated Fields 1, 6, 7, 8 

and 10 and trench numbers run numerically from 1-46. Team 2 evaluated 

Fields 2, 4 and 9 and trench numbers in those fields are alphanumeric, 

prefixed with the field number and suffixed with a letter. These are listed in 

Appendix 1, showing the concordance between trench numbers and field 

numbers. 

3.2 Field 1 (Fig. 1) 

3.2.1 This field contained dense trees in the western end, and the eastern end lies 

under a former alignment of the A75. The only accessible part of the field for 

trial trenching lay to either side of an overhead power line, where very wet 

conditions were encountered, with up to 0.1m of surface water being present. 

The reasons for this waterlogging are illustrated in Fig. 4, which shows the 


evaluation area from Dirlaughlin Hill to the south. Water drains from a 

shallow valley to the north of the A75 and to the east of Knockishee Farm, 

under the A75 and then pools below the overhead power lines due to an open 

ditched drain to the south having become blocked by peat. Flooding of Trench 

45 occurred overnight during heavy rain (Fig. 5). 

3.2.2 Two trenches (Trenches 45-6, Fig. 1) were excavated. Trench 46, in relatively 

dry ground to the west of the overhead power cables but accessible only over 

bog mats, revealed no archaeological remains. 

3.2.3 Trench 45, to the east of the overhead power cables revealed two plastic water 

pipes (4504, 4506) in the western end and a deposit of possible burnt mound 

material (4501-2) to the east. The trench was then extended (Fig. 6) to the east, 

up to an overgrown hedge alongside a former alignment of the A75. 

Telecommunications cables lie within this area. Two machine trenches were 

excavated to the south up to the boundary of the CPO area. Three hand 

excavated test-pits (TP1-3) were excavated to the north. 

3.2.4 The saturated topsoil (001) had a depth of 0.2m-0.3m. Below a similar depth 

of drier topsoil in the eastern end of the trench, the exposed burnt mound 

material (4501-2, Fig. 6) measured 15m east to west and 7.5m north to south. 

Two deposits were evident in plan, both containing discoloured and degrading 

greywacke stones of uniform size. The majority consisted of broken stones 

within a peaty matrix (4501) but several patches of similar stones within a 

black silty matrix (4502) were recorded. Both were penetrated by modern 

roots. An intermittent lens of eroded burnt mound material (4503) was 

recorded trailing off to the south. 

3.2.5 A section at the western side (Figs. 7-8) revealed the mound material had a 

depth of 0.3m. A machine excavated trench to the south (Fig. 7), up to the 

CPO boundary, revealed that the natural subsoil dipped steeply and that peat 

up to 1m thick was present at a distance of 6m to the south of the burnt 

mound. A basal deposit of mid-brown poorly humified peat (4509) with a 

depth of 0.3m underlay an intermittent lens of eroded burnt mound material 

(4503), with 0.6m of light-brown poorly humified peat (4508) above. Modern 

roots were frequent in the upper part of the profile but infrequent in the lower. 

To the east, a second machine sondage up to the CPO boundary revealed a 

similar depositional sequence with a total depth of 0.7m maximum. 

3.2.6 Three hand excavated test-pits (each 1m²) to the north of the trench revealed 

no archaeological remains. No finds were recovered. 

3.3 Field 2 (Fig. 1) 

3.3.1 Ground cover consisted of long grass and bracken with stands of small trees 

and shrubs, more dense at the western end. 

3.3.2 Four trenches (Trenches 2A-D, Fig. 1) were excavated in this field. The 

heavily root-affected topsoil (001) varied from 0.25m to 0.45m in depth and it 


overlay a creamy orange clay-silt natural subsoil (003). No archaeological 

remains were present. 

3.4 Field 4 (Fig. 1) 

3.4.1 This majority of the field occupies the south-western slopes of Knock Orr and 

is mainly covered in short grass. A modern quarry has been excavated close to 

the layby. The more level area adjacent to and to the east of the layby is wetter 

and contains grass and reeds. 

3.4.2 Sixteen trenches (Trenches 4A-P, Fig. 1) were excavated. The topsoil (001) 

varied from 0.15m up to 0.55m and it overlay subsoil (003) consisting of 

either a soft orange stony silt or a more compact grey stony silt . Both 

sediments were considered to be natural, with the orange (oxidised) sediments 

having formed either on the better drained slopes or over areas of softer (better 

drained) grey subsoil. These sediments are likely to be the result of natural soil 

processes. This sequence of sediments was also recorded in Field 8. 

3.4.3 Linear field drains (403, 405) were recorded in Trenches 4D and 4I and these 

were filled with small cobbles. A cast iron pipe (407) was also recorded in 

Trench 4I. No other features were present and no finds were recovered. 

3.5 Field 6 (Fig. 2) 

3.5.1 The area available for evaluation was confined to the eastern end of the field 

where a small area of long grass and bracken was present. 

3.5.2 An initial trench (Trench 1, Fig. 2) revealed that the water main, which was 

recorded on the utility plans as passing through the gate between Fields 6 and 

7, in fact ran through the evaluation area in Field 6. Trench 1 recorded its cut 

(101) under 0.15m of topsoil (001) and no further trenches were excavated. 

The natural subsoil (003) was orange stony silt and creamy-blue stony silt; the 

latter was recorded under deeper peat deposits to the west. No other features 

were present and no finds were recovered. 

3.6 Field 7 (Fig. 2) 

3.6.1 The ground available for evaluation consisted of a combination of long grass 

and reeds, with bedrock outcrops in the area of Trenches 5-7. The field was 

increasingly wet and boggy towards the east side. As the alignment of the 

water main in Field 6 had been established through trenching, a trench (Trench 

3) was able to be positioned immediately to the east of the field wall 

separating Fields 6 and 7. An open culvert to the east of the field was avoided. 

