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1866 JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, VOL. 6, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2011 Table 4 The optimal solutions to the model K * L * T * Buyer 1 R1 S1 Buyer 2 R2 S2 Buyer 3 R3 S3 supplier Rv Sv ETC 2 0.002 0.0639 754 1 808 1 1197 1 3803 2 23101.9 Note: S1, S2, S3 for the buyer’s expected shortages in the replenishment cycle, Sv for the supplier’s expected shortages in the delivery period. From the table 3 we can get the conclusion that the [8] Reve, T., and Johansen, E. Organizational Buying in the total cost curve shows the convex trends: The optimal Offshore Oil Industry. Industry Marketing Management, shipping times per production cycle for the manufacturer is 2 times. However, compared to the case of not considering the shortening delivery time (L*=L0), the best common replenishment cycle of the buyer T* is reduced by the 0.06414 years to 0.06390 years, the best replenishment lead time of the buyer L* is reduced to 1982,(11):275-282. [9] Silver, E. and Peterson, P., Decision System for Inventory Management and Production Planning, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1985. [10] Miller, D. and Dorge, C. Psychological and Traditional Determinants of Structure Administrative Science Quarterly, 1986, 31: 539-560. 0.002 years. In addition, the table 4 shows that, all the [11] Malone, W., Yates, J. and Benjamin, I. Electronic Markets safety factors Z1*, Z2*, Z3* of the lead time of the buyer and Electronic Hierarchies. Communications of the ACM, 1, 2, 3, are 2.326, 99% service level, that is, the buyers’ 1987,30(6):484-497. replenishment target level per cycle is 753, 808, 1197 units, the expected shortages per cycle is 1 unit. The safety factor Zv* of the supplier’s lead time is 2.326 too, that is, the supplier’s replenishment target level per cycle is 3803 units, the expected shortages per cycle is 2 units. At the time, the optimal total cost of the supply chain per [12] Novack, A., and Simco, W. The Industrial Procurement Process: A Supply Chain Perspective. Journal of Business Logistics, 1991,12,(1):145-167. [13] Liao, C.J., and Shyu, C.H., An analytical determine of lead time with normal demand, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 1991, l7, 4:115- 124. unit time is $23101.9, go down 2.2% compared to case of [14] Ballou, R. H., Business Logistics Management, 3rd ed., the supplier not allow to shorten the delivery. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992. [15] Davis, T. Effective Supply Chain Management. Sloan V. CONCLUSION Man-agement Review (Summer), 1993: 35-46. [16] Lee, H. L. and C. Billington, Material management in To the supply chain management, the lead time has a decentralized supply chains. Operations great impact on inventory management performance. Research,1993,41(5): 835-847. However, the majority of supply chain inventory decision model regarded the lead time as being fixed, this does not correspond with the practice. Innovations of this paper is that, set the lead time as a variable, with the constraints of meeting different shortages, explores the inventory decision model of a supply chain which composed of a single supplier and multiple buyers. While the earlier [17] Gerwin, D. Manufacturing Flexibility: A Strategic Perspective. Management Science, 1993, 39(4): 395-410. [18] Li, K., Shyu, T. and Adiga, S. A Heuristic Rescheduling Algorithm for Computer-Based Production Scheduling Systems. International Journal of Production Research, 1993, 31(8): 815- 1826. [19] Sethi, V. and Carraher, S.M., Developing measures for assessing the organizational impact of information calculations appear more complicated, if programmed, technology: a comment on Mahmood and Soon’s paper. the application will be very simple. The inadequacy of Decision Sciences, 1993, 24: 867-77. the study is that the model in this article are not compared with other models and sentenced to the merits, this is also the further research content for the author. [20] Banerjee, A. and Banerjee, S., A coordinated order-up-to inventory control policy for a single supplier and multiple buyers using electronic data interchange, International Journal of Production Economics, 1994, 35, 1-3: 85-91. REFERENCES [21] Ben-Daya, M, and Raouf, A., Inventory models involving lead time as a decision variable, The Journal of the [1] Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E..Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 1955,52:281302. [2] Duncan, B. Characteristics of Organizational Environmental and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972, 17: 313-327. [3] Lawshe, H. A Quantitative Approach to Contect Validity. Personnel Psychology, 1975, 28: 563-575. [4] Lawshe, H. A Quantitative Approach to Contect Validity. Personnel Psychology, 1975, 28: 563-575. [5] Whybark, C., and William, J. Material Requirement Planning under Uncertainty. Decision Science, 1976,17(4): 595-606. [6] Mintzberg, T.Patterns in Strategy Formation. Management Science,1978,(24):934-948. [7] Churchill, A. A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 1979,16(1):64-73. Operational Research Society, 1994,45(5): 579-582. [22] Tersine, R. J., Principles of Inventory and Materials Management, 4th ed., 1994. [23] Kotteaku, G., Laios, G. and Moschuris, J. The influence of product complexity on the purchasing structure. International Journal of Management Science, 1995, 23(1):27-39. [24] Krajewski, L.J. and Ritzman, L.P., Operations Management: Strategy and Analysis. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1996. 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JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, VOL. 6, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2011 1867 [28] Calinescu, A., Efstathiou, J., Schim J., and Bermejo, J. Applying and Assessing Two Methods for Measuring Complexity in Manufacturing. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1998, 49: 723-733. [29] Hair, F., Anderson, E., Tatham, L., and Black, C. Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998. [30] Shawnee, V., C. Roger and D. Cornelia. Supply chain flexibility: an empirical study. Journal of Supply Chain Management,1999,35(3):16-24. [31] Vickery, V., Roger, C. and Cornelia, D. Supply Chain Flexibility: An Empirical Study. Journal of Supply Chain Management,1999, 35(3):16-24. [32] Khurana, A. Managing Complex Production Processes. Sloan Management Review, 1999, 40(2): 85-97. [33] Zhu, L. and Soh, C. FMS Job-Shop scheduling under disruptions with consideration of time and sequence deviation. IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control/Intelligent Systems and Semiotics, 1999: 138-143. [34] Ouyang, LY. and Chuang, BR., Stochastic Inventory Model Involving Variable Lead Time with a Service Level, Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, 2000, 10, 1: 81- 98. [35] Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001. [36] Subramaniam, C., and Shaw, M. A Study of the Value and the Impact of B2B E-Commerce: The Case of Web-Based Procurement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2002, 6(4): 19-40. [37] Gatignon, H., Tushman, L., Smith, W., and Anderson, P.A Structural Approach to Assessing Innovation: Construct © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Development of Innovation Locus, Type, and Characteristics. Management Science,2002,48(9):1103- 1122. [38] Taha, H. A., Operations Research, 2003. [39] Yang, B. Y., Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J.The construct of the learning organization: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 2004, (15): 31-55. [40] Ben-Daya, M. and Hariga, M., Integrated single vendor single buyer model with stochastic demand and variable lead time, International Journal of Production Economics, 2004, 92, 1:75-80. [41] Yao, Yuliang ;Dong, Yan ;Dresner, Martin, Managing supply chain backorders under vendor managed inventory: An incentive approach and empirical analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 2010, 6,31(2):350-359. [42] Ahmadi Javid, Amir ;Azad, Nader, Incorporating location, routing and inventory decisions in supply chain network design, Transportation Research - Part E the Logistics and Transportation Review,2010,46,5:582-597. [43] Kogan, K ;Lou, S ;Tapiero, C S ;Shnaiderman, M, Supply Chain With Inventory Review and Dependent Demand Distributions: Dynamic Inventory Outsourcing, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2010,7,2:197-207. [44] Battini, D. ;Gunasekaran, A. ;Faccio, M. ;Persona, A. ;Sgarbossa, F., Consignment stock inventory model in an integrated supply chain, International Journal of Production Research, 2010, 119, 2: 477-500. [45] Harish Krishnan;Ralph A. Winter, Inventory Dynamics and Supply Chain Coordination, Management Science,2010,56,1:141.
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Research on Self-built Digital Reso
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A Modified Technique for Analysis o
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