3.6.2 Twelve trenches (Trenches 2-13, Fig. 2) were excavated. Trenches 3, 5-7 and 

13 contained between 0.1m and 0.3m of topsoil (001) over either bedrock or 

natural subsoil (003), with the remaining trenches containing between 0.5m 

and 2m of peat over a creamy-blue till (eg Trench 10, Fig. 10). No 

archaeological remains were present. 


3.7 Field 8 (Fig. 2) 

3.7.1 The area available for evaluation to the north of the railway cutting consisted 

of short grass, with bracken and extensive spreads of cleared stones (Fig. 11). 

Wetter ground was present in the area of Trench 15. Trenches 16-34 were 

sited on the higher ground of the drumlin to the north of Blairderry Bridge. 

Between these trenches and the railway cutting was an area of level ground 

containing the stumps of substantial trees and deposits of dumped stones 

(presumably field clearance); no trenches were excavated in this area. Fig. 12 

shows the view west from Blairderry Bridge. 

3.7.2 Twenty-one trenches (Trenches 14-34, Fig. 2) were excavated. Aside from 

Trench 15, the deposits in this field consisted of a thin topsoil (001), which 

overlay natural (003) consisting of either a soft orange stony silt or a more 

compact grey stony silt. As in Field 4, both deposits were considered to be 

natural, with the orange (oxidised) sediments having formed either on the 

flanks of the drumlin or over areas of softer (better drained) grey till. In 

several cases, poorly defined deposits of dark brown silt with occasional 

charcoal flecks were present within the orange sediments and a sample of 

these was recovered from Trench 32 (3201) where they were most extensive. 

These sediments are likely to be the result of natural soil processes. 

3.7.3 In Trench 14, an extensive spread of field clearance stones (1401) was 

recorded over the entire area of the trench. These were cut by a linear ditch 

(1403) with a width of 1.2m and a depth of 0.3m. Ditch 1403 contained a 

sterile grey fill (1404), and lumps of redeposited subsoil (1405) were present 

between 2m and 4m to the west, suggesting machine excavation of the feature. 

No finds were recovered. In Trench 15, a thin basal deposit of silty peat (1503) 

was overlain by a layer of grey redeposited subsoil (1502) and this underlay a 

surface deposit of peat (1500) contained large quantities of stones (1501). Two 

sherds of white glazed ceramic lay within topsoil to the north of the railway 

cutting. No other finds were recovered. 

3.8 Field 9 (Fig. 3) 

3.8.1 Field 9 lies at the northern edge of the Barfad drumlin and most of the area 

consists of short grass. An area of reeds lies adjacent to the animal pens at the 

junction between the Gass Road and the A75. Trenches were not excavated 

across the access point into the field as this was in use by the farmer. To the 

west, the western end of Trenches 9k, 9l and 9m extended into a boggy area 

adjacent to the Toll Bar Burn. Field clearance stones were noted at the edge of 

the drumlin on the west. 

3.8.2 Fifteen trenches (Trenches 9A-O, Fig. 3) were excavated. The topsoil (001) 

varied in depth from 0.25m to 0.4m and it overlay a grey till (003). No 

archaeological remains were present. 


3.9 Field 10 (Fig. 3) 

3.9.1 The area available for evaluation was bounded to the north by the diverted 

Toll Bar Burn and to the south by the railway alignment and the A75. It was 

covered with a shallow waterlogged peat under grass, bog myrtle and reeds. 

The south-eastern part of the field has been extensively disturbed by machine 

movements associated with the diverting of the Toll Bar Burn. A north to 

south aligned water pipe, shown on the utility plans as crossing the western 

part of the field, is instead visible on the ground west of its indicated position. 

One trench was excavated between the railway track bed and its northern 

boundary fence in the only portion not affected by trees. 

3.9.2 Ten trenches (Trenches 35-44, Fig. 3) were excavated. In the least disturbed 

ground to the west, topsoil (001) with a depth of 0.25m overlay deposits of 

blue-grey till and fractured bedrock (003). To the east, much of the surface 

deposits were recently disturbed and consisted of saturated peat. 

3.9.3 Trench 38 was located in a narrow undisturbed zone between the water main 

and the existing A75. Over most of its length, a thin topsoil (001) overlay 

boulders and bedrock but at the western end deposits of saturated blue-grey till 

(003) were encountered. At this location, a 0.25m deep deposit of peat 

underlay the topsoil and this sealed a linear ditch (3801, Fig. 13) with a width 

of 0.9m and depth of 0.25m, aligned approximately NW-SE. Cutting the till, it 

was filled with a poorly humified peat (3802) within which were small 

quantities of charcoal, concentrated on the western side. This feature was less 

substantial in the opposing section. 


4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 

4.1 Trial trenches covering 4951m 2 out of an available c.25,000m² (19.8%) were 

excavated within the available areas of the A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual 

Carriageway. Much of this consisted of semi-improved pasture land on the 

drumlins, with some trenching taking place in the shallower peat of interdrumlin 

basins. There is nevertheless an almost complete absence of evidence 

for actual land improvement by way of land drainage for example, though 

evidence for field clearance was recorded in Fields 8 and 9. The 

archaeological potential of the area was expected to be low and this was 

supported by the evaluation. 

4.2 The fieldwork revealed two previously unknown sites of archaeological 

significance, that of a possible burnt mound (Trench 45) and a ditch (Trench 

38). Mitigation proposals are detailed in Section 5 below. Other remains, 

consisting of modern ditches and spreads of field clearance stone, are not 

considered to be of archaeological interest. 

Burnt Mound 

4.3 A probable burnt mound was recorded in Trench 45 near Derskelpin in Field 

1. Trial trenching and test-pitting indicate that it measures c.15m by 8m and 

consists of deposits of discoloured and degraded stone within a peaty matrix 

with some patches of black silt recorded. The mound lies in a pocket of 

undisturbed ground between telecommunications cables, a water pipe, the 

field boundary and the former alignment of the A75. The area is prone to 

waterlogging due to its topographic location, and so there is potential for the 

survival of organic material. 

4.4 Burnt mounds are a feature of the East Rhins of Galloway (Russell-White 

1990), an area defined on its eastern side by the Moors of Galloway, on which 

the A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual Carriageway is located. They have also been 

identified more recently during field survey around Knock Fell (Pickin 2000, 

22). A reasonably comprehensive list of the burnt mounds in Dumfries and 

Galloway is online (CAST 2001) at http://www.cast.org.uk/dag.htm. The 

National Monuments Record of Scotland and Historic Scotland’s ‘Pastmap’ 

database, at http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/PASTMAP/Map, contains more detailed 

information on these sites. 

4.5 Russell-White (1990, 71-2) describes the 1987 excavations at Dervaird burnt 

mound (NGR: NX 224 582), a site also excavated in advance of A75 road 

improvements, which is 3km SW of that found in the current work. The 

Dervaird burnt mound was kidney shaped, measuring 16m by 8m and was 

located next to a small stream. A single cooking pit, partly stone lined and 

with an oak floor, was recorded between the ‘horns’ of the mound. C14 dates 

from charcoal and the oak floor itself gave determinations of 1530-1300 cal 

BC (GU-2331) and 1620-1400 cal BC (GU-2330). Other burnt mounds in the 

area have been dated to the Later Bronze Age and to the medieval periods 

(ibid). 


4.6 Although both numerous and geographically widespread, the function of burnt 

mounds is still a hotly debated topic. Seasonal or ritual communal cooking is a 

favoured interpretation (O’Kelly 1954), but other ideas include saunas 

(Barfield & Hodder 1987) and even breweries (Peterkin 2007). Recent work 

stresses the potential for evidence of woodland clearance and the 

intensity/duration of human activity on these sites, information which may be 

available from detailed field sampling and laboratory analysis, as well as the 

potential for locating nearby contemporary/sequential settlement. In Scotland, 

structures are associated with burnt mounds in the Northern (Hedges 1975) 

and Western (Armit & Braby 2002) Isles, but so far not in the south-west. 

4.7 The Derskelpin burnt mound compares well in size with the nearby example 

excavated at Dervaird (Russell-White 1990). The wet ground conditions at 

Derskelpin may be conducive to the survival of timber features and other 

organic material. 

Ditch 

4.8 The only other feature of any antiquity may be the ditch in Trench 38. Sealed 

beneath 0.25m of peat and containing charcoal, this feature has in all 

probability been cut to the north by the water main and been disturbed by 

work associated with the diversion of the Toll Bar Burn. To the south lies a 

modern roadside drain and the existing A75. The age of this ditch is unclear 

and would be dependent on the rapidity of peat growth in this area; no 

dateable finds were recovered. It is possibly a drainage ditch which has 

infilled with peat growth due to the waterlogged conditions. 

Further Work 

4.9 A mitigation strategy is provided under separate cover (CFA Report no. 

1659.1). 

4.10 A Discovery and Excavation in Scotland Entry will be submitted for 

publication following completion of all mitigation and the project will be 

recorded via the OASIS protocol. 


5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Armit, I & Braby, A 2002 ‘Excavation of a burnt mound and associated structures at 

Ceann nan Clachan, North Uist’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 132 (2002), 229–58 

Barfield, L & Hodder, M 1987 ‘Burnt mounds as saunas and the prehistory of 

bathing’, Antiquity, 61, 370–9 

Buckley, V (ed) 1990 Burnt Offerings: International Contributions to Burnt Mound 

Archaeology. Wordwell, Dublin 

CAST 2001 ‘Dumfries & Galloway: Summary of places of interest’ 

http://www.cast.org.uk/dag.htm 

Cressey, M & Strachan, R 2003 ‘The excavation of two burnt mounds and a wooden 

trough near Beechwood Farm, Inshes, Inverness, 1999’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 

133 (2003), 191-203 

Hedges, J 1975 ‘Excavation of two Orcadian burnt mounds at Liddle and Beaquoy’, 

Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 106 (1974–5), 39–98 

Johnson, M & Cressey, M 2009 A75 ‘Cairntop to Barlae Dual Carriageway, Dumfries 

& Galloway, Project Design for Programme of Archaeological Works’. CFA 

Archaeology Ltd. Unpublished Report No. 1655. Commissioned by Historic 

Scotland on behalf of Transport Scotland 

O’Kelly, M J 1954 ‘Excavation and experiments in ancient Irish cooking sites’, J R 

Soc Antiq Ireland, 84, 105-55 

National Monuments Record of Scotland and Historic Scotland’s ‘Pastmap’ 

http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/PASTMAP/Map 

Neighbour, T & Johnson, M 2005 ‘A Bronze Age burnt mound in lowland Cumbria: 

excavations at Garlands Hospital, Carlisle, 1997’, Trans Cumberland 

Westmorland Antiq & Archaeol Soc, V (2005), 11–23 

Peterkin, T 2007 ‘Bronze Age brew proves a vintage ale’, Sunday Telegraph, 

13/08/2007 

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3303248/Bronze-Age-brewproves-a-vintage-ale.html 

Pickin, J 2000, Knock Fell, Survey, DES 2000, 22 

Russell-White, C J 1990 ‘The East Rhins of Galloway’ in Buckley, V (ed) 70-6 


APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY OF EVALUATION TRENCHES 

Trench 

No. 

Field Length 

(m) 

Width 

(m) 

Depth of 

overburden 

min / max (m) 

Comments 

1 6 34 2 0.15 / 1.4 Grass/Bracken, Reeds. Water main (101) 

2 7 51 2 0.2 / 1.3 Peat 

3 7 7 6 0.2 Grass 

4 7 50 2 0.2 / 1.1 Peat 

5 7 11 2 0.2 Grass & Bedrock 

6 7 27 2 0.2 Grass & Bedrock 

7 7 27 2 0.1 / 0.7 Grass, Peat & Bedrock 

8 7 30 2 0.25 / 0.5 Peat 

9 7 28 2 0.3 / 0.5 Peat 

10 7 20 2 0.5 / 1.8 Peat 

11 7 26 2 0.45 / 1.7 Peat 

12 7 26 2 0.4 / 1.7 Peat 

13 7 9 4 0.3 Grass & Bracken 

14 8 47 3.4 0.3 / 0.5 Grass & Bracken. Field Clearance Stones 

(1401). Linear Ditch (1403) 

15 8 34 3 0.5 / 0.65 Made Ground (1502) under and over peat. 

Field Clearance Stones (1501) 

16 8 32 2 0.25 / 0.35 Grass 

17 8 28 2 0.25 / 0.35 Grass 

18 8 15 2 0.25 Grass 

19 8 8 6.5 0.25 Grass 

20 8 30 2 0.25 Grass 

21 8 37 2 0.25 Grass 

22 8 17 2 0.25 Grass 

23 8 31 2 0.25 Grass 

24 8 16 2 0.25 Grass 

25 8 36 2 0.25 Grass 

26 8 27 2 0.25 Grass 

27 8 22 2 0.25 Grass 

28 8 8 2 0.25 Grass 

29 8 27 2 0.25 Grass 

30 8 14 2 0.25 Grass 

31 8 39 2 0.25 Grass 

32 8 32 2 0.25 Grass 

33 8 23 2 0.25 Grass 

34 8 16 2 0.25 Grass 

35 10 25 2 0.3 Grass, Reeds, Bog Myrtle 


37 10 52 2 0.35 / 0.45 Grass, Reeds, Bog Myrtle 

38 10 37 2 0.2 / 0.6 Grass, Reeds. Linear Ditch (3801) 

39 10 31 2 0.3 / 0.45 Reeds, Bog Myrtle 

40 10 54 2 0.3 Reeds, Bog Myrtle 




44 10 19 2 0.4 Grass, Reeds, Bog Myrtle, Brushwood 

45 1 30 2-4 0.2 / 0.5 Grass, Reeds. Burnt Mound (4501-3). Two 

Water Pipes (4504, 4506) 

46 1 18 2 0.3 Grass, Reeds 

2A 2 59 1.8 0.25 / 0.4 Grass, Bracken 

2B 2 45 1.8 0.4 / 0.45 Grass, Bracken 

2C 2 40 1.8 0.3 / 0.35 Grass, Bracken 

2D 2 15 1.8 0.25 Grass, Bracken 


Trench 

No. 

Field Length 

(m) 

Width 

(m) 

Depth of 

overburden 

min / max (m) 

Comments 

4A 4 40 1.8 0.15 Grass 

4B 4 39 1.8 0.15 Grass 

4C 4 36 1.8 0.15 Grass 

4D 4 50 1.8 0.3 / 0.35 Grass, Field Drain (403) 

4E 4 49 1.8 0.3 Grass 

4F 4 53 1.8 0.3 Grass 

4G 4 50 1.8 0.4 Grass 

4H 4 30 1.8 0.5 Grass 

4I 4 48 1.8 0.25 / 0.55 Grass, Field Drain (405), Water Pipe (407) 

4J 4 56 1.8 0.4 Grass 

4K 4 49 1.8 0.25 / 0.4 Grass 

4L 4 50 1.8 0.25 Grass 

4M 4 30 1.8 0.35 Grass 

4N 4 5 1.8 0.3 Grass 

4O 4 30 1.8 0.3 / 0.35 Grass 

4P 4 15 1.8 0.15 Grass 

9A 9 24 1.8 0.25 Grass 

9B 9 28 1.8 0.3 Grass 

9C 9 34 1.8 0.35 Grass 

9D 9 24 1.8 0.35 Grass 

9E 9 28 1.8 0.25 / 0.4 Grass 

9F 9 24 1.8 0.3 Grass 

9G 9 20 1.8 0.3 Grass 

9H 9 23 1.8 0.3 Grass 

9I 9 24 1.8 0.25 / 0.3 Grass 

9J 9 30 1.8 0.25 / 0.35 Grass 

9K 9 42 1.8 0.25 / 0.35 Grass 

9L 9 51 1.8 0.25 / 0.35 Grass 

9M 9 40 1.8 0.25 / 0.35 Grass 

9N 9 19 1.8 0.25 Grass 

9O 9 17 1.8 0.2 / 0.25 Grass 


APPENDIX 2: CONTEXT REGISTER 

Context No. Trench/Area Fill of Type Description 

001 Topsoil 

002 Buried soils/peats 

003 Natural subsoil 

101 Trench 1 Cut Linear cut for water main 

102 Trench 1 101 Deposit Mixed fill over quarry dust 

1401 Trench 14 Deposit Field clearance stones over whole 

trench 

1402 Trench 14 Deposit Topsoil and matrix around stones at 

WSW end of trench 

1403 Trench 14 Cut Linear cut for ditch 

1404 Trench14 1403 Deposit Lumps of redeposited grey/orange clay 

silt natural subsoil 

1405 Trench 14 Deposit Lumps of redeposited grey/orange clay 

silt natural subsoil 

1406 Trench 14 Deposit Matrix around stones. Brown-grey clay 

silt 

1901 Trench 19 Cut Cut for borehole 

1902 Trench 19 Deposit Gravel, soil, bentonite fill, and plastic 

pipe 

3201 Trench 32 Deposit Dark soil with charcoal flecks and dark 

red stones 

3801 Trench 38 Cut Linear cut for shallow ditch 

3802 Trench 38 3801 Deposit Peat with charcoal lumps 

4501 Trench 45 Deposit Burnt mound material with peat matrix 

4502 Trench 45 Deposit Burnt mound material with black 

matrix 

4503 Trench 45 Deposit Burnt mound material with lens, in S of 

trench 

4504 Trench 45 Cut Linear cut 

4505 Trench 45 4504 Deposit Wet soil and blue plastic water pipe 

4506 Trench 45 Cut Linear cut 

4507 Trench 45 4506 Deposit Wet soil and black plastic water pipe 

4508 Trench 45 Deposit Mid brown poorly humified peat 

4509 Trench 45 Deposit Light brown porly humified peat 

403 Trench 4D Cut Cut of narrow and shallow gully/field 

drain 

404 Trench 4D 403 Deposit Mid greyish brown sandy silt 

405 Trench 4I Natural subsoil 

406 Trench 4I Natural subsoil 

407 Trench 4I Cut Cut for cast-iron pipe {408} 

408 Trench 4I Cast-iron pipe in [407] 

409 Trench 4I 407 Deposit Re-deposited natural 


APPENDIX 3: PHOTOGRAPH REGISTER 

SLR No. Digital No Contexts/description Taken From Conditions 

1 Access gate into field 7 SE Sunny 

2 Access gate field 7 into field 6 SE Sunny 

3 General view of above gates NE Sunny 

4 General view of trenches 1 & 2, field 6, pre-ex NE Sunny 

5 General view of field 7, pre-ex NW Sunny 

6 General view of field 7, pre-ex W Sunny 

7 General view of field 7, pre-ex SW Bright 

8 Trench 1 SSE facing section in peat, showing 

peat over bedrock. General 

SSE 

9 Trench 1 SSE facing section in peat, showing SSE 

peat over bedrock. Close-up 

10 Trench 1, general view WSW 

11 Trench 1, general view ENE 

12 Trench 1, deep peat area at SW end ENE Overcast 

13 Trench 1, backfilled ENE Dull 

14 Trench 2, WNW facing peat section WNW Dull 

15 Trench 2, excavated WSW Dull 

16 Trench 2, excavated ENE Dull 

17 Trench 3, general view WNW Dull 



20 Trench 4, peat section in mid trench WNW Dull 


22-23 Area of trenches 5 & 6, pre-ex WNW Dull 

24 Trench 4, view of stony subsoil in trench base WSW Dull 


26 Trench 5, excavated NNE Dull 

27 Trench 5, soil section, mid trench WNW Overcast 


29 Trench 6, general view NW Dull 


31 Trench 7, excavated S Dull 

32 Trench 7, excavated, general view, with W Dull 

trenches 8 & 9 beyond 

33 Trench 8, excavated, general view ENE Dull 

34 Trench 8, peat section at ENE end SE Dull 

35 Trench 8, general view of WSW end ENE Dull 

36 Trench 8, general view WSW Dull 

37 Trench 8, natural cup marks in bedrock Dull 

38 Trench 9, excavated, general view WSW Dull 

39 Trench 9, soil/peat section WNW Dull 


41 Trench 9, excavated, close-up ENE Dull 

42-43 Trench 10, excavated, ENE end ENE Dull 

44 Trench 10, section at ENE end WNW Dull 

45-48 Trench 10, excavated ENE Dull 

49-50 Trench 10, general view WSW Dull 

51 Trench 10, location in bog W Dull 

52 Trench 10, general view, with added water WSW Dull 

53-54 Trench 8, view of area NNW Dull 

55-56 Field 7, Bog mats used to cross culvert/drainage W 

ditch 

Overcast 

57-58 Trench 11, peat section at WSW end ENE Dull 

59 Trench 11, large log (2.2m x 0.3m) on spoil 

heap 

E 




61 Trench 11, peat section at ENE end NNW Dull 

62-64 Trench 12, peat section at WSW end NE Dull 


66 Trench 12, peat section, mid trench NNW Overcast 


68 Field 8, pre-ex WSW Overcast 

69-72 Access into field 9 Overcast 

73-74 Fence access into field 8 after bracken removed S Overcast 

75-76 Trench 13, excavated ENE Overcast 

77 Trench 14, pre-ex WSW Overcast 

78 Trench 14, patch of stones within trench area, 

pre-ex 

NNW Overcast 

79 Trench 14, possible rig and furrow at ENE end NNW Overcast 

80 Trench 14, working shot showing field 

clearance stones (1401) 

WSW Overcast 

81 Trench 14, ENE facing section showing field 

clearance stones (1401) 

ENE Overcast 

1-2 82 Trench 14, excavated, general view ENE Overcast 

3-4 83 Trench 14, excavated, view of stones (1401) W Overcast 

over subsoil at ENE end 

5-6 84 Trench 14, general views of section NE Overcast 

7-8 85 Trench 14, general views of section NNW Overcast 

9-10 86 Trench 14, ditch [1403] NNW Overcast 

11-12 87 Trench 14, ditch [1403], close-up NNW Overcast 

13-14 88 Trench 14, drawn section at WSW end ENE Overcast 

15-16 89-90 Trench 15, excavated, general view WSW Sunny 

17-18 91 Trench 15, excavated, general view ENE Sunny 

19-20 92 Trench 15, section 1 SSE Sunny 

21-22 93-94 Trench 15, section 2 NNW Shade 

23-24 95 Trench 15, section 3 SSE Sunny 

25-26 96-99 Trench 15, section 4 NNW Shade 

100-103 Trench 15, metal railway fence support and 

wire tensioner on modern fence line 

104 Trench 18, general view SW Sunny 

105 Trench 18, natural curvilinear feature W Sunny 

106 Trench 18, SE facing section SE Sunny 

107 Trenches 16, 17 & 18, general view WSW Sunny 

108 Trench 17, general view WSW Sunny 

109-110 Trench 17, section at WSW end SSE Sunny 

111 Trench 17, section at ENE end SSE Sunny 

112 Trench 17, general view ENE Sunny 


114-115 Trench 16, section at ENE end SSE Sunny 

116 Trench 16, section at WSW end SSE Sunny 


118-121 Site panorama including Field 9 trenches from NW - NE Sunny 

N of Field 8 

122-123 Field 9, from field 8 W Sunny 

124 Trench 20, section NW Overcast 

125 Trench 20, general view SW Overcast 

126 Trench 20, general view NE Overcast 

127 Trench 19, mottled patches of brown and black 

soil with charcoal flecks 

SSE Overcast 

128 Trench 19, mottled patches of brown and black 

soil with charcoal flecks 

WSW Overcast 

129 Trench 19, Pleizometer borehole with bentonite W Overcast 


SLR No. Digital No Contexts/description 

clay grouting and blue pipe (1901-2) 

Taken From Conditions 

130 Trenches 16 & 17, with Lankelma cone 

penetration rig beyond 

E Overcast 

131-132 Trench 19, general view SSE Bright 

133 Trench 21, general view SSE Sunny 

134 Percussion rig operating at SW end of trench 20 SW 

135 Trench 21, section, med trench WSW Sunny 

136 Trench 21, general view, mid trench S Sunny 

137 Trench 21, general view NNW Sunny 

138 Trench 22, orange patch in mid trench, with 

water filled section 

S Overcast 

139 Trench 22, general view SE Bright 

140 Trench 23, general view NW Sunny 

141 Trench 23, general view NE Sunny 

142 Trench 23, general view of subsoil surface SE Sunny 

143 Trench 24, orange-brown stony patch prior to 

removal 

S Bright 

144 Trench 24, orange-brown stony patch prior to 

removal 

E Bright 

145 Trench 24, orange-brown stony patch almost 

removed 

E Bright 

146 Trench 24, orange-brown stony patch almost 

removed 

S Bright 

147-149 Trench 24, view of W facing section WNW - W Bright 

150 Trench 24, general view S Bright 

151 Trench 25, SSE facing section SSE Overcast 

152 Trench 25, general view WSW Overcast 

153 Trench 25, general view ENE Overcast 

154 Trench 27, general view WNW Overcast 

155 Trench 27, general view ESE Overcast 

156 Trench 26, general view ESE Overcast 

157 Trench 26, general view WNW Overcast 

158 Trench 28, general view NNW Bright 

159 Trench 28, ENE facing section NE Bright 

160 Trench 29, general view SSE Overcast 

161 Trench 29, general view NNW Overcast 

162 Trench 29, ENE facing section ENE Overcast 

163-164 Field 8, area of trenches 16 to 33 NW Overcast 

165 Field 8, area of trenches 16 to 33 W Overcast 

166 Trench 30, general view NNW Overcast 

167 Trench 30, close-up NNW Overcast 

168 Trench 30, general view SSE Overcast 

169-170 Trench 31, section at WSW end SSE Overcast 



173-177 Tree stumps and dumped boulders in area 

between fence and railway cutting 

178 Trench 32, patch of charcoal flecks in dark silty NW 

matrix (3201), close-up 

Overcast 

179 Trench 32, patch of charcoal flecks in dark silty NW 

matrix (3201), general 

Overcast 

180 Trench 32, view of area of (3201) after 

sampling 

E Wet 

181 Trench 32, general view SW Wet 

182 VOID 

183-184 Trench 32A, extension to NNW, area of (3201) 

in foreground 

SSE Wet 



185 Trench 33, general view SW Bright 

186-187 Trench 33, section at SW end NE Overcast 

188 Trench 34, general view WSW Bright 

189-190 Trench 34, section at WSW end ENE Bright 

191-192 Field 8, trenches 16 to 34, general view NW Overcast 

193-197 Field 8, general view of backfilled trenches N Overcast 

198-199 Local wildlife and conditions (Adder) 

200-201 Railway fence to W of Blairderry Bridge E Overcast 

202-204 Fence from railway into field 8, repaired S Overcast 

205 Trench 35, general view W Dull 

206 Trench 35, general view E Dull 

207-208 Trench 35, section, mid-trench N Dull 

209 Trench 36, general view W Dull 

210 Trench 36, general view E Dull 

211 Trench 36, large boulders in base of trench 

212 Trench 36, section, mid-trench N Dull 

213-216 Field 10, general views 

217 Trench 37, pre-ex, showing prominent knoll NW Sunny 

218 Trench 37, pre-ex, showing prominent knoll N Sunny 

219 Trench 37, pre-ex, showing prominent knoll NE Sunny 

220 Trench 37, surface of bedrock knoll ENE Sunny 

221 Trench 37, knoll de-turfed, bedrock showing WSW Sunny 

222 Trench 37, surface of bedrock knoll ENE Sunny 

223 Trench 37, ENE side of bedrock knoll ENE Sunny 


225-227 Trench 37, section at ENE end of trench Sunny 

228-230 Trench 37, section at WSW end of trench SSE Bright 

231 Trench 38, sondage at WSW end showing ditch NE 

[3801] 

Bright 

232-234 Trench 38, ditch [3801], NNW facing section, NNW Bright 

general and close-up 

235-236 Trench 38, SSE facing section ditch [3801] SSE Bright 


238 Trench 38, general view ENE Bright 

239 Trench 38, shattered bedrock in ENE end of 

trench 

WSW Bright 

240-242 Trench 39 location and general views of field 

Overcast 

10 from A75 




246 Trench 40, bedrock knoll, mid-trench ENE Sunny 


248-250 Field 10, general views from near water main NW Bright 

251-252 Field 8 and railway bridge NE Bright 

253 Trench 41, excavated, showing peat E Overcast 


255 Trench 41, general view ENE Bright 

256 Trench 41, general view of area from bedrock 

knoll in trench 37 

NE Bright 

257 Trench 41, section at ENE end of trench WSW Bright 

258 Trench 42, general view E Bright 

259 Trench 42, shattered surface bedrock in base of E Bright 

trench 

260 Trench 42, general view from A75 E Bright 

261 Trench 42, section at E end of trench S Bright 

262 Trench 43, general view E Sunny 



263 Trench 43, general view W Bright 

264 Trench 43, W facing section W 

265 Trench 44, general view W Sunny 

266 Trench 44, general view W Sunny 

267 Trench 44, general view showing location E Sunny 

between railway track bed and fence 

268 Trench 44, S facing section S Bright 

269 Field 10, access from railway after machine exit N Sunny 

270 Field 10, access from railway after machine exit S Sunny 

271 Field 1, access gate into field from farm access SE Sunny 

272-274 Field 1, Trench 45, pre-ex N Bright 

275 Trench 45, general view S Bright 

276-277 Trench 45, excavated W Bright 

278-279 Trench 45, water pipes in base of trench Bright 

280 Trench 45, section to W of burnt stones S Bright 

281 Trench 45, burnt spread partially uncovered SW Sunny 

282 VOID Bright 

283 Trench 45, tree clearance to allow trench 

extension to E 

W Bright 

284 Trench 45, examples of burnt material with 

black matrix (4501) exposed in base of trench 

Overcast 

285 VOID Overcast 

286 VOID Overcast 

287-289 Trench 45, section at N edge showing burnt 

stone (4501) 

S Overcast 

290-294 Trench 45, general views of flooded trench and 

general views W and S from trench 45 

Sunny 

295 Trench 46, excavated, general view W Sunny 

296 Trench 46, excavated, general view showing W Sunny 

bedrock ridge in base of trench 

297 Trench 46, general view E Sunny 

298 Trench 46, section S Sunny 

299 Test pit 2, excavated to natural at water table W Overcast 

300 Test pit 2, W facing section W Overcast 

301 Test pit 1, excavated to natural at water table W Overcast 

302 Test pit 1, W facing section W Overcast 

303 Test pits 1 & 2 and trench 45, general view SSW Overcast 

304-311 Field 1, general views of site location S Overcast 

312 Test pit 3, general view S Dull 

313 Test pit 3, S facing section S Dull 

314 Test pit 3, plan view showing large stones in 

natural subsoil 

S Dull 

315-319 Trench 45, sondage to S on W of trench, W 

facing section, general and close-up views 

W Wet 

320-323 Trench 45, sondage to S on E of trench, W W Wet 

facing section 

324 Trench 45, sondage to S on W of trench S Wet 

325 Trench 9a, pre-ex NW Wet 

326 Trench 9b, pre-ex NW Wet 

327 Trench 9c, pre-ex NE Wet 

328 Trench 9d, pre-ex NE Wet 

329 Trench 9e. Pre-ex W Clear 

330 Trench 9f, pre-ex NW Clear 

331 Trench 9g, pre-ex NW Overcast 

332 Trench 9h, pre-ex NW Clear 

333 Trench 9i, pre-ex NW Sunny 

334 Trench 9j W Sunny 



335 Trench 9i. general section shot Sunny 

336 Trench 9k, post-ex E Sunny 

337 Trench 9l, post-ex E Sunny 

338 Trench 9l, probable furrow, post-ex NE Sunny 

339 Trench 9l, probable furrow, post-ex W Sunny 

340 Trench 9k, general section shot Sunny 

341 Trench 9m, post-ex E Sunny 

342 Trench 9m, post-ex E Sunny 

343 Field 9, working shot Sunny 

344 Trench 9n, post-ex E Sunny 

345 Trench 9o, post-ex N Sunny 

346 Field 4, fence line prior to access W Sunny 

347 Field 4, fence line access point Sunny 

348 Field 4, fence line access point Sunny 

349 Trench 4a, post-ex SW Sunny 

350 Trench 4c, post-ex SW Wet 

351 Trench 4c, working shot showing conditions SW Wet 

352 Trench 4b, post-ex NE Wet 

353 Trench 4d, stone-holes, pre-ex N Wet 

354 Trench 4d, stone-holes, post-ex N Wet 

355 Trench 4d, post-ex NE Wet 

356 Trench 4d, post-ex, showing field drains SW Wet 

357 Trench 4d, rubble field drains NW Dry 

358 Trench 4d, probable field drain SW Dry 

359 Trench 4e, post-ex NE Overcast 

360 Trench 4g, post-ex NE Overcast 

361 Trench 4g, soil profile Overcast 

362 Trench 4f, post-ex NE Overcast 

363 Trench 4j, post-ex SW Wet 

364 Trench 4j, general shot, section NW 

365 Trench 4j, post-ex NE Overcast 

366 Trench 4j, post-ex NE Sunny 

367 Trench 4h, post-ex SW Sunny 

368 Trench 4i, post-ex, showing cut [407] NE Wet 

369 Trench 4i, post-ex SW Clear 

370 Trench 4i, post-ex NE Overcast 

371 Trench 4k, post-ex NE Overcast 

372 Trench 4k, post-ex NE Overcast 

373 Trench 4i, SW facing section SW Wet 

374 Trench 4i, general shot of conditions Wet 

375 Trench 4i, post-ex shot of sondage SW Wet 

376 Trench 4k, post-ex NE Wet 

377 Trench 4l, post-ex NW Overcast 

378 Trench 4m, working shot NE Overcast 

379 Granite roller excavated from trench 4m 

380 Trench 4n, cut of [407] SW Clear 

381 Trench 4o, post-ex SW Clear 

382-388 Field 4, general shots of backfilled trenches Bright 

389 Trench 4p, post-ex Bright 

390 Trenches 4a-c, backfilled N Overcast 

391 Trenches 4a-c, backfilled SE Overcast 

392-395 Field 2, general shot of access gate Overcast 

396 General shot of A75 after machine crossing Overcast 

397 Field 2, access after entry Overcast 

398 Trench 2a, excavation E Overcast 

399 Trench 2a, post-ex E Overcast 

400 Trench 2a, rock outcrop E Overcast 



401 Trench 2b, working shot 

402 Trench 2b, post-ex 

403 Trench 2c, post-ex E Sunny 

404 Trench 2d, post-ex W Sunny 

405 Trench 2d, peat profile N Sunny 

406 Trench 2d, peat profile N Sunny 

407 Field 2, access Wet 


APPENDIX 4: DRAWINGS REGISTER 

Dwg No. Sheet No. Scale Plan / Section Description/contexts 

1 1 1:10 Section Trench 14, E facing section. Contexts (1401)- 

(1402) 

2 1+2 1:20 Section Trench 14, N facing section. Contexts (1401)- 

(1406) 

3 1+2 1:20 Plan Trench 14, plan of E end. Contexts [1403]-(1404) 

4 DB 1:100 Plan Trench 1 plan. Contexts (101)-(102) 

5 3 1:10 Section Trench 15, section 1. Contexts (1500), (1502)- 

(1503) 

6 3 1:10 Section Trench 15, section 2. Contexts (1500)-(1503) 

7 3 1:10 Section Trench 15, section 3. Contexts (1500), (1502)- 

(1503) 

8 3+4 1:10 Section Trench 15, section 4. Contexts (1500)-(1502) 

9 3 1:100 Plan Trench 15, showing location of drawings # 5-8 

10 4 1:10 Section Trench 38, section showing ditch [3801], (3802) 

11 5 1:10 Section Trench 45, sondage, showing (4501) 

12 5,6+7 1:50 Plan Trench 45, plan of E end. Contexts (4501)-(4502) 

13 6 1:20 Section Trench 45, section A-B. Contexts (4501)-(4503) 

14 6 1:20 Section Trench 45, section C-D. Contexts (4501)-(4503) 

15 8 1:10 Section Representative section trench J, field 9 

16 8 1:50 Plan Trench K, field 9 

17 8 1:50 Plan Trench D, field 4 

18 8 1:10 Section Cut of field drain, trench D, field 4 

19 8 1:10 Section Representative section trench G, field 4 

20 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench H, field 4 

21 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench H, field 4 

22 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench I, field 4. Context [407] 

23 9 1:20 Section Section trench I, field 4. Contexts [407]. (406), 

(405) 

24 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench K, field 4 

25 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench L, field 4 

26 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench A, field 4 

27 9 1:50 Plan Part of trench M, field 4 

28 10 1:50 Plan Trench N, field 4 

29 10 1:50 Plan Trench C, field 2 

APPENDIX 5: SAMPLES REGISTER 

Sample No. Context Feature Sample type Volume 

1 1404 1403 Bulk 12l 

2 1405 Bulk 12l 

3 1406 Bulk 12l 

4 1503 Bulk 12l 

5 001 Bulk 12l 

6 3201 Bulk 12l 

7 3802 3801 Bulk 12l 

8 003 Bulk 12l 

9 4502 Bulk 12l 


Field 3 

Field 1 

Field 4 

Field 2

Field 6 

Field 7 

Field 8

Field 9 

Field 10

The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall 

have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any 

person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be 

reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. 

Key: 

Scale: 

Fig. No: Revision: Client: 

4-5 A Historic Scotland 

Project: 

Trench 45 

Fig. 4 - View of the burnt mound location from the south on Dirlaughlin Hill 

Fig. 5 - Trench 45 after overnight rain 


Dumfries & Galloway. 

Archaeological Evaluation & Mitigation Strategy 

Drawn by: Page No: 

LW 

Report No: 

1659





Fence line 

TP 2 

003 

TP 3 

003 

A 

003 

TP 1 

003 

Plastic water pipe 

Plastic water pipe 

003 

003 

4502 

4501 

003 

4502 

4502 

003 

4502 

Fig. No: Client: 

6-7 Historic Scotland 

Project: 

003 

A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual 

Carriageway, Dumfries & Galloway. 

Archaeological Evaluation & 

Mitigation Strategy 

0 5 m 

1 m 

Fig. 6 - Trench 45, Plan of the burnt mound (4501-2) 

B 

A B 

001 

001 

TP 1 


LW 

4508 

4501 4501 

4503 

003 

001 

4509 

003 

Fig. 7 - Trench 45, west-facing section showing the burnt mound (4501) and peat profile to the south 

0 1 m 

50 cm 

Report No: 

1659





Fig. 8 - Burnt stone lens (4503) mid-way up peat section to 

south of burnt mound 

Key: 

Scale: 

Fig. 10 - Trench 10 in Field 7 looking east 

Fig. 12 - Looking West over backfilled trenches in Field 8 

with the boggy Field 7 in the distance 

Fig. No: Revision: Client: 

8-13 A Historic Scotland 

Project: 

Fig. 9 - Test trench into the burnt mound showing the stones 

(4501) in section 

Fig. 11 - Surface field clearance stones (1401) in Trench 14 

prior to excavation 

Fig. 13 - Ditch (3801) in section from the north 


Dumfries & Galloway. 

Archaeological Evaluation & Mitigation Strategy 


LW 

Report No: 

1659

A75 Cairntop to Barlae Dual Carriageway, Dumfries & Galloway ...

